Although the health care industry has strived to address racial/ethnic disparities in health comm... more Although the health care industry has strived to address racial/ethnic disparities in health communication, several gaps remain. Previous findings suggest that communication technology might help narrow the gaps; however, they do not provide a comprehensive picture of how or why. To answer these questions, we examined the potential role of communication technology in mitigating the racial/ethnic disparities in patient-provider communication. Data analysis of the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (N= 3,504) revealed that the levels of perceived quality of communication with health care providers were lower among Asians and Hispanics than non-Hispanic Whites while no difference emerged between Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. Although the adoption of communication technology was relatively high across minority groups, its use appeared to play different roles in different racial/ethnic populations. The Internet and patient portals showed no particular associations with patient-provider communication except for Black Internet users, who reported poorer experiences with patient-provider communication than non-users. Among Asians and Hispanics, social media and mobile communication appeared to play different roles in impacting communication experiences with health care providers. The findings suggest that communication technologies need to be strategically utilized and tailored to better meet the communication needs of racial/ethnic minorities.
N screening motivation is shown to be partially mediated by views on societal racism. In analysis... more N screening motivation is shown to be partially mediated by views on societal racism. In analysis 2, reported racism is partially mediated by the strategy of talking to others when experiencing unfair treatment. In analysis 3, the effect of anomie on screening motivation is partially mediated by preference for a Black physician.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "A healthy mistrust: how worldview relates to attitudes about breast cancer screening in a cross-sectional survey of low-income women"http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/5International Journal for Equity in Health 2008;7():5-5.Published online 31 Jan 2008PMCID:PMC2267195.
Background: Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans, three of the largest Asian American (AA) s... more Background: Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans, three of the largest Asian American (AA) subgroups, have particularly high rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. However, CRC screening rates among these Asian Americans remain very low. Increased knowledge of CRC has been shown to be positively correlated with a person’s inclination to undergo screening. Purpose: This study estimated the prevalence of up to date CRC screening and examined the predictors of CRC knowledge and screening compliance among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans living in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Methods: A cross-sectional sample was employed in this study and included 274 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans between ages 50-75 years old. A questionnaire was given to participants in either their preferred native language or in English. Data was collected in person. Results: Data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) indicates that Chines...
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2017
Background: Although social norms are thought to play an important role in hepatitis B screening ... more Background: Although social norms are thought to play an important role in hepatitis B screening behaviors, limited theoretical or empirical guidance exists on how the underlying process works. Using the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB), we examined the role played by injunctive norms and interpersonal discussion in the relationship between descriptive norms and hepatitis B screening behavior among Asian Americans. Methods: Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans in the Washington D.C.-Baltimore metropolitan area (N=877) were recruited from community-based organizations. Self-administered baseline surveys collected information on their demographic, social norms (e.g., descriptive and injunctive norms), interpersonal communication, and HBV screening behavior. Results: Social norms and family communication emerged as key factors in HBV screening. For Vietnamese Americans, family communication moderated the influence of descriptive norms on behavior. Injunctive norm moderat...
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CP... more ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CPNP) programme involving a 2-week group nutrition session in improving child feeding and hygiene practices among caregivers.DesignCluster randomized trial. In the intervention area (six clusters), the CPNP programme was added to the context of government nutrition programmes; the control area (six clusters) received the government programme only. Child feeding practices were assessed every 3 months using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire, and hand washing with soap was assessed every 6 months, over a period of 12 months. Feeding and hygiene measures at each visit were scored and the scores summed up for the entire follow-up period.SettingHabro and Melka Bello districts, Ethiopia.SubjectsRandomly selected mothers with a child aged 6–12 months (n1790).ResultsA total of 1199 mothers, 629 in the control and 570 in the intervention areas, were assessed at all visits and included in the analy...
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, Jan 31, 2016
This study examines the associations between acculturation and three health examination behaviors... more This study examines the associations between acculturation and three health examination behaviors (physical, dental, and eye exams) among 846 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. The study was part of a randomized, community-based trial on liver cancer prevention that targeted Asian Americans in Washington DC metropolitan area. Acculturation was assessed using Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation (SL-ASIA) scale, acculturation clusters, and length of stay. Health examination behaviors in the last 2 years were self-reported. Potential confounders such as age, gender, ethnicity, income, marital status, self-rated health status, health insurance, and having a regular physician were adjusted. Increased acculturation was associated with greater receipt of preventive services when acculturation was measured by SL-ASIA and acculturation clusters. Compared to those in the "Asian" cluster, those in the "American" cluster and "bicultural" clusters we...
Background: Hepatitis B and liver cancer are extremely serious diseases that affect Asian America... more Background: Hepatitis B and liver cancer are extremely serious diseases that affect Asian Americans disproportionately. Ethnic group specific non-traditional educational material is needed. Objective: To develop culturally tailored photonovels to prevent hepatitis B and liver cancer. Methods: Findings from eight focus groups with Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans (58 participants) conducted in 2009 were used to create storylines tailored for each group. Each community's input was reflected in storyline, fact boxes, readability, cover, and design. Community-specific settings were used, and actors/actresses were recruited from the community. Results: Focus group findings indicated that participants' level of knowledge for hepatitis B and screening/vaccination was generally low, but some key barriers to hepatitis B screening/vaccination differed significantly by group. Stigma was the primary barrier for Chinese, heavy reliance on alternative medicine, supplements, and f...
Background Liver cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Asian and western Pacific countries an... more Background Liver cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Asian and western Pacific countries and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is its most common cause. Knowledge about the disease and screening uptake are low. Research shows that that knowledge is a necessary though not sufficient condition for behavior change; self-efficacy is required to translate knowledge into action. Methods Data come from a longitudinal study in Maryland to promote HBV screening behaviors by enhancing knowledge and efficacy. Participants were recruited through community-based organizations. Participants (N=277) completed a self-administered pretest and posttest questionnaire following a 60-minute educational program. Respondents were immigrants from China (55%) and Korea (44%). Average age was 46.8 years (SD=12), two-thirds had at least some college education, and 40% were male. Results Knowledge about HBV infection: average score 45.4% (SD=22.5). Significant predictors of knowledge were age (β=...
Background: Hepatitis B rates among Asian Americans (~10%) are higher than those of any other rac... more Background: Hepatitis B rates among Asian Americans (~10%) are higher than those of any other racial group in the United States. Since 80% of liver cancer is associated with Hepatitis B, the burden of morbidity and mortality is extremely high in this population, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate interventions. Objective: To explore Asian Americans' knowledge, awareness, and perceived barriers toward Hepatitis B screening and vaccines. Methods: Using focus groups (n=8) with Korean, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants in the Baltimore/Washington Metropolitan area, we explored participants' understanding of, and experience with, Hepatitis B and liver cancer. Focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed, and translated into English. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes related to knowledge and awareness, risk perception, and barriers to prevention. Results: Emergent themes included generally low levels of knowledge and awareness of Hepatitis B risks, scr...
Background: Asian Americans are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, rela... more Background: Asian Americans are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, relatively little is known about the determinants of adherence to HBV screening, including association with informational support. Objective: To examine association between informational support and hepatitis B virus screening among Asian Americans. Methods: We used data of 872 Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese recruited for a liver cancer prevention program in Maryland during 2009 to 2010. Informational support was measured by recommendations from physicians, family members and friends, and inquiring a doctor about HBV screening. Outcome was self-reported HBV screening status. Results: 410 (47%) respondents reported previous HBV screening. Only 19.8% (n=173) recalled a physician recommendation. After controlling for potential confounders, higher level of HBV screening were among people who reported having physician recommendation (Odds ratio (OR) = 8.2, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 5.2, 12.7...
The risk perception attitude (RPA) framework classifies people into 4 groups based on their perce... more The risk perception attitude (RPA) framework classifies people into 4 groups based on their perceptions of risk and personal efficacy: responsive (high risk, high efficacy), avoidance (high risk, low efficacy), proactive (low risk, high efficacy), and indifference (low risk, low efficacy). This study tested the central propositions from the RPA framework among a group of immigrant Indian women (N = 413) in the Washington, DC area in their propensity to pay attention to breast cancer information and engage in self‐exams and clinical screening. Self‐efficacy and knowledge about breast cancer were consistent predictors of these outcomes. Use of the RPA framework explained 16% to 27% of the variance. Implications for breast cancer prevention campaigns are discussed.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2011
Background: Asian Americans (AAs), particularly those from hepatitis B endemic countries, are at ... more Background: Asian Americans (AAs), particularly those from hepatitis B endemic countries, are at greater risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Chronic HBV patients are 200 times more likely to develop liver cancer than individuals without the infection. HBV screening can help AAs manage the HBV infection, but few take advantage of screening. The Maryland Asian American Liver Cancer Education Program, a randomized controlled trial, implemented culturally and linguistically tailored liver cancer education to 877 adult AAs including Korean, Chinese and Vietnamese Americans; recruited through community-based organizations. The intervention group participated in an educational HBV presentation, viewed a role play video, and received a photonovel and a list of Asian specialists. The presentation, role play video and photonovel were developed from formative research and prepared in ethnic languages. The control group, on the other hand, received only an English brochure on...
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between physician recommendation for mammogra... more OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between physician recommendation for mammography and race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other characteristics in a rural population. METHODS: In 1993 through 1994, we surveyed 1933 Black women and White women 52 years and older in 10 rural counties. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of the women reported a physician recommendation in the past year. White women reported recommendations significantly more often than did Black women (55% vs 45%; odds ratio = 1.49). Controlling for educational attainment and income eliminated the apparent racial/ethnic difference. After control for 5 personal, 4 health, and 3 access characteristics, recommendation for mammography was found to be more frequent among women who had access to the health care system (i.e., had a regular physician and health insurance). Recommendation was less frequent among women who were vulnerable (i.e., were older, had lower educational attainment, had lower annual fam...
Among Asian Americans, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Desp... more Among Asian Americans, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite strong evidence that screening can reduce CRC-related mortality, fewer Chinese and Koreans receive screening as compared to non-Hispanic whites and blacks. The objective of this study was to examine facilitators and barriers as well as strategies to promote CRC screening in this population. This study employed a mixed-methods design. We conducted 17 key informant interviews and 12 focus groups in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. 120 Chinese and Korean focus group participants, aged 50 to 85, also provided quantitative data through self-administered surveys. All participants were asked to discuss facilitators and barriers of CRC screening, including in relation to culture. Participants who had a regular physician and doctor's recommendation for CRC screening were more likely to ever receive a colonoscopy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26,...
<p>*Meta-analysis was not conducted due to duplicate dataset;</p><p>**data from... more <p>*Meta-analysis was not conducted due to duplicate dataset;</p><p>**data from Kim & Lopez [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127760#pone.0127760.ref078" target="_blank">78</a>]; UM-CIDI: University of Michigan’s version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview; WHM-CIDI: World Mental Health Organization CIDI; HDI: Hamilton Depression Inventory; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; PDSS: Postpartum Depression Screening Scale; HSCL: Hopkins Symptom Checklist; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression.</p><p>Summary of depression prevalence by measurement type.</p
Background The inverse relationship between BMI and lung cancer diagnosis is well defined. Howeve... more Background The inverse relationship between BMI and lung cancer diagnosis is well defined. However, few studies have examined the racial differences in these relationships. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships amongst race, BMI, and lung cancer diagnosis using the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) data. Methods Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the BMI, race, and lung cancer diagnosis relationships. Results Among 53,452 participants in the NLST cohort, 3.9% were diagnosed with lung cancer, 43% were overweight, and 28% were obese. BMI was inversely related to lung cancer diagnosis among Whites: those overweight (aOR = .83, 95%CI = .75-.93), obese (aOR = .64, 95%CI = .56-.73) were less likely to develop lung cancer, compared to those with normal weight. These relationships were not found among African-Americans. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the inverse relationship of BMI and lung cancer risk among Whites is consistent, whereas this ...
Although the health care industry has strived to address racial/ethnic disparities in health comm... more Although the health care industry has strived to address racial/ethnic disparities in health communication, several gaps remain. Previous findings suggest that communication technology might help narrow the gaps; however, they do not provide a comprehensive picture of how or why. To answer these questions, we examined the potential role of communication technology in mitigating the racial/ethnic disparities in patient-provider communication. Data analysis of the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (N= 3,504) revealed that the levels of perceived quality of communication with health care providers were lower among Asians and Hispanics than non-Hispanic Whites while no difference emerged between Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. Although the adoption of communication technology was relatively high across minority groups, its use appeared to play different roles in different racial/ethnic populations. The Internet and patient portals showed no particular associations with patient-provider communication except for Black Internet users, who reported poorer experiences with patient-provider communication than non-users. Among Asians and Hispanics, social media and mobile communication appeared to play different roles in impacting communication experiences with health care providers. The findings suggest that communication technologies need to be strategically utilized and tailored to better meet the communication needs of racial/ethnic minorities.
N screening motivation is shown to be partially mediated by views on societal racism. In analysis... more N screening motivation is shown to be partially mediated by views on societal racism. In analysis 2, reported racism is partially mediated by the strategy of talking to others when experiencing unfair treatment. In analysis 3, the effect of anomie on screening motivation is partially mediated by preference for a Black physician.<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "A healthy mistrust: how worldview relates to attitudes about breast cancer screening in a cross-sectional survey of low-income women"http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/5International Journal for Equity in Health 2008;7():5-5.Published online 31 Jan 2008PMCID:PMC2267195.
Background: Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans, three of the largest Asian American (AA) s... more Background: Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans, three of the largest Asian American (AA) subgroups, have particularly high rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. However, CRC screening rates among these Asian Americans remain very low. Increased knowledge of CRC has been shown to be positively correlated with a person’s inclination to undergo screening. Purpose: This study estimated the prevalence of up to date CRC screening and examined the predictors of CRC knowledge and screening compliance among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans living in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Methods: A cross-sectional sample was employed in this study and included 274 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans between ages 50-75 years old. A questionnaire was given to participants in either their preferred native language or in English. Data was collected in person. Results: Data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) indicates that Chines...
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2017
Background: Although social norms are thought to play an important role in hepatitis B screening ... more Background: Although social norms are thought to play an important role in hepatitis B screening behaviors, limited theoretical or empirical guidance exists on how the underlying process works. Using the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB), we examined the role played by injunctive norms and interpersonal discussion in the relationship between descriptive norms and hepatitis B screening behavior among Asian Americans. Methods: Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans in the Washington D.C.-Baltimore metropolitan area (N=877) were recruited from community-based organizations. Self-administered baseline surveys collected information on their demographic, social norms (e.g., descriptive and injunctive norms), interpersonal communication, and HBV screening behavior. Results: Social norms and family communication emerged as key factors in HBV screening. For Vietnamese Americans, family communication moderated the influence of descriptive norms on behavior. Injunctive norm moderat...
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CP... more ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CPNP) programme involving a 2-week group nutrition session in improving child feeding and hygiene practices among caregivers.DesignCluster randomized trial. In the intervention area (six clusters), the CPNP programme was added to the context of government nutrition programmes; the control area (six clusters) received the government programme only. Child feeding practices were assessed every 3 months using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire, and hand washing with soap was assessed every 6 months, over a period of 12 months. Feeding and hygiene measures at each visit were scored and the scores summed up for the entire follow-up period.SettingHabro and Melka Bello districts, Ethiopia.SubjectsRandomly selected mothers with a child aged 6–12 months (n1790).ResultsA total of 1199 mothers, 629 in the control and 570 in the intervention areas, were assessed at all visits and included in the analy...
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, Jan 31, 2016
This study examines the associations between acculturation and three health examination behaviors... more This study examines the associations between acculturation and three health examination behaviors (physical, dental, and eye exams) among 846 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. The study was part of a randomized, community-based trial on liver cancer prevention that targeted Asian Americans in Washington DC metropolitan area. Acculturation was assessed using Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation (SL-ASIA) scale, acculturation clusters, and length of stay. Health examination behaviors in the last 2 years were self-reported. Potential confounders such as age, gender, ethnicity, income, marital status, self-rated health status, health insurance, and having a regular physician were adjusted. Increased acculturation was associated with greater receipt of preventive services when acculturation was measured by SL-ASIA and acculturation clusters. Compared to those in the "Asian" cluster, those in the "American" cluster and "bicultural" clusters we...
Background: Hepatitis B and liver cancer are extremely serious diseases that affect Asian America... more Background: Hepatitis B and liver cancer are extremely serious diseases that affect Asian Americans disproportionately. Ethnic group specific non-traditional educational material is needed. Objective: To develop culturally tailored photonovels to prevent hepatitis B and liver cancer. Methods: Findings from eight focus groups with Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans (58 participants) conducted in 2009 were used to create storylines tailored for each group. Each community's input was reflected in storyline, fact boxes, readability, cover, and design. Community-specific settings were used, and actors/actresses were recruited from the community. Results: Focus group findings indicated that participants' level of knowledge for hepatitis B and screening/vaccination was generally low, but some key barriers to hepatitis B screening/vaccination differed significantly by group. Stigma was the primary barrier for Chinese, heavy reliance on alternative medicine, supplements, and f...
Background Liver cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Asian and western Pacific countries an... more Background Liver cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Asian and western Pacific countries and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is its most common cause. Knowledge about the disease and screening uptake are low. Research shows that that knowledge is a necessary though not sufficient condition for behavior change; self-efficacy is required to translate knowledge into action. Methods Data come from a longitudinal study in Maryland to promote HBV screening behaviors by enhancing knowledge and efficacy. Participants were recruited through community-based organizations. Participants (N=277) completed a self-administered pretest and posttest questionnaire following a 60-minute educational program. Respondents were immigrants from China (55%) and Korea (44%). Average age was 46.8 years (SD=12), two-thirds had at least some college education, and 40% were male. Results Knowledge about HBV infection: average score 45.4% (SD=22.5). Significant predictors of knowledge were age (β=...
Background: Hepatitis B rates among Asian Americans (~10%) are higher than those of any other rac... more Background: Hepatitis B rates among Asian Americans (~10%) are higher than those of any other racial group in the United States. Since 80% of liver cancer is associated with Hepatitis B, the burden of morbidity and mortality is extremely high in this population, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate interventions. Objective: To explore Asian Americans' knowledge, awareness, and perceived barriers toward Hepatitis B screening and vaccines. Methods: Using focus groups (n=8) with Korean, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants in the Baltimore/Washington Metropolitan area, we explored participants' understanding of, and experience with, Hepatitis B and liver cancer. Focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed, and translated into English. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes related to knowledge and awareness, risk perception, and barriers to prevention. Results: Emergent themes included generally low levels of knowledge and awareness of Hepatitis B risks, scr...
Background: Asian Americans are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, rela... more Background: Asian Americans are at high-risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, relatively little is known about the determinants of adherence to HBV screening, including association with informational support. Objective: To examine association between informational support and hepatitis B virus screening among Asian Americans. Methods: We used data of 872 Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese recruited for a liver cancer prevention program in Maryland during 2009 to 2010. Informational support was measured by recommendations from physicians, family members and friends, and inquiring a doctor about HBV screening. Outcome was self-reported HBV screening status. Results: 410 (47%) respondents reported previous HBV screening. Only 19.8% (n=173) recalled a physician recommendation. After controlling for potential confounders, higher level of HBV screening were among people who reported having physician recommendation (Odds ratio (OR) = 8.2, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 5.2, 12.7...
The risk perception attitude (RPA) framework classifies people into 4 groups based on their perce... more The risk perception attitude (RPA) framework classifies people into 4 groups based on their perceptions of risk and personal efficacy: responsive (high risk, high efficacy), avoidance (high risk, low efficacy), proactive (low risk, high efficacy), and indifference (low risk, low efficacy). This study tested the central propositions from the RPA framework among a group of immigrant Indian women (N = 413) in the Washington, DC area in their propensity to pay attention to breast cancer information and engage in self‐exams and clinical screening. Self‐efficacy and knowledge about breast cancer were consistent predictors of these outcomes. Use of the RPA framework explained 16% to 27% of the variance. Implications for breast cancer prevention campaigns are discussed.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2011
Background: Asian Americans (AAs), particularly those from hepatitis B endemic countries, are at ... more Background: Asian Americans (AAs), particularly those from hepatitis B endemic countries, are at greater risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Chronic HBV patients are 200 times more likely to develop liver cancer than individuals without the infection. HBV screening can help AAs manage the HBV infection, but few take advantage of screening. The Maryland Asian American Liver Cancer Education Program, a randomized controlled trial, implemented culturally and linguistically tailored liver cancer education to 877 adult AAs including Korean, Chinese and Vietnamese Americans; recruited through community-based organizations. The intervention group participated in an educational HBV presentation, viewed a role play video, and received a photonovel and a list of Asian specialists. The presentation, role play video and photonovel were developed from formative research and prepared in ethnic languages. The control group, on the other hand, received only an English brochure on...
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between physician recommendation for mammogra... more OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between physician recommendation for mammography and race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other characteristics in a rural population. METHODS: In 1993 through 1994, we surveyed 1933 Black women and White women 52 years and older in 10 rural counties. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of the women reported a physician recommendation in the past year. White women reported recommendations significantly more often than did Black women (55% vs 45%; odds ratio = 1.49). Controlling for educational attainment and income eliminated the apparent racial/ethnic difference. After control for 5 personal, 4 health, and 3 access characteristics, recommendation for mammography was found to be more frequent among women who had access to the health care system (i.e., had a regular physician and health insurance). Recommendation was less frequent among women who were vulnerable (i.e., were older, had lower educational attainment, had lower annual fam...
Among Asian Americans, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Desp... more Among Asian Americans, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite strong evidence that screening can reduce CRC-related mortality, fewer Chinese and Koreans receive screening as compared to non-Hispanic whites and blacks. The objective of this study was to examine facilitators and barriers as well as strategies to promote CRC screening in this population. This study employed a mixed-methods design. We conducted 17 key informant interviews and 12 focus groups in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. 120 Chinese and Korean focus group participants, aged 50 to 85, also provided quantitative data through self-administered surveys. All participants were asked to discuss facilitators and barriers of CRC screening, including in relation to culture. Participants who had a regular physician and doctor's recommendation for CRC screening were more likely to ever receive a colonoscopy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26,...
<p>*Meta-analysis was not conducted due to duplicate dataset;</p><p>**data from... more <p>*Meta-analysis was not conducted due to duplicate dataset;</p><p>**data from Kim & Lopez [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127760#pone.0127760.ref078" target="_blank">78</a>]; UM-CIDI: University of Michigan’s version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview; WHM-CIDI: World Mental Health Organization CIDI; HDI: Hamilton Depression Inventory; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; PDSS: Postpartum Depression Screening Scale; HSCL: Hopkins Symptom Checklist; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression.</p><p>Summary of depression prevalence by measurement type.</p
Background The inverse relationship between BMI and lung cancer diagnosis is well defined. Howeve... more Background The inverse relationship between BMI and lung cancer diagnosis is well defined. However, few studies have examined the racial differences in these relationships. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships amongst race, BMI, and lung cancer diagnosis using the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) data. Methods Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the BMI, race, and lung cancer diagnosis relationships. Results Among 53,452 participants in the NLST cohort, 3.9% were diagnosed with lung cancer, 43% were overweight, and 28% were obese. BMI was inversely related to lung cancer diagnosis among Whites: those overweight (aOR = .83, 95%CI = .75-.93), obese (aOR = .64, 95%CI = .56-.73) were less likely to develop lung cancer, compared to those with normal weight. These relationships were not found among African-Americans. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the inverse relationship of BMI and lung cancer risk among Whites is consistent, whereas this ...
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