We have examined the ability of the scaleless (sc/sc) backskin dermis (6 to 16 days of incubation... more We have examined the ability of the scaleless (sc/sc) backskin dermis (6 to 16 days of incubation) to regulate pattern formation using the presumptive scutate scale epidermis from 11-day normal embryos as the responding tissue. Prior to 8 days of incubation the sc/sc backskin dermis is able to induce hexagonally patterned and uniformly oriented feather germs in normal epidermis. This ability is lost during day 8 and follows a central to lateral gradient. Such gradients are characteristic of normal feather development in the spinal tract. We discuss the change in the inductive ability of the sc/sc dermis in relation to the stabilization of the feather pattern, which occurs all at once throughout the dorsal dermis at 7.5-8 days of development. After day 8 until day 10, the sc/sc backskin dermis only supports the formation of sporadic, unpatterned feather germs; thereafter it will not support feather formation.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10412905 2009 9700099, Dec 9, 2011
... Received: August 2006 Revised: December 2006 Accepted: December 2006 Volatile Profile of the ... more ... Received: August 2006 Revised: December 2006 Accepted: December 2006 Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of Kiyomi (Citrus ... Abstract The volatile profile of Kiyomi cold-pressed peel oil was investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. ...
Nano-sized Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) phosphors were prepared by high-energy milling process whic... more Nano-sized Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) phosphors were prepared by high-energy milling process which utilizes a top–down synthesizing method. The beads-milling process was performed by a Laboratory Mill MINICER with ZrO2 beads. Nano-sized YAG:Ce can be produced by a mechanical collision between ZrO2 beads and YAG:Ce particles. After processing via beads milling, uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce particles sized below 100 nm were produced. By controlling the bead size, milling time and milling steps, we synthesized size-tunable and uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors with average diameters of 100, 70 and 40 nm, respectively. As the bead-milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency was degraded owing to the low crystallinity of the surface of the nano YAG:Ce. The phase and crystallinity of the nano-sized YAG:Ce were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The particle size was identified using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The luminescence and quantum efficiency (QE) of the nano-sized YAG:Ce were measured using a fluorescence spectrometer and a QE measuring instrument, respectively.► Nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphor was synthesized using a high-energy milling process. ► Uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce particles sized below 100 nm were produced. ► By controlling milling conditions, we synthesized size-tunable nano-sized YAG:Ce. ► The main factor of degradation in the luminescent efficiency was the crystallinity.
For imaging complicated subsurface structures, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) has been actively... more For imaging complicated subsurface structures, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) has been actively applied because of its capability to acquire reflections from steep dip reflectors such as salt flanks and to produce high-resolution image. Imaging VSP data, which include higher frequency components than surface seismic data, needs the precise migration technique using wave equation rather than ray theory. The migration technique based on one-way scalar wave equation such as split-step Fourier (SSF) and phase-screen (PS) migrations offers clear image of VSP data with much less computing time than reverse time migration. However, the application of the SSF or PS migrations is limited for imaging the subsurface structures with significantly steep dip and high lateral velocity variations which may be frequently included in VSP data. To overcome this problem, generalized-screen (GS) migration was developed. GS migration increases the accuracy in describing the structures with laterally heterogeneous velocities by using the higher-order terms of the expansion of the vertical slowness. In this study, 3D prestack GS migration was modified to apply to VSP data. There are two factors considered in applying prestack GS migration to VSP data. First, to satisfy the assumptions for phase shift term, VSP data should be resorted to common receiver gathers (reverse VSP (RVSP) geometry) by the principle of reciprocity. Secondly, the wavefield from the source propagates upward as well as downward to image the reflectors above the source position. To verify the developed GS VSP migration, we generated the synthetic VSP data with the velocity model including a salt dome with steep flank. We applied 4th-order GS and PS migrations to these VSP data. The results showed that GS migration positioned accurately the flank of the salt dome, which is hardly recognizable in the PS migration. Therefore, we confirmed that GS migration is superior in obtaining clear image of the complex subsurface structure from VSP data. (a) Image obtained by using the 4th order prestack GS VSP migration. (b) Image obtained by using prestack PS VSP migration.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 2005
This paper suggests an automated method for document classification using an ontology, which expr... more This paper suggests an automated method for document classification using an ontology, which expresses terminology information and vocabulary contained in Web documents by way of a hierarchical structure. Ontologybased document classification involves ...
Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi the Korean Journal of Hepatology, Dec 1, 2002
Although several clinical trials have suggested that lamivudine treatment can be very effective i... more Although several clinical trials have suggested that lamivudine treatment can be very effective in patients with decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis, its role and clinical efficacy are still uncertain because of the study designs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lamivudine in consecutively enrolled patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Twenty-four patients with decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score > or =8) were enrolled consecutively and treated with lamivudine 100 mg or 150 mg daily for 2-51 months (median: 16 months). They were all positive for HBV DNA and 21 were positive for serum HBeAg. Eight were Child-Pugh class B and 16 were class C. Clinical improvement was defined as a decrease of Child-Pugh score of at least 2 points. At 6(th) month after lamivudine, all the patients cleared serum HBV DNA. The cumulative rates for HBeAg loss were 28.6% at 6(th) and 46.6% at 12(th) month. The cumulative viral breakthrough rates at 12(th) and 24(th) month were 20.0% and 37.5%. Fourteen patients (60.8%) showed clinical improvement, while 8 (34.8%) showed no change and 1 got worse, at 6(th) month after lamivudine. Most clinical improvement developed within the initial 6 months. The cumulative mortality rates were 20.8% at 1 year and 37.5% at 2 year. These data suggest that lamivudine can result in clinical improvement in about 60% of patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis. Because most improvement occurs within 6 months after starting lamivudine, liver transplantation should be actively considered in cases which do not show clinical improvement despite 6-month lamivudine treatment.
We have examined the ability of the scaleless (sc/sc) backskin dermis (6 to 16 days of incubation... more We have examined the ability of the scaleless (sc/sc) backskin dermis (6 to 16 days of incubation) to regulate pattern formation using the presumptive scutate scale epidermis from 11-day normal embryos as the responding tissue. Prior to 8 days of incubation the sc/sc backskin dermis is able to induce hexagonally patterned and uniformly oriented feather germs in normal epidermis. This ability is lost during day 8 and follows a central to lateral gradient. Such gradients are characteristic of normal feather development in the spinal tract. We discuss the change in the inductive ability of the sc/sc dermis in relation to the stabilization of the feather pattern, which occurs all at once throughout the dorsal dermis at 7.5-8 days of development. After day 8 until day 10, the sc/sc backskin dermis only supports the formation of sporadic, unpatterned feather germs; thereafter it will not support feather formation.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10412905 2009 9700099, Dec 9, 2011
... Received: August 2006 Revised: December 2006 Accepted: December 2006 Volatile Profile of the ... more ... Received: August 2006 Revised: December 2006 Accepted: December 2006 Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of Kiyomi (Citrus ... Abstract The volatile profile of Kiyomi cold-pressed peel oil was investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. ...
Nano-sized Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) phosphors were prepared by high-energy milling process whic... more Nano-sized Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) phosphors were prepared by high-energy milling process which utilizes a top–down synthesizing method. The beads-milling process was performed by a Laboratory Mill MINICER with ZrO2 beads. Nano-sized YAG:Ce can be produced by a mechanical collision between ZrO2 beads and YAG:Ce particles. After processing via beads milling, uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce particles sized below 100 nm were produced. By controlling the bead size, milling time and milling steps, we synthesized size-tunable and uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors with average diameters of 100, 70 and 40 nm, respectively. As the bead-milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency was degraded owing to the low crystallinity of the surface of the nano YAG:Ce. The phase and crystallinity of the nano-sized YAG:Ce were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The particle size was identified using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The luminescence and quantum efficiency (QE) of the nano-sized YAG:Ce were measured using a fluorescence spectrometer and a QE measuring instrument, respectively.► Nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphor was synthesized using a high-energy milling process. ► Uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce particles sized below 100 nm were produced. ► By controlling milling conditions, we synthesized size-tunable nano-sized YAG:Ce. ► The main factor of degradation in the luminescent efficiency was the crystallinity.
For imaging complicated subsurface structures, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) has been actively... more For imaging complicated subsurface structures, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) has been actively applied because of its capability to acquire reflections from steep dip reflectors such as salt flanks and to produce high-resolution image. Imaging VSP data, which include higher frequency components than surface seismic data, needs the precise migration technique using wave equation rather than ray theory. The migration technique based on one-way scalar wave equation such as split-step Fourier (SSF) and phase-screen (PS) migrations offers clear image of VSP data with much less computing time than reverse time migration. However, the application of the SSF or PS migrations is limited for imaging the subsurface structures with significantly steep dip and high lateral velocity variations which may be frequently included in VSP data. To overcome this problem, generalized-screen (GS) migration was developed. GS migration increases the accuracy in describing the structures with laterally heterogeneous velocities by using the higher-order terms of the expansion of the vertical slowness. In this study, 3D prestack GS migration was modified to apply to VSP data. There are two factors considered in applying prestack GS migration to VSP data. First, to satisfy the assumptions for phase shift term, VSP data should be resorted to common receiver gathers (reverse VSP (RVSP) geometry) by the principle of reciprocity. Secondly, the wavefield from the source propagates upward as well as downward to image the reflectors above the source position. To verify the developed GS VSP migration, we generated the synthetic VSP data with the velocity model including a salt dome with steep flank. We applied 4th-order GS and PS migrations to these VSP data. The results showed that GS migration positioned accurately the flank of the salt dome, which is hardly recognizable in the PS migration. Therefore, we confirmed that GS migration is superior in obtaining clear image of the complex subsurface structure from VSP data. (a) Image obtained by using the 4th order prestack GS VSP migration. (b) Image obtained by using prestack PS VSP migration.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 2005
This paper suggests an automated method for document classification using an ontology, which expr... more This paper suggests an automated method for document classification using an ontology, which expresses terminology information and vocabulary contained in Web documents by way of a hierarchical structure. Ontologybased document classification involves ...
Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi the Korean Journal of Hepatology, Dec 1, 2002
Although several clinical trials have suggested that lamivudine treatment can be very effective i... more Although several clinical trials have suggested that lamivudine treatment can be very effective in patients with decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis, its role and clinical efficacy are still uncertain because of the study designs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lamivudine in consecutively enrolled patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Twenty-four patients with decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score > or =8) were enrolled consecutively and treated with lamivudine 100 mg or 150 mg daily for 2-51 months (median: 16 months). They were all positive for HBV DNA and 21 were positive for serum HBeAg. Eight were Child-Pugh class B and 16 were class C. Clinical improvement was defined as a decrease of Child-Pugh score of at least 2 points. At 6(th) month after lamivudine, all the patients cleared serum HBV DNA. The cumulative rates for HBeAg loss were 28.6% at 6(th) and 46.6% at 12(th) month. The cumulative viral breakthrough rates at 12(th) and 24(th) month were 20.0% and 37.5%. Fourteen patients (60.8%) showed clinical improvement, while 8 (34.8%) showed no change and 1 got worse, at 6(th) month after lamivudine. Most clinical improvement developed within the initial 6 months. The cumulative mortality rates were 20.8% at 1 year and 37.5% at 2 year. These data suggest that lamivudine can result in clinical improvement in about 60% of patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis. Because most improvement occurs within 6 months after starting lamivudine, liver transplantation should be actively considered in cases which do not show clinical improvement despite 6-month lamivudine treatment.
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