Summarized in this report are the findings of Phase II archaeological investigations which were c... more Summarized in this report are the findings of Phase II archaeological investigations which were conducted at one historic site (18CR235) located within a parcel of land near Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland and within the confines of the proposed Law Enforcement Driver Training Facility for the Police and Correctional Training Commission, an agency of the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. An archaeological field study of the site was conducted in June 1996 for the project which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 14. Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site yielded historic period artifacts which are representative of a mid to late 18th century occupation. The property on which the site is located was owned at one time by the family of Frank Brown, Maryland's governor between 1892-1896. Four in situ 18th-century architectural features (mostly foundation remains) and another feature interpreted as a possible privy or trash midden were found on a level hilltop overlooking Piney Run and, as a result, the site was determined to be culturally significant and eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Based on the Phase II study, if this site cannot be avoided, it is recommended for Phase Ill Data Recovery to mitigate the impacts to the site.
Phase II Archaeological Testing of the Pleasantview site (Site 10A), located along a ridgetop in ... more Phase II Archaeological Testing of the Pleasantview site (Site 10A), located along a ridgetop in Grant Township, Wetzel County, West Virginia, and within the proposed CNG Transmission Corporation pipeline TL-492, revealed that the site represented a single-component Archaic Period aboriginal occupation. According to radiocarbon dates obtained from a single hearth feature, the occupation took place between 2,270-1,990 B.C. A homogeneous assemblage of projectile points was recovered during the investigations along with chipped as well as ground and pecked stone tools. Botanical remains found within the hearth along with the other recovered cultural material indicated that the site functioned as an upland campsite where various extractive and tool maintenance tasks took place. Although the site provided new and important information to an otherwise sparse regional prehistoric data base regarding Archaic settlement patterns, no additional work is recommended because it is believed that the site was sufficiently studied in terms of the data recovered. Additional excavation is not likely to yield new cultural data.
This report contains the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 55 acre parc... more This report contains the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 55 acre parcel of land proposed for the Java History Trail and new educational facility located' within the boundaries of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (a research facility of the Smithsonian Institution) near the town of Edgewater, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Although the 3 meter (10 feet) wide trail was designed to traverse a small section of the Center's lands, the entire 55 parcel was surveyed for archaeological sites which may be impacted by the trail as well as sites within its viewing distance which could be incorporated into the public history interpretive program at the Center. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interview, an evaluation of the artifacts housed at the Center from previous surveys, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology involved shovel testing and a visual examination of the banks along the Rhode River. The background research revealed that a portion of the area had previously been surveyed by Henry Wright {1968) and that three prehistoric shell middens were recorded (18AN284, 18AN285, and 18AN286) within the area of the proposed trail. Shovel testing in the area of the sites to determine their extent and condition revealed that sites 18AN284 and 18AN285 are actually one large shell midden/village which extends over a 2.0 acre area. The site will be impacted by the proposed trail and educational facility, and avoidance is recommended. Site 18AN286 is also in the way of the trail and is also recommended for avoidance. One additional prehistoric shell midden site (18AN741) was located along a small terrace of Fox Point. This site will not be impacted by the trail but will be in view of it. Four late 19th century-early 20th century historic archaeological sites were found within site of the trail: 18AN736 represents the remnants of the Robert Forrest residence, located near the Center's main building complex; site 18AN737 represents Forrest's summer cottage; and site 18AN739 may be the remnants of a barn and outbuilding complex associated with the dairy farm Forrest operated when he owned the land. Site 18AN740 represents the residual remains of a structure noted on late 19th century local maps.
One additional historic site, located outside of the project boundary but within view of the Trail, 18AN738, represents the remains of a wharf which, according to historic records, existed in the area from the mid 18th century to the mid 20th century. The wharf was used to ship produce to market during its early history, and later served as a steamboat landing. Artifacts housed at the Center from Wright's survey of the property (1968) and excavations at site 18AN285 (1969) were not located and therefore could not be examined during the present project. However, it is recommended that a search continue for them. In the event that they are located, they will be evaluated and the results will be presented in a separate report. One alternative design for the Java History Trail and educational facility is offered which will avoid the sites and one archaeologically sensitive area. However, other alternatives are possible in areas determined during the survey to not contain archaeological sites. If avoidance is impossible, then sites 18AN284/85 and 18AN286 are recommended for Preliminary Site Examination to assess their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Finally, the report presents recommendations for the development and management of the sites within the project area and discusses their interpretive potential (along with sites surrounding the project area) within the themes established in the Maryland Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan.
An 18th century grist mill located within the Gunpowder Falls State Park proposed for adaptive re... more An 18th century grist mill located within the Gunpowder Falls State Park proposed for adaptive reuse as the Department of Natural Resources, Park and Wildlife Service headquarters, was tested as part of a multi-step stabilization and renovation process. The Jerusalem Mill is part of a complex of significant historic structures representing early industrial development along the Little Gunpowder Falls River in Harford County, Maryland and is included in the Maryland Historic Sites Inventory (HA-433). The mill site is also planned to serve as an historic interpretive facility for visitors utilizing the park. Preliminary testing was conducted to evaluate the basic method of construction of the mill as well as to determine the extent of damage done to the foundation caused by dumping when the mill race was filled in after its closing. Four test pits were excavated by backhoe (followed by hand excavation) in and around the mill. One test pit placed within the mill race nearest Jerusalem Road revealed that episodes of modernization at the mill had destroyed any early components associated with this feature. A second machine dug test pit placed where the mill race entered the mill also revealed that the east wall of the raceway had been destroyed by the weight of the fill and had severely impacted the stability of the west wall. A third machine dug test pit placed at the southeastern corner of the mill revealed a stepped stone foundation with no other associated features. Finally, one hand-dug test pit placed inside the building failed to locate any archaeological features or artifacts associated with the building. Since the mill had operated continuously from 1772 until 1961, archaeological remains consisted only of an admixture of recent historic material. Any archaeological features relating to its early operation had been obliterated from various changes made to update the mill throughout its history. Data obtained from test pit excavations at the Jerusalem Mill exemplify its continued use throughout its history. However an opportunity was provided during the preliminary stage of renovation of the mill to examine its subsurface construction.
Presented in this report are the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Carriage Estat... more Presented in this report are the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Carriage Estates Subdivision proposed for residential development in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, The project area lies within the Western Shore subdivision of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and is within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 7. The survey methodology involved background research, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing moderate to high potential areas on a 15 meter grid pattern within the more level portions of the property as well as surface collection of ground exposed areas across the entire property. As the result of the survey, three prehistoric archaeological sites were identified as well as the archaeological remains of two historic cultural resources. One of the historic sites {18AN1057) consists of 18th-century domestic and architectural artifacts suggesting that an early occupation took place within the property. It has been determined by Washington Homes, Inc., that this site can be avoided. Nineteenth-century domestic artifacts were also recovered along the· surface and within shovel test pits near the development entrance which may represent the residual remains of the John Claggett residence noted on 19- century historic maps {18AN1056). None of the artifacts were found in any meaningful concentrations indicative of outbuilding locations or activity areas. This site does not appear to have integrity within the proposed development area because of disturbances from road grading and it is not recommended for additional work. The three prehistoric archaeological sites {18AN1053, 18AN1054, and 18AN1055) yielded sparse amounts of debitage and most likely represent short term encampments. In addition, two of these sites {18AN1053 and 18AN1054) may have been partially impacted by road grading and perk testing; Site 18AN1055 is located near the project boundaries and will not be impacted by the current project. Therefore, because the prehistoric sites are small in size and because they may lack integrity, none of these sites are recommended for additional work.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Shipley's Retreat Subd... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Shipley's Retreat Subdivision (Pumphrey II Property); the project is located near the town of Millersville, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Physiographically, the proposed parcel of land is located in the Severn River drainage (Council tor Maryland Archeology Research Unit 7) and within the Western Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance consisting of shovel testing areas of archaeological potential within the wooded parcel. As a result of the survey, one prehistoric Amerindian site (18AN1052) was identified within the project parcel. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered in various soils' layers at the site, it was recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing. To expedite the cultural resource clearance of the project, it was agreed that Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site be conducted immediately and that the results be incorporated into one report. The Phase II Testing revealed that the site was confined to the disturbed plowzone and represented one or more temporary campsites; at least one occupation is assigned to the Early Woodland Period based on the presence of a quartz Piscataway projectile point and Marcey Creek ceramic sherds. Artifacts recovered from the sandy soil layers beneath the plowzone were determined to have been carried by bioturbation. As a result, the site was determined to possess no integrity. Since no cultural features were exposed and few diagnostic artifacts were recovered for establishing cultural affiliation or temporal position, no further work is recommended for this project.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the WHA Property, a parcel... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the WHA Property, a parcel of land proposed for the Crofton Colony residential development project, located near the towns of Millersville, Crofton, and Crownsville in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The proposed project is situated in the headwater region of the Patuxent River drainage (Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 8) and in the Western Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The Phase I Archaeological Survey of the property, which consisted of shovel testing in loci within the wooded parcel resulted in the identification of eight prehistoric archaeological sites (18AN1104-18AN1111) which all yielded varying amounts of artifacts. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered from two of the sites (l8AN1105 and 18AN1111 ), Phase II Archaeological Testing was conducted at these sites to determine if they were culturally significant. As a result of the Phase II Testing, the sites were determined to be small temporary campsites which may be associated with larger multicomponent sites located a short distance to the west. However, other than eroded pottery, no diagnostic material was recovered making it difficult to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological placement of the sites. As a result of the study, no additional cultural resources' work is recommended. For the remainder of the project parcel, no further work is recommended.
This report contains the combined results of a Phase I Cultural Resources survey and Phase II Arc... more This report contains the combined results of a Phase I Cultural Resources survey and Phase II Archaeological Testing of an aboriginal archaeological site found during the survey of the CNG Transmission Corporation Tuscarora Measuring and Regulating Station site located near the town of Tuscarora, Frederick County, Maryland. The 1.2 hectare (3 acre) parcel of land is located on a hilltop and within a triangle of land situated between Nolands Ferry Road, Maryland Route 28, and New Design Road. Phase I Survey of the project area conducted on April 4, 1988, yielded evidence that a prehistoric archaeological site (18FR615) existed on the project land. Surface collection within the 1.2 hectare tract yielded 16 rhyolite and quartz flakes, but poor ground visibility prevented further testing to determine the extent of the site. Piece plotting of artifacts in the project boundaries after the area had been plowed and disked yielded 65 additional artifacts. Diagnostic artifacts indicated that the site was occupied during the Middle to Late Archaic time periods. Artifact concentrations revealed that the site extended beyond the project area. The site was recommended for Phase II Testing because it was determined that in situ cultural features could possibly exist within the boundaries of the project. Because of construction scheduling deadlines, the usual Phase I review process was circumvented in an agreement between CNG officials and Maryland Historical Trust staff. Phase II Testing of Site 18FR615 was conducted from May 27 to June 4, 1988. Mechanical stripping of 8 trenches, which accounted for testing 20% of the site, yielded 12 cultural features, all concentrated within the northeastern portion of the project boundaries. As a result of the Phase II Testing, a redesign of the proposed facilities was undertaken to avoid the portion of the site within the project boundaries, and at a second meeting between NPW personnel and the Trust staff on June 17, 1988, at the Trust office, the new station design plan was presented and the project was cleared. Phase II Testing of site 18FR615 yielded significant information (in the form of intact cultural features) regarding prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns in the Monocacy River region of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. Although the site will not be impacted by construction, it has been interpreted as being eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and is recommended for protection from any future ground altering projects.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Rec... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 4.2 hectare (10.5 acre) parcel of land proposed for an expansion of the Carroll Park Golf Course located in Baltimore, Maryland. The report also details the results of Phase II Testing of a previously recorded site (18BC34) located within the proposed project parcel. Shovel testing on a five-meter grid pattern within the site area failed to reveal the existence of an historic or prehistoric occupation at the locus. This interpretation was confirmed by archival research which indicated that the property remained undeveloped (although partially disturbed by gas pipeline and sewer line construction) throughout its history, although the area surrounding the project lands witnessed intense development and growth. Historic artifacts recovered from all of the shovel test pits consisted entirely of late 20th-century glass, metal, brick fragments, etc. associated with numerous dumping episodes across the property which were scattered by off-road vehicle and trail bike traffic. Based on the information retrieved from the shovel test pits, it was determined that the Gwin site is non-culturally significant and no further work is recommended. Two undisturbed areas within the project parcel considered to have moderate archaeological potential were also shovel tested with negative results. Since the project will have no impact on any archaeological resources, no further work is recommended.
This report contains the results of Phase I and II Cultural Resources' investigations conducted f... more This report contains the results of Phase I and II Cultural Resources' investigations conducted for a 15.3 hectare (37.8 acre) parcel of land proposed for the Parkway Plaza Retail Center, located in Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A literature search, an informant study, and an archaeological field study were conducted between September and October 1993 by NPW Consultants, Inc., Uniontown, Pennsylvania, for the proposed project site which lies entirely within the Pittsburgh Plateau Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. As a result of the survey, the presence within the parcel of one previously recorded prehistoric archaeological site was confirmed; in addition, three small prehistoric archaeological sites and one widely dispersed scatter of historic artifacts were identified. To expedite the project, Phase II Testing was performed at all of the sites. The testing methodology at all of the sites involved mechanical stripping of the topsoil from each site. As a result of the Phase I Survey and Phase II Testing of the sites at the Parkway Plaza Retail Center site, it was determined that none of the prehistoric sites were significant. At each component the limits of the sites were established and the horizontal and vertical distribution of the artifacts was studied. Horizontally, all of the artifacts at each site were thinly and widely scattered and vertically they were not dense. Mechanical stripping of 25-100 percent of the sites' surfaces revealed that none of the sites had any cultural integrity in the way of cultural features. Each of the sites appears to represent a limited-use camp for hunting, tool maintenance, or food resource procurement which was established adjacent to a springhead/drainage near a major drainage for the Ohio River. The data recovered from the study add significantly to the regional archaeological data base, but none of the sites would appear to contain any new data which could be recovered by further research.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Cultural Resources' Survey of an area which will be... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Cultural Resources' Survey of an area which will be disturbed by the construction of the Pennsylvania Route 166 bridge replacement located in the community of New Geneva, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Previous cultural resources' work conducted in the project area associated with the proposed construction of the Gray's Landing Lock and Dam by GAi Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania, also confirmed that archaeological remains associated with the New Geneva Pottery works (36FA91) were situated adjacent to the current project area. Five 1 X 1 meter test units were excavated by NPW within the project locus. One of the units contained thousands of salt glazed stoneware sherds, kiln furniture, and brick revealing that a portion of the locus along the terrace of Georges Creek was used to dump kiln waste during the third quarter of the 19th century. The study revealed that the limits of Site 36FA91 actually extend beyond its originally defined site boundaries. In addition, the deposits appear to be stratigraphically segregated and undisturbed and may actually be a part of a large feature associated with a series of dumping episodes during a period of time when the New Geneva Potteries were in operation. Therefore, based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the portion of the site situated within the project boundaries be subjected to Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine its physical limits, integrity, and whether or not the site culturally significant and is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
This report contains the results of Phase Ill Archaeological Data Recovery investigations conduct... more This report contains the results of Phase Ill Archaeological Data Recovery investigations conducted in October 1989, at Site 36WM278, situated on an expansive level terrace along Stony Run in Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and within an area for which M.B. Energy, Spangler, Pennsylvania, has applied for a surface mining permit. The site lies within the Pittsburgh Plateau section of the Appalachian Physiographic Province. The Data Recovery methodology consisted of the mechanical stripping of the plowzone soil in block units where artifact concentrations, features, and dispersed artifacts were identified during Phase II Testing at the site. In addition to the 7 features which were identified during the Phase II Testing, 17 cultural features were identified and excavated during the Phase Ill study. The separated macro and micro remains from the features were analyzed for subsistence data (from floral remains), and charcoal found within the features representing various tree and plant species was studied to examine natural resource procurement and utilization patterns. Based on radiocarbon dates obtained from cultural features at the site, the resource is a large, multicomponent site which represents occupation of the terrace during Late Archaic and early Late Woodland times. The features were interpreted by using various types of information including pit contents, feature morphology, ethnobotanical data, and ethnohistorical information to evaluate the site's function, possible community patterning, and, within a limited context, its relationship to other similar sites. Finally, the quality of data resulting from the study of the features is discussed in terms of future research at similar sites.
Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with context... more Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with contextual data and discussed in terms of cultural affiliation by county, physiographic province, Maryland Archeological Research Units, and research goals. Each dated archeological site is briefly described, and applicable methodology and reliability of radiocarbon dating is discussed. Areas and periods in Maryland where additional radiocarbon dates would be useful are noted.
In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for th... more In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the Frederick County Department of Public Works for proposed improvements for New Design Road and Bridge. The work was accomplished by conducting literature research, a visual inspection, surface collection, and subsurface testing for the project corridor. The purpose of the archaeological reconnaissance was to locate and, if possible, evaluate any sites for inclusion to the NRHP. The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor. As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register. The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717. Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
This transmittal describes the findings resulting from a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted ... more This transmittal describes the findings resulting from a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted for the proposed Harmony Road Bridge (Number 16-24) replacement over Little Catoctin Creek in Frederick County, Maryland. Shovel testing within the project right-of-way, which is located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 18, failed to reveal any prehistoric and/or historic cultural material. Several historic disturbances along with the narrow linear corridor may have mitigated the chances for finding any intact cultural resources, although the area was considered to have moderate to high archaeological potential. Based on the results, no additional archaeological work is warranted for the project.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted withi... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted within a portion of the Moore Farm property proposed for the construction of a residence and barn. The project is located near the town of Cearfoss, Washington County, Maryland. Within the parcel of land proposed for the structures, an Amerindian archaeological site (18WA 164) had been recorded by R. Michael Stewart {1980) during his archaeological research in the Hagerstown Valley. The site, which had been documented via informant interview, had not been field checked at the time of his survey. Because the Maryland Historical Trust had accepted a gift of a perpetual preservation easement on the property, a Phase I Archaeological Survey was conducted to investigate the exact location of the site, its aerial extent, and to determine if the site would be disturbed by the planned construction. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site· was located in relict farm fields containing various grasses, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and examination of groundhog backdirt piles. Testing was limited within the parcel to only those loci which would be impacted by the proposed structures. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca . .49 hectare (1.2 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the property. Limited shovel testing was also conducted along an existing farm road proposed as a driveway. As a result of the survey, only one black chert secondary flake was recovered from a shovel test pit excavated within the sited dwelling location. No additional artifacts were recovered which would suggest that the site was located within the area of proposed construction. It is postulated that the previously recorded site is most likely situated outside the project boundaries and along a small bench located immediately south of the project location and nearer the confluence of Tom's Run and its unnamed tributary. Therefore, based on the results of the survey, no additional work is recommended for the project. However, it is recommended that the proposed construction activities be limited to those tested areas.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a ca. 4.0 hectare (10.0 ac... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a ca. 4.0 hectare (10.0 acre) parcel of land, proposed for the Tolchester Wastewater Treatment Plant, located near the town of Fairle.e, Kent County, Maryland. Physiographically, the proposed parcel of land is located in the Fairlee Creek drainage, within the Eastern Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and within Maryland Archeological Research Unit 5. The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing on a 20 meter grid pattern in the grassy and wooded sections of the property as well as shovel testing. and surface reconnaissance in previously cultivated fields where ground visibility varied from 50-90%. As a result of the survey no cultural resources were found within the project boundaries. Although numerous small brick fragments were recovered, they were found widely scattered across the tested property and, as a result, were not considered to be representative of an archaeological site. Also recovered were three widely scattered, non-diagnostic prehistoric artifacts which are interpreted as the possible residual remains associated with a previously recorded archaeological site situated north of the project boundaries. The material may also represent aboriginal movement across or use of the project lands. During a pedestrian survey of the project environs, a dense concentration of brick fragments and historic artifacts representing the late 18th and/or early 19th centuries was found. The cultural material was recorded as Site 18KE342. Since this site is located approximately 30.5 meters (100 feet) from the western project boundary, it will not be impacted by the proposed project. However, it has been flagged to prevent it from being inadvertently impacted during the proposed construction. No additional cultural resources work is recommended within the project boundaries.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a 8.3 hectare (20.5 acre) ... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a 8.3 hectare (20.5 acre) parcel of land proposed for the Montgomery County Public Schools, Northeast Area High School, located near the town of Cloverly, Montgomery County, Maryland. A literature search and an archaeological· field study consisting entirely of controlled surface collection of the parcel which was plowed and disked and contained excellent ground visibility was conducted in June 1996. The project, which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province, is within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 12. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. A corn crib, bank barn and foundation of an earlier barn are located within the project parcel which are components of the nearby historic Pleasant View Farm. Although these elements will not be impacted by the proposed project, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around these elements to protect them from being inadvertently impacted by construction-related activities. No additional archaeological work is recommended for the remainder of the project.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the undi... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the undisturbed portion of a proposed 52.6 hectare (130 acre) Washington County Solid Waste Department, Hagerstown, Maryland, Maietta Tract Rubble Landfill located near the town of Williamsport, Washington County, Maryland. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site was located in relict farm fields containing crop remnants, various grasses and dense scrub growth, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and surface collecting along access roads. Testing was limited within the parcel to only those sections not previously impacted, e.g., much of the project parcel had been quarried for topsoil and shale (ca. 36 hectares or 90 acres). In addition, approximately 8 hectares (20 acres) of the parcel was situated along the floodplains of Conococheague Creek and will not be affected by the project. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca. 10 hectare (24 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the project lands. As a result of the survey, one prehistoric archaeological site, situated outside the project boundaries, was identified during a general pedestrian survey of the area. However, the site, which consisted of lithic debitage, an Archaic projectile point, and a chert biface, found widely dispersed along a narrow strip of floodplain of the Conococheague Creek, will not be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the site. In addition, a 20th-century farmstead situated within the project lands is considered not to be culturally significant and it is not recommended for further study.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of four alternates proposed f... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of four alternates proposed for the Maryland Route 28/198 Connector, located in Montgomery County, Maryland. A literature search, an informant study, and an archaeological field study of the proposed highway corridors were conducted between November and December 1994 for the project which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 12. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. However, two historic archaeological sites, one previously identified domestic complex {18MO177) and one newly identified farmstead (18MO404), are located a short distance from two of the proposed alternates. Although they are outside of the proposed rights-of-way, both may be impacted by construction-related activities. Therefore, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around the sites to protect them from being inadvertently impacted. In the event that either of these sites will be directly impacted, they are recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine their cultural significance and National Register eligibility.
Summarized in this report are the findings of Phase II archaeological investigations which were c... more Summarized in this report are the findings of Phase II archaeological investigations which were conducted at one historic site (18CR235) located within a parcel of land near Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland and within the confines of the proposed Law Enforcement Driver Training Facility for the Police and Correctional Training Commission, an agency of the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. An archaeological field study of the site was conducted in June 1996 for the project which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 14. Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site yielded historic period artifacts which are representative of a mid to late 18th century occupation. The property on which the site is located was owned at one time by the family of Frank Brown, Maryland's governor between 1892-1896. Four in situ 18th-century architectural features (mostly foundation remains) and another feature interpreted as a possible privy or trash midden were found on a level hilltop overlooking Piney Run and, as a result, the site was determined to be culturally significant and eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Based on the Phase II study, if this site cannot be avoided, it is recommended for Phase Ill Data Recovery to mitigate the impacts to the site.
Phase II Archaeological Testing of the Pleasantview site (Site 10A), located along a ridgetop in ... more Phase II Archaeological Testing of the Pleasantview site (Site 10A), located along a ridgetop in Grant Township, Wetzel County, West Virginia, and within the proposed CNG Transmission Corporation pipeline TL-492, revealed that the site represented a single-component Archaic Period aboriginal occupation. According to radiocarbon dates obtained from a single hearth feature, the occupation took place between 2,270-1,990 B.C. A homogeneous assemblage of projectile points was recovered during the investigations along with chipped as well as ground and pecked stone tools. Botanical remains found within the hearth along with the other recovered cultural material indicated that the site functioned as an upland campsite where various extractive and tool maintenance tasks took place. Although the site provided new and important information to an otherwise sparse regional prehistoric data base regarding Archaic settlement patterns, no additional work is recommended because it is believed that the site was sufficiently studied in terms of the data recovered. Additional excavation is not likely to yield new cultural data.
This report contains the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 55 acre parc... more This report contains the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 55 acre parcel of land proposed for the Java History Trail and new educational facility located' within the boundaries of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (a research facility of the Smithsonian Institution) near the town of Edgewater, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Although the 3 meter (10 feet) wide trail was designed to traverse a small section of the Center's lands, the entire 55 parcel was surveyed for archaeological sites which may be impacted by the trail as well as sites within its viewing distance which could be incorporated into the public history interpretive program at the Center. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interview, an evaluation of the artifacts housed at the Center from previous surveys, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology involved shovel testing and a visual examination of the banks along the Rhode River. The background research revealed that a portion of the area had previously been surveyed by Henry Wright {1968) and that three prehistoric shell middens were recorded (18AN284, 18AN285, and 18AN286) within the area of the proposed trail. Shovel testing in the area of the sites to determine their extent and condition revealed that sites 18AN284 and 18AN285 are actually one large shell midden/village which extends over a 2.0 acre area. The site will be impacted by the proposed trail and educational facility, and avoidance is recommended. Site 18AN286 is also in the way of the trail and is also recommended for avoidance. One additional prehistoric shell midden site (18AN741) was located along a small terrace of Fox Point. This site will not be impacted by the trail but will be in view of it. Four late 19th century-early 20th century historic archaeological sites were found within site of the trail: 18AN736 represents the remnants of the Robert Forrest residence, located near the Center's main building complex; site 18AN737 represents Forrest's summer cottage; and site 18AN739 may be the remnants of a barn and outbuilding complex associated with the dairy farm Forrest operated when he owned the land. Site 18AN740 represents the residual remains of a structure noted on late 19th century local maps.
One additional historic site, located outside of the project boundary but within view of the Trail, 18AN738, represents the remains of a wharf which, according to historic records, existed in the area from the mid 18th century to the mid 20th century. The wharf was used to ship produce to market during its early history, and later served as a steamboat landing. Artifacts housed at the Center from Wright's survey of the property (1968) and excavations at site 18AN285 (1969) were not located and therefore could not be examined during the present project. However, it is recommended that a search continue for them. In the event that they are located, they will be evaluated and the results will be presented in a separate report. One alternative design for the Java History Trail and educational facility is offered which will avoid the sites and one archaeologically sensitive area. However, other alternatives are possible in areas determined during the survey to not contain archaeological sites. If avoidance is impossible, then sites 18AN284/85 and 18AN286 are recommended for Preliminary Site Examination to assess their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Finally, the report presents recommendations for the development and management of the sites within the project area and discusses their interpretive potential (along with sites surrounding the project area) within the themes established in the Maryland Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan.
An 18th century grist mill located within the Gunpowder Falls State Park proposed for adaptive re... more An 18th century grist mill located within the Gunpowder Falls State Park proposed for adaptive reuse as the Department of Natural Resources, Park and Wildlife Service headquarters, was tested as part of a multi-step stabilization and renovation process. The Jerusalem Mill is part of a complex of significant historic structures representing early industrial development along the Little Gunpowder Falls River in Harford County, Maryland and is included in the Maryland Historic Sites Inventory (HA-433). The mill site is also planned to serve as an historic interpretive facility for visitors utilizing the park. Preliminary testing was conducted to evaluate the basic method of construction of the mill as well as to determine the extent of damage done to the foundation caused by dumping when the mill race was filled in after its closing. Four test pits were excavated by backhoe (followed by hand excavation) in and around the mill. One test pit placed within the mill race nearest Jerusalem Road revealed that episodes of modernization at the mill had destroyed any early components associated with this feature. A second machine dug test pit placed where the mill race entered the mill also revealed that the east wall of the raceway had been destroyed by the weight of the fill and had severely impacted the stability of the west wall. A third machine dug test pit placed at the southeastern corner of the mill revealed a stepped stone foundation with no other associated features. Finally, one hand-dug test pit placed inside the building failed to locate any archaeological features or artifacts associated with the building. Since the mill had operated continuously from 1772 until 1961, archaeological remains consisted only of an admixture of recent historic material. Any archaeological features relating to its early operation had been obliterated from various changes made to update the mill throughout its history. Data obtained from test pit excavations at the Jerusalem Mill exemplify its continued use throughout its history. However an opportunity was provided during the preliminary stage of renovation of the mill to examine its subsurface construction.
Presented in this report are the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Carriage Estat... more Presented in this report are the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Carriage Estates Subdivision proposed for residential development in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, The project area lies within the Western Shore subdivision of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and is within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 7. The survey methodology involved background research, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing moderate to high potential areas on a 15 meter grid pattern within the more level portions of the property as well as surface collection of ground exposed areas across the entire property. As the result of the survey, three prehistoric archaeological sites were identified as well as the archaeological remains of two historic cultural resources. One of the historic sites {18AN1057) consists of 18th-century domestic and architectural artifacts suggesting that an early occupation took place within the property. It has been determined by Washington Homes, Inc., that this site can be avoided. Nineteenth-century domestic artifacts were also recovered along the· surface and within shovel test pits near the development entrance which may represent the residual remains of the John Claggett residence noted on 19- century historic maps {18AN1056). None of the artifacts were found in any meaningful concentrations indicative of outbuilding locations or activity areas. This site does not appear to have integrity within the proposed development area because of disturbances from road grading and it is not recommended for additional work. The three prehistoric archaeological sites {18AN1053, 18AN1054, and 18AN1055) yielded sparse amounts of debitage and most likely represent short term encampments. In addition, two of these sites {18AN1053 and 18AN1054) may have been partially impacted by road grading and perk testing; Site 18AN1055 is located near the project boundaries and will not be impacted by the current project. Therefore, because the prehistoric sites are small in size and because they may lack integrity, none of these sites are recommended for additional work.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Shipley's Retreat Subd... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Shipley's Retreat Subdivision (Pumphrey II Property); the project is located near the town of Millersville, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Physiographically, the proposed parcel of land is located in the Severn River drainage (Council tor Maryland Archeology Research Unit 7) and within the Western Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance consisting of shovel testing areas of archaeological potential within the wooded parcel. As a result of the survey, one prehistoric Amerindian site (18AN1052) was identified within the project parcel. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered in various soils' layers at the site, it was recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing. To expedite the cultural resource clearance of the project, it was agreed that Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site be conducted immediately and that the results be incorporated into one report. The Phase II Testing revealed that the site was confined to the disturbed plowzone and represented one or more temporary campsites; at least one occupation is assigned to the Early Woodland Period based on the presence of a quartz Piscataway projectile point and Marcey Creek ceramic sherds. Artifacts recovered from the sandy soil layers beneath the plowzone were determined to have been carried by bioturbation. As a result, the site was determined to possess no integrity. Since no cultural features were exposed and few diagnostic artifacts were recovered for establishing cultural affiliation or temporal position, no further work is recommended for this project.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the WHA Property, a parcel... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the WHA Property, a parcel of land proposed for the Crofton Colony residential development project, located near the towns of Millersville, Crofton, and Crownsville in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The proposed project is situated in the headwater region of the Patuxent River drainage (Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 8) and in the Western Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The Phase I Archaeological Survey of the property, which consisted of shovel testing in loci within the wooded parcel resulted in the identification of eight prehistoric archaeological sites (18AN1104-18AN1111) which all yielded varying amounts of artifacts. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered from two of the sites (l8AN1105 and 18AN1111 ), Phase II Archaeological Testing was conducted at these sites to determine if they were culturally significant. As a result of the Phase II Testing, the sites were determined to be small temporary campsites which may be associated with larger multicomponent sites located a short distance to the west. However, other than eroded pottery, no diagnostic material was recovered making it difficult to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological placement of the sites. As a result of the study, no additional cultural resources' work is recommended. For the remainder of the project parcel, no further work is recommended.
This report contains the combined results of a Phase I Cultural Resources survey and Phase II Arc... more This report contains the combined results of a Phase I Cultural Resources survey and Phase II Archaeological Testing of an aboriginal archaeological site found during the survey of the CNG Transmission Corporation Tuscarora Measuring and Regulating Station site located near the town of Tuscarora, Frederick County, Maryland. The 1.2 hectare (3 acre) parcel of land is located on a hilltop and within a triangle of land situated between Nolands Ferry Road, Maryland Route 28, and New Design Road. Phase I Survey of the project area conducted on April 4, 1988, yielded evidence that a prehistoric archaeological site (18FR615) existed on the project land. Surface collection within the 1.2 hectare tract yielded 16 rhyolite and quartz flakes, but poor ground visibility prevented further testing to determine the extent of the site. Piece plotting of artifacts in the project boundaries after the area had been plowed and disked yielded 65 additional artifacts. Diagnostic artifacts indicated that the site was occupied during the Middle to Late Archaic time periods. Artifact concentrations revealed that the site extended beyond the project area. The site was recommended for Phase II Testing because it was determined that in situ cultural features could possibly exist within the boundaries of the project. Because of construction scheduling deadlines, the usual Phase I review process was circumvented in an agreement between CNG officials and Maryland Historical Trust staff. Phase II Testing of Site 18FR615 was conducted from May 27 to June 4, 1988. Mechanical stripping of 8 trenches, which accounted for testing 20% of the site, yielded 12 cultural features, all concentrated within the northeastern portion of the project boundaries. As a result of the Phase II Testing, a redesign of the proposed facilities was undertaken to avoid the portion of the site within the project boundaries, and at a second meeting between NPW personnel and the Trust staff on June 17, 1988, at the Trust office, the new station design plan was presented and the project was cleared. Phase II Testing of site 18FR615 yielded significant information (in the form of intact cultural features) regarding prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns in the Monocacy River region of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. Although the site will not be impacted by construction, it has been interpreted as being eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and is recommended for protection from any future ground altering projects.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Rec... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon the results of a Preliminary Archaeological Reconnaissance of a 4.2 hectare (10.5 acre) parcel of land proposed for an expansion of the Carroll Park Golf Course located in Baltimore, Maryland. The report also details the results of Phase II Testing of a previously recorded site (18BC34) located within the proposed project parcel. Shovel testing on a five-meter grid pattern within the site area failed to reveal the existence of an historic or prehistoric occupation at the locus. This interpretation was confirmed by archival research which indicated that the property remained undeveloped (although partially disturbed by gas pipeline and sewer line construction) throughout its history, although the area surrounding the project lands witnessed intense development and growth. Historic artifacts recovered from all of the shovel test pits consisted entirely of late 20th-century glass, metal, brick fragments, etc. associated with numerous dumping episodes across the property which were scattered by off-road vehicle and trail bike traffic. Based on the information retrieved from the shovel test pits, it was determined that the Gwin site is non-culturally significant and no further work is recommended. Two undisturbed areas within the project parcel considered to have moderate archaeological potential were also shovel tested with negative results. Since the project will have no impact on any archaeological resources, no further work is recommended.
This report contains the results of Phase I and II Cultural Resources' investigations conducted f... more This report contains the results of Phase I and II Cultural Resources' investigations conducted for a 15.3 hectare (37.8 acre) parcel of land proposed for the Parkway Plaza Retail Center, located in Moon Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A literature search, an informant study, and an archaeological field study were conducted between September and October 1993 by NPW Consultants, Inc., Uniontown, Pennsylvania, for the proposed project site which lies entirely within the Pittsburgh Plateau Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. As a result of the survey, the presence within the parcel of one previously recorded prehistoric archaeological site was confirmed; in addition, three small prehistoric archaeological sites and one widely dispersed scatter of historic artifacts were identified. To expedite the project, Phase II Testing was performed at all of the sites. The testing methodology at all of the sites involved mechanical stripping of the topsoil from each site. As a result of the Phase I Survey and Phase II Testing of the sites at the Parkway Plaza Retail Center site, it was determined that none of the prehistoric sites were significant. At each component the limits of the sites were established and the horizontal and vertical distribution of the artifacts was studied. Horizontally, all of the artifacts at each site were thinly and widely scattered and vertically they were not dense. Mechanical stripping of 25-100 percent of the sites' surfaces revealed that none of the sites had any cultural integrity in the way of cultural features. Each of the sites appears to represent a limited-use camp for hunting, tool maintenance, or food resource procurement which was established adjacent to a springhead/drainage near a major drainage for the Ohio River. The data recovered from the study add significantly to the regional archaeological data base, but none of the sites would appear to contain any new data which could be recovered by further research.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Cultural Resources' Survey of an area which will be... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Cultural Resources' Survey of an area which will be disturbed by the construction of the Pennsylvania Route 166 bridge replacement located in the community of New Geneva, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Previous cultural resources' work conducted in the project area associated with the proposed construction of the Gray's Landing Lock and Dam by GAi Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania, also confirmed that archaeological remains associated with the New Geneva Pottery works (36FA91) were situated adjacent to the current project area. Five 1 X 1 meter test units were excavated by NPW within the project locus. One of the units contained thousands of salt glazed stoneware sherds, kiln furniture, and brick revealing that a portion of the locus along the terrace of Georges Creek was used to dump kiln waste during the third quarter of the 19th century. The study revealed that the limits of Site 36FA91 actually extend beyond its originally defined site boundaries. In addition, the deposits appear to be stratigraphically segregated and undisturbed and may actually be a part of a large feature associated with a series of dumping episodes during a period of time when the New Geneva Potteries were in operation. Therefore, based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the portion of the site situated within the project boundaries be subjected to Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine its physical limits, integrity, and whether or not the site culturally significant and is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
This report contains the results of Phase Ill Archaeological Data Recovery investigations conduct... more This report contains the results of Phase Ill Archaeological Data Recovery investigations conducted in October 1989, at Site 36WM278, situated on an expansive level terrace along Stony Run in Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and within an area for which M.B. Energy, Spangler, Pennsylvania, has applied for a surface mining permit. The site lies within the Pittsburgh Plateau section of the Appalachian Physiographic Province. The Data Recovery methodology consisted of the mechanical stripping of the plowzone soil in block units where artifact concentrations, features, and dispersed artifacts were identified during Phase II Testing at the site. In addition to the 7 features which were identified during the Phase II Testing, 17 cultural features were identified and excavated during the Phase Ill study. The separated macro and micro remains from the features were analyzed for subsistence data (from floral remains), and charcoal found within the features representing various tree and plant species was studied to examine natural resource procurement and utilization patterns. Based on radiocarbon dates obtained from cultural features at the site, the resource is a large, multicomponent site which represents occupation of the terrace during Late Archaic and early Late Woodland times. The features were interpreted by using various types of information including pit contents, feature morphology, ethnobotanical data, and ethnohistorical information to evaluate the site's function, possible community patterning, and, within a limited context, its relationship to other similar sites. Finally, the quality of data resulting from the study of the features is discussed in terms of future research at similar sites.
Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with context... more Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with contextual data and discussed in terms of cultural affiliation by county, physiographic province, Maryland Archeological Research Units, and research goals. Each dated archeological site is briefly described, and applicable methodology and reliability of radiocarbon dating is discussed. Areas and periods in Maryland where additional radiocarbon dates would be useful are noted.
In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for th... more In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the Frederick County Department of Public Works for proposed improvements for New Design Road and Bridge. The work was accomplished by conducting literature research, a visual inspection, surface collection, and subsurface testing for the project corridor. The purpose of the archaeological reconnaissance was to locate and, if possible, evaluate any sites for inclusion to the NRHP. The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor. As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register. The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717. Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
This transmittal describes the findings resulting from a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted ... more This transmittal describes the findings resulting from a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted for the proposed Harmony Road Bridge (Number 16-24) replacement over Little Catoctin Creek in Frederick County, Maryland. Shovel testing within the project right-of-way, which is located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 18, failed to reveal any prehistoric and/or historic cultural material. Several historic disturbances along with the narrow linear corridor may have mitigated the chances for finding any intact cultural resources, although the area was considered to have moderate to high archaeological potential. Based on the results, no additional archaeological work is warranted for the project.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted withi... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Archaeological Survey conducted within a portion of the Moore Farm property proposed for the construction of a residence and barn. The project is located near the town of Cearfoss, Washington County, Maryland. Within the parcel of land proposed for the structures, an Amerindian archaeological site (18WA 164) had been recorded by R. Michael Stewart {1980) during his archaeological research in the Hagerstown Valley. The site, which had been documented via informant interview, had not been field checked at the time of his survey. Because the Maryland Historical Trust had accepted a gift of a perpetual preservation easement on the property, a Phase I Archaeological Survey was conducted to investigate the exact location of the site, its aerial extent, and to determine if the site would be disturbed by the planned construction. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site· was located in relict farm fields containing various grasses, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and examination of groundhog backdirt piles. Testing was limited within the parcel to only those loci which would be impacted by the proposed structures. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca . .49 hectare (1.2 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the property. Limited shovel testing was also conducted along an existing farm road proposed as a driveway. As a result of the survey, only one black chert secondary flake was recovered from a shovel test pit excavated within the sited dwelling location. No additional artifacts were recovered which would suggest that the site was located within the area of proposed construction. It is postulated that the previously recorded site is most likely situated outside the project boundaries and along a small bench located immediately south of the project location and nearer the confluence of Tom's Run and its unnamed tributary. Therefore, based on the results of the survey, no additional work is recommended for the project. However, it is recommended that the proposed construction activities be limited to those tested areas.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a ca. 4.0 hectare (10.0 ac... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a ca. 4.0 hectare (10.0 acre) parcel of land, proposed for the Tolchester Wastewater Treatment Plant, located near the town of Fairle.e, Kent County, Maryland. Physiographically, the proposed parcel of land is located in the Fairlee Creek drainage, within the Eastern Shore subdivision of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and within Maryland Archeological Research Unit 5. The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing on a 20 meter grid pattern in the grassy and wooded sections of the property as well as shovel testing. and surface reconnaissance in previously cultivated fields where ground visibility varied from 50-90%. As a result of the survey no cultural resources were found within the project boundaries. Although numerous small brick fragments were recovered, they were found widely scattered across the tested property and, as a result, were not considered to be representative of an archaeological site. Also recovered were three widely scattered, non-diagnostic prehistoric artifacts which are interpreted as the possible residual remains associated with a previously recorded archaeological site situated north of the project boundaries. The material may also represent aboriginal movement across or use of the project lands. During a pedestrian survey of the project environs, a dense concentration of brick fragments and historic artifacts representing the late 18th and/or early 19th centuries was found. The cultural material was recorded as Site 18KE342. Since this site is located approximately 30.5 meters (100 feet) from the western project boundary, it will not be impacted by the proposed project. However, it has been flagged to prevent it from being inadvertently impacted during the proposed construction. No additional cultural resources work is recommended within the project boundaries.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a 8.3 hectare (20.5 acre) ... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of a 8.3 hectare (20.5 acre) parcel of land proposed for the Montgomery County Public Schools, Northeast Area High School, located near the town of Cloverly, Montgomery County, Maryland. A literature search and an archaeological· field study consisting entirely of controlled surface collection of the parcel which was plowed and disked and contained excellent ground visibility was conducted in June 1996. The project, which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province, is within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 12. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. A corn crib, bank barn and foundation of an earlier barn are located within the project parcel which are components of the nearby historic Pleasant View Farm. Although these elements will not be impacted by the proposed project, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around these elements to protect them from being inadvertently impacted by construction-related activities. No additional archaeological work is recommended for the remainder of the project.
The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the undi... more The purpose of this transmittal is to report upon a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the undisturbed portion of a proposed 52.6 hectare (130 acre) Washington County Solid Waste Department, Hagerstown, Maryland, Maietta Tract Rubble Landfill located near the town of Williamsport, Washington County, Maryland. The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site was located in relict farm fields containing crop remnants, various grasses and dense scrub growth, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and surface collecting along access roads. Testing was limited within the parcel to only those sections not previously impacted, e.g., much of the project parcel had been quarried for topsoil and shale (ca. 36 hectares or 90 acres). In addition, approximately 8 hectares (20 acres) of the parcel was situated along the floodplains of Conococheague Creek and will not be affected by the project. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca. 10 hectare (24 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the project lands. As a result of the survey, one prehistoric archaeological site, situated outside the project boundaries, was identified during a general pedestrian survey of the area. However, the site, which consisted of lithic debitage, an Archaic projectile point, and a chert biface, found widely dispersed along a narrow strip of floodplain of the Conococheague Creek, will not be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the site. In addition, a 20th-century farmstead situated within the project lands is considered not to be culturally significant and it is not recommended for further study.
This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of four alternates proposed f... more This report contains the results of a Phase I Archaeological Survey of four alternates proposed for the Maryland Route 28/198 Connector, located in Montgomery County, Maryland. A literature search, an informant study, and an archaeological field study of the proposed highway corridors were conducted between November and December 1994 for the project which lies entirely within the Eastern Division of the Piedmont Physiographic Province and within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 12. As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. However, two historic archaeological sites, one previously identified domestic complex {18MO177) and one newly identified farmstead (18MO404), are located a short distance from two of the proposed alternates. Although they are outside of the proposed rights-of-way, both may be impacted by construction-related activities. Therefore, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around the sites to protect them from being inadvertently impacted. In the event that either of these sites will be directly impacted, they are recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine their cultural significance and National Register eligibility.
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Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site yielded historic period artifacts which are representative of a mid to late 18th century occupation. The property on which the site is located was owned at one time by the family of Frank Brown, Maryland's governor between 1892-1896. Four in situ 18th-century architectural features (mostly foundation remains) and another feature interpreted as a possible privy or trash midden were found on a level hilltop overlooking Piney Run and, as a result, the site was determined to be culturally significant and eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Based on the Phase II study, if this site cannot be avoided, it is recommended for Phase Ill Data Recovery to mitigate the impacts to the site.
A homogeneous assemblage of projectile points was recovered during the investigations along with chipped as well as ground and pecked stone tools. Botanical remains found within the hearth along with the other recovered cultural material indicated that the site functioned as an upland campsite where various extractive and tool maintenance tasks took place.
Although the site provided new and important information to an otherwise sparse regional prehistoric data base regarding Archaic settlement patterns, no additional work is recommended because it is believed that the site was sufficiently studied in terms of the data recovered. Additional excavation is not likely to yield new cultural data.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interview, an evaluation of the artifacts housed at the Center from previous surveys, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology involved shovel testing and a visual examination of the banks along the Rhode River.
The background research revealed that a portion of the area had previously been surveyed by Henry Wright {1968) and that three prehistoric shell middens were recorded (18AN284, 18AN285, and 18AN286) within the area of the proposed trail. Shovel testing in the area of the sites to determine their extent and condition revealed that sites 18AN284 and 18AN285 are actually one large shell midden/village which extends over a 2.0 acre area. The site will be impacted by the proposed trail and educational facility, and avoidance is recommended. Site 18AN286 is also in the way of the trail and is also recommended for avoidance. One additional prehistoric shell midden site (18AN741) was located along a small terrace of Fox Point. This site will not be impacted by the trail but will be in view of it.
Four late 19th century-early 20th century historic archaeological sites were found within site of the trail: 18AN736 represents the remnants of the Robert Forrest residence, located near the Center's main building complex; site 18AN737 represents Forrest's summer cottage; and site 18AN739 may be the remnants of a barn and outbuilding complex associated with the dairy farm Forrest operated when he owned the land. Site 18AN740 represents the residual remains of a structure noted on late 19th century local maps.
One additional historic site, located outside of the project boundary but within view of the Trail, 18AN738, represents the remains of a wharf which, according to historic records, existed in the area from the mid 18th century to the mid 20th century. The wharf was used to ship produce to market during its early history, and later served as a steamboat landing.
Artifacts housed at the Center from Wright's survey of the property (1968) and excavations at site 18AN285 (1969) were not located and therefore could not be examined during the present project. However, it is recommended that a search continue for them. In the event that they are located, they will be evaluated and the results will be presented in a separate report.
One alternative design for the Java History Trail and educational facility is offered which will avoid the sites and one archaeologically sensitive area. However, other alternatives are possible in areas determined during the survey to not contain archaeological sites. If avoidance is impossible, then sites 18AN284/85 and 18AN286 are recommended for Preliminary Site Examination to assess their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Finally, the report presents recommendations for the development and management of the sites within the project area and discusses their interpretive potential (along with sites surrounding the project area) within the themes established in the Maryland Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan.
Preliminary testing was conducted to evaluate the basic method of construction of the mill as well as to determine the extent of damage done to the foundation caused by dumping when the mill race was filled in after its closing.
Four test pits were excavated by backhoe (followed by hand excavation) in and around the mill. One test pit placed within the mill race nearest Jerusalem Road revealed that episodes of modernization at the mill had destroyed any early components associated with this feature. A second machine dug test pit placed where the mill race entered the mill also revealed that the east wall of the raceway had been destroyed by the weight of the fill and had severely impacted the stability of the west wall. A third machine dug test pit placed at the southeastern corner of the mill revealed a stepped stone foundation with no other associated features. Finally, one hand-dug test pit placed inside the building failed to locate any archaeological features or artifacts associated with the building.
Since the mill had operated continuously from 1772 until 1961, archaeological remains consisted only of an admixture of recent historic material. Any archaeological features relating to its early operation had been obliterated from various changes made to update the mill throughout its history.
Data obtained from test pit excavations at the Jerusalem Mill exemplify its continued use throughout its history. However an opportunity was provided during the preliminary stage of renovation of the mill to examine its subsurface construction.
The survey methodology involved background research, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing moderate to high potential areas on a 15 meter grid pattern within the more level portions of the property as well as surface collection of ground exposed areas across the entire property.
As the result of the survey, three prehistoric archaeological sites were identified as well as the archaeological remains of two historic cultural resources. One of the historic sites {18AN1057) consists of 18th-century domestic and architectural artifacts suggesting that an early occupation took place within the property. It has been determined by Washington Homes, Inc., that this site can be avoided. Nineteenth-century domestic artifacts were also recovered along the· surface and within shovel test pits near the development entrance which may represent the residual remains of the John Claggett residence noted on 19- century historic maps {18AN1056). None of the artifacts were found in any meaningful concentrations indicative of outbuilding locations or activity areas. This site does not appear to have integrity within the proposed development area because of disturbances from road grading and it is not recommended for additional work. The three prehistoric archaeological sites {18AN1053, 18AN1054, and 18AN1055) yielded sparse amounts of debitage and most likely represent short term encampments. In addition, two of these sites {18AN1053 and 18AN1054) may have been partially impacted by road grading and perk testing; Site 18AN1055 is located near the project boundaries and will not be impacted by the current project. Therefore, because the prehistoric sites are small in size and because they may lack integrity, none of these sites are recommended for additional work.
The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance consisting of shovel testing areas of archaeological potential within the wooded parcel.
As a result of the survey, one prehistoric Amerindian site (18AN1052) was identified within the project parcel. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered in various soils' layers at the site, it was recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing. To expedite the cultural resource clearance of the project, it was agreed that Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site be conducted immediately and that the results be incorporated into one report.
The Phase II Testing revealed that the site was confined to the disturbed plowzone and represented one or more temporary campsites; at least one occupation is assigned to the Early Woodland Period based on the presence of a quartz Piscataway projectile point and Marcey Creek ceramic sherds. Artifacts recovered from the sandy soil layers beneath the plowzone were determined to have been carried by bioturbation. As a result, the site was determined to possess no integrity. Since no cultural features were exposed and few diagnostic artifacts were recovered for establishing cultural affiliation or temporal position, no further work is recommended for this project.
campsites which may be associated with larger multicomponent sites located a short distance to the west. However, other than eroded pottery, no diagnostic material was recovered making it difficult to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological placement of the sites. As a result of the study, no additional cultural resources' work is recommended. For the remainder of the project parcel, no further work is recommended.
Phase I Survey of the project area conducted on April 4, 1988, yielded evidence that a prehistoric archaeological site (18FR615) existed on the project land. Surface collection within the 1.2 hectare tract yielded 16 rhyolite and quartz flakes, but poor ground visibility prevented further testing to determine the extent of the site.
Piece plotting of artifacts in the project boundaries after the area had been plowed and disked yielded 65 additional artifacts. Diagnostic artifacts indicated that the site was occupied during the Middle to Late Archaic time periods. Artifact concentrations revealed that the site extended beyond the project area. The site was recommended for Phase II Testing because it was determined that in situ cultural features could possibly exist within the boundaries of the project.
Because of construction scheduling deadlines, the usual Phase I review process was circumvented in an agreement between CNG officials and Maryland Historical Trust staff. Phase II Testing of Site 18FR615 was conducted from May 27 to June 4, 1988. Mechanical stripping of 8 trenches, which accounted for testing 20% of the site, yielded 12 cultural features, all concentrated within the northeastern portion of the project boundaries.
As a result of the Phase II Testing, a redesign of the proposed facilities was undertaken to avoid the portion of the site within the project boundaries, and at a second meeting between NPW personnel and the Trust staff on June 17, 1988, at the Trust office, the new station design plan was presented and the project was cleared.
Phase II Testing of site 18FR615 yielded significant information (in the form of intact cultural features) regarding prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns in the Monocacy River region of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. Although the site will not be impacted by construction, it has been interpreted as being eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and is recommended for protection from any future ground altering projects.
Shovel testing on a five-meter grid pattern within the site area failed to reveal the existence of an historic or prehistoric occupation at the locus. This interpretation was confirmed by archival research which indicated that the property remained undeveloped (although partially disturbed by gas pipeline and sewer line construction) throughout its history, although the area surrounding the project lands witnessed intense development and growth. Historic artifacts recovered from all of the shovel test pits consisted entirely of late 20th-century glass, metal, brick fragments, etc. associated with numerous dumping episodes across the property which were scattered by off-road vehicle and trail bike traffic. Based on the information retrieved from the shovel test pits, it was determined that the Gwin site is non-culturally significant and no further work is recommended.
Two undisturbed areas within the project parcel considered to have moderate archaeological potential were also shovel tested with negative results. Since the project will have no impact on any archaeological resources, no further work is recommended.
As a result of the survey, the presence within the parcel of one previously recorded prehistoric archaeological site was confirmed; in addition, three small prehistoric archaeological sites and one widely dispersed scatter of historic artifacts were identified. To expedite the project, Phase II Testing was performed at all of the sites. The testing methodology at all of the sites involved mechanical stripping of the topsoil from each site.
As a result of the Phase I Survey and Phase II Testing of the sites at the Parkway Plaza Retail Center site, it was determined that none of the prehistoric sites were significant. At each component the limits of the sites were established and the horizontal and vertical distribution of the artifacts was studied. Horizontally, all of the artifacts at each site were thinly and widely scattered and vertically they were not dense. Mechanical stripping of 25-100 percent of the sites' surfaces revealed that none of the sites had any cultural integrity in the way of cultural features. Each of the sites appears to represent a limited-use camp for hunting, tool maintenance, or food resource procurement which was established adjacent to a springhead/drainage near a major drainage for the Ohio River. The data recovered from the study add significantly to the regional archaeological data base, but none of the sites would appear to contain any new data which could be recovered by further research.
Previous cultural resources' work conducted in the project area associated with the proposed construction of the Gray's Landing Lock and Dam by GAi Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania, also confirmed that archaeological remains associated with the New Geneva Pottery works (36FA91) were situated adjacent to the current project area. Five 1 X 1 meter test units were excavated by NPW within the project locus. One of the units contained thousands of salt glazed stoneware sherds, kiln furniture, and brick revealing that a portion of the locus along the terrace of Georges Creek was used to dump kiln waste during the third quarter of the 19th century. The study revealed that the limits of Site 36FA91 actually extend beyond its originally defined site boundaries. In addition, the deposits appear to be stratigraphically segregated and undisturbed and may actually be a part of a large feature associated with a series of dumping episodes during a period of time when the New Geneva Potteries were in operation.
Therefore, based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the portion of the site situated within the project boundaries be subjected to Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine its physical limits, integrity, and whether or not the site culturally significant and is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
The Data Recovery methodology consisted of the mechanical stripping of the plowzone soil in block units where artifact concentrations, features, and dispersed artifacts were identified during Phase II Testing at the site. In addition to the 7 features which were identified during the Phase II Testing, 17 cultural features were identified and excavated during the Phase Ill study. The separated macro and micro remains from the features were analyzed for subsistence data (from floral remains), and charcoal found within the features representing various tree and plant species was studied to examine natural resource procurement and utilization patterns.
Based on radiocarbon dates obtained from cultural features at the site, the resource is a large, multicomponent site which represents occupation of the terrace during Late Archaic and early Late Woodland times.
The features were interpreted by using various types of information including pit contents, feature morphology, ethnobotanical data, and ethnohistorical information to evaluate the site's function, possible community patterning, and, within a limited context, its relationship to other similar sites. Finally, the quality of data resulting from the study of the features is discussed in terms of future research at similar sites.
The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor.
As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register.
The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717.
Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site· was located in relict farm fields containing various grasses, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and examination of groundhog backdirt piles.
Testing was limited within the parcel to only those loci which would be impacted by the proposed structures. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca . .49 hectare (1.2 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the property. Limited shovel testing was also conducted along an existing farm road proposed as a driveway.
As a result of the survey, only one black chert secondary flake was recovered from a shovel test pit excavated within the sited dwelling location. No additional artifacts were recovered which would suggest that the site was located within the area of proposed construction. It is postulated that the previously recorded site is most likely situated outside the project boundaries and along a small bench located immediately south of the project location and nearer the confluence of Tom's Run and its unnamed tributary. Therefore, based on the results of the survey, no additional work is recommended for the project. However, it is recommended that the proposed construction activities be limited to those tested areas.
The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing on a 20 meter grid pattern in the grassy and wooded sections of the property as well as shovel testing. and surface reconnaissance in previously cultivated fields where ground visibility varied from 50-90%.
As a result of the survey no cultural resources were found within the project boundaries. Although numerous small brick fragments were recovered, they were found widely scattered across the tested property and, as a result, were not considered to be representative of an archaeological site. Also recovered were three widely scattered, non-diagnostic prehistoric artifacts which are interpreted as the possible residual remains associated with a previously recorded archaeological site situated north of the project boundaries. The material may also represent aboriginal movement across or use of the project lands.
During a pedestrian survey of the project environs, a dense concentration of brick fragments and historic artifacts representing the late 18th and/or early 19th centuries was found. The cultural material was recorded as Site 18KE342. Since this site is located approximately 30.5 meters (100 feet) from the western project boundary, it will not be impacted by the proposed project. However, it has been flagged to prevent it from being inadvertently impacted during the proposed construction. No additional cultural resources work is recommended within the project boundaries.
As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. A corn crib, bank barn and foundation of an earlier barn are located within the project parcel which are components of the nearby historic Pleasant View Farm. Although these elements will not be impacted by the proposed project, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around these elements to protect them from being inadvertently impacted by construction-related activities. No additional archaeological work is recommended for the remainder of the project.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site was located in relict farm fields containing crop remnants, various grasses and dense scrub growth, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and surface collecting along access roads.
Testing was limited within the parcel to only those sections not previously impacted, e.g., much of the project parcel had been quarried for topsoil and shale (ca. 36 hectares or 90 acres). In addition, approximately 8 hectares (20 acres) of the parcel was situated along the floodplains of Conococheague Creek and will not be affected by the project. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca. 10 hectare (24 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the project lands.
As a result of the survey, one prehistoric archaeological site, situated outside the project boundaries, was identified during a general pedestrian survey of the area. However, the site, which consisted of lithic debitage, an Archaic projectile point, and a chert biface, found widely dispersed along a narrow strip of floodplain of the Conococheague Creek, will not be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the site. In addition, a 20th-century farmstead situated within the project lands is considered not to be culturally significant and it is not recommended for further study.
As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. However, two historic archaeological sites, one previously identified domestic complex {18MO177) and one newly identified farmstead (18MO404), are located a short distance from two of the proposed alternates. Although they are outside of the proposed rights-of-way, both may be impacted by construction-related activities. Therefore, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around the sites to protect them from being inadvertently impacted. In the event that either of these sites will be directly impacted, they are recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine their cultural significance and National Register eligibility.
Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site yielded historic period artifacts which are representative of a mid to late 18th century occupation. The property on which the site is located was owned at one time by the family of Frank Brown, Maryland's governor between 1892-1896. Four in situ 18th-century architectural features (mostly foundation remains) and another feature interpreted as a possible privy or trash midden were found on a level hilltop overlooking Piney Run and, as a result, the site was determined to be culturally significant and eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Based on the Phase II study, if this site cannot be avoided, it is recommended for Phase Ill Data Recovery to mitigate the impacts to the site.
A homogeneous assemblage of projectile points was recovered during the investigations along with chipped as well as ground and pecked stone tools. Botanical remains found within the hearth along with the other recovered cultural material indicated that the site functioned as an upland campsite where various extractive and tool maintenance tasks took place.
Although the site provided new and important information to an otherwise sparse regional prehistoric data base regarding Archaic settlement patterns, no additional work is recommended because it is believed that the site was sufficiently studied in terms of the data recovered. Additional excavation is not likely to yield new cultural data.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interview, an evaluation of the artifacts housed at the Center from previous surveys, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology involved shovel testing and a visual examination of the banks along the Rhode River.
The background research revealed that a portion of the area had previously been surveyed by Henry Wright {1968) and that three prehistoric shell middens were recorded (18AN284, 18AN285, and 18AN286) within the area of the proposed trail. Shovel testing in the area of the sites to determine their extent and condition revealed that sites 18AN284 and 18AN285 are actually one large shell midden/village which extends over a 2.0 acre area. The site will be impacted by the proposed trail and educational facility, and avoidance is recommended. Site 18AN286 is also in the way of the trail and is also recommended for avoidance. One additional prehistoric shell midden site (18AN741) was located along a small terrace of Fox Point. This site will not be impacted by the trail but will be in view of it.
Four late 19th century-early 20th century historic archaeological sites were found within site of the trail: 18AN736 represents the remnants of the Robert Forrest residence, located near the Center's main building complex; site 18AN737 represents Forrest's summer cottage; and site 18AN739 may be the remnants of a barn and outbuilding complex associated with the dairy farm Forrest operated when he owned the land. Site 18AN740 represents the residual remains of a structure noted on late 19th century local maps.
One additional historic site, located outside of the project boundary but within view of the Trail, 18AN738, represents the remains of a wharf which, according to historic records, existed in the area from the mid 18th century to the mid 20th century. The wharf was used to ship produce to market during its early history, and later served as a steamboat landing.
Artifacts housed at the Center from Wright's survey of the property (1968) and excavations at site 18AN285 (1969) were not located and therefore could not be examined during the present project. However, it is recommended that a search continue for them. In the event that they are located, they will be evaluated and the results will be presented in a separate report.
One alternative design for the Java History Trail and educational facility is offered which will avoid the sites and one archaeologically sensitive area. However, other alternatives are possible in areas determined during the survey to not contain archaeological sites. If avoidance is impossible, then sites 18AN284/85 and 18AN286 are recommended for Preliminary Site Examination to assess their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Finally, the report presents recommendations for the development and management of the sites within the project area and discusses their interpretive potential (along with sites surrounding the project area) within the themes established in the Maryland Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan.
Preliminary testing was conducted to evaluate the basic method of construction of the mill as well as to determine the extent of damage done to the foundation caused by dumping when the mill race was filled in after its closing.
Four test pits were excavated by backhoe (followed by hand excavation) in and around the mill. One test pit placed within the mill race nearest Jerusalem Road revealed that episodes of modernization at the mill had destroyed any early components associated with this feature. A second machine dug test pit placed where the mill race entered the mill also revealed that the east wall of the raceway had been destroyed by the weight of the fill and had severely impacted the stability of the west wall. A third machine dug test pit placed at the southeastern corner of the mill revealed a stepped stone foundation with no other associated features. Finally, one hand-dug test pit placed inside the building failed to locate any archaeological features or artifacts associated with the building.
Since the mill had operated continuously from 1772 until 1961, archaeological remains consisted only of an admixture of recent historic material. Any archaeological features relating to its early operation had been obliterated from various changes made to update the mill throughout its history.
Data obtained from test pit excavations at the Jerusalem Mill exemplify its continued use throughout its history. However an opportunity was provided during the preliminary stage of renovation of the mill to examine its subsurface construction.
The survey methodology involved background research, field reconnaissance, and report preparation. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing moderate to high potential areas on a 15 meter grid pattern within the more level portions of the property as well as surface collection of ground exposed areas across the entire property.
As the result of the survey, three prehistoric archaeological sites were identified as well as the archaeological remains of two historic cultural resources. One of the historic sites {18AN1057) consists of 18th-century domestic and architectural artifacts suggesting that an early occupation took place within the property. It has been determined by Washington Homes, Inc., that this site can be avoided. Nineteenth-century domestic artifacts were also recovered along the· surface and within shovel test pits near the development entrance which may represent the residual remains of the John Claggett residence noted on 19- century historic maps {18AN1056). None of the artifacts were found in any meaningful concentrations indicative of outbuilding locations or activity areas. This site does not appear to have integrity within the proposed development area because of disturbances from road grading and it is not recommended for additional work. The three prehistoric archaeological sites {18AN1053, 18AN1054, and 18AN1055) yielded sparse amounts of debitage and most likely represent short term encampments. In addition, two of these sites {18AN1053 and 18AN1054) may have been partially impacted by road grading and perk testing; Site 18AN1055 is located near the project boundaries and will not be impacted by the current project. Therefore, because the prehistoric sites are small in size and because they may lack integrity, none of these sites are recommended for additional work.
The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance consisting of shovel testing areas of archaeological potential within the wooded parcel.
As a result of the survey, one prehistoric Amerindian site (18AN1052) was identified within the project parcel. Because of the numbers and types of artifacts recovered in various soils' layers at the site, it was recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing. To expedite the cultural resource clearance of the project, it was agreed that Phase II Archaeological Testing of the site be conducted immediately and that the results be incorporated into one report.
The Phase II Testing revealed that the site was confined to the disturbed plowzone and represented one or more temporary campsites; at least one occupation is assigned to the Early Woodland Period based on the presence of a quartz Piscataway projectile point and Marcey Creek ceramic sherds. Artifacts recovered from the sandy soil layers beneath the plowzone were determined to have been carried by bioturbation. As a result, the site was determined to possess no integrity. Since no cultural features were exposed and few diagnostic artifacts were recovered for establishing cultural affiliation or temporal position, no further work is recommended for this project.
campsites which may be associated with larger multicomponent sites located a short distance to the west. However, other than eroded pottery, no diagnostic material was recovered making it difficult to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological placement of the sites. As a result of the study, no additional cultural resources' work is recommended. For the remainder of the project parcel, no further work is recommended.
Phase I Survey of the project area conducted on April 4, 1988, yielded evidence that a prehistoric archaeological site (18FR615) existed on the project land. Surface collection within the 1.2 hectare tract yielded 16 rhyolite and quartz flakes, but poor ground visibility prevented further testing to determine the extent of the site.
Piece plotting of artifacts in the project boundaries after the area had been plowed and disked yielded 65 additional artifacts. Diagnostic artifacts indicated that the site was occupied during the Middle to Late Archaic time periods. Artifact concentrations revealed that the site extended beyond the project area. The site was recommended for Phase II Testing because it was determined that in situ cultural features could possibly exist within the boundaries of the project.
Because of construction scheduling deadlines, the usual Phase I review process was circumvented in an agreement between CNG officials and Maryland Historical Trust staff. Phase II Testing of Site 18FR615 was conducted from May 27 to June 4, 1988. Mechanical stripping of 8 trenches, which accounted for testing 20% of the site, yielded 12 cultural features, all concentrated within the northeastern portion of the project boundaries.
As a result of the Phase II Testing, a redesign of the proposed facilities was undertaken to avoid the portion of the site within the project boundaries, and at a second meeting between NPW personnel and the Trust staff on June 17, 1988, at the Trust office, the new station design plan was presented and the project was cleared.
Phase II Testing of site 18FR615 yielded significant information (in the form of intact cultural features) regarding prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns in the Monocacy River region of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. Although the site will not be impacted by construction, it has been interpreted as being eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and is recommended for protection from any future ground altering projects.
Shovel testing on a five-meter grid pattern within the site area failed to reveal the existence of an historic or prehistoric occupation at the locus. This interpretation was confirmed by archival research which indicated that the property remained undeveloped (although partially disturbed by gas pipeline and sewer line construction) throughout its history, although the area surrounding the project lands witnessed intense development and growth. Historic artifacts recovered from all of the shovel test pits consisted entirely of late 20th-century glass, metal, brick fragments, etc. associated with numerous dumping episodes across the property which were scattered by off-road vehicle and trail bike traffic. Based on the information retrieved from the shovel test pits, it was determined that the Gwin site is non-culturally significant and no further work is recommended.
Two undisturbed areas within the project parcel considered to have moderate archaeological potential were also shovel tested with negative results. Since the project will have no impact on any archaeological resources, no further work is recommended.
As a result of the survey, the presence within the parcel of one previously recorded prehistoric archaeological site was confirmed; in addition, three small prehistoric archaeological sites and one widely dispersed scatter of historic artifacts were identified. To expedite the project, Phase II Testing was performed at all of the sites. The testing methodology at all of the sites involved mechanical stripping of the topsoil from each site.
As a result of the Phase I Survey and Phase II Testing of the sites at the Parkway Plaza Retail Center site, it was determined that none of the prehistoric sites were significant. At each component the limits of the sites were established and the horizontal and vertical distribution of the artifacts was studied. Horizontally, all of the artifacts at each site were thinly and widely scattered and vertically they were not dense. Mechanical stripping of 25-100 percent of the sites' surfaces revealed that none of the sites had any cultural integrity in the way of cultural features. Each of the sites appears to represent a limited-use camp for hunting, tool maintenance, or food resource procurement which was established adjacent to a springhead/drainage near a major drainage for the Ohio River. The data recovered from the study add significantly to the regional archaeological data base, but none of the sites would appear to contain any new data which could be recovered by further research.
Previous cultural resources' work conducted in the project area associated with the proposed construction of the Gray's Landing Lock and Dam by GAi Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania, also confirmed that archaeological remains associated with the New Geneva Pottery works (36FA91) were situated adjacent to the current project area. Five 1 X 1 meter test units were excavated by NPW within the project locus. One of the units contained thousands of salt glazed stoneware sherds, kiln furniture, and brick revealing that a portion of the locus along the terrace of Georges Creek was used to dump kiln waste during the third quarter of the 19th century. The study revealed that the limits of Site 36FA91 actually extend beyond its originally defined site boundaries. In addition, the deposits appear to be stratigraphically segregated and undisturbed and may actually be a part of a large feature associated with a series of dumping episodes during a period of time when the New Geneva Potteries were in operation.
Therefore, based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the portion of the site situated within the project boundaries be subjected to Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine its physical limits, integrity, and whether or not the site culturally significant and is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
The Data Recovery methodology consisted of the mechanical stripping of the plowzone soil in block units where artifact concentrations, features, and dispersed artifacts were identified during Phase II Testing at the site. In addition to the 7 features which were identified during the Phase II Testing, 17 cultural features were identified and excavated during the Phase Ill study. The separated macro and micro remains from the features were analyzed for subsistence data (from floral remains), and charcoal found within the features representing various tree and plant species was studied to examine natural resource procurement and utilization patterns.
Based on radiocarbon dates obtained from cultural features at the site, the resource is a large, multicomponent site which represents occupation of the terrace during Late Archaic and early Late Woodland times.
The features were interpreted by using various types of information including pit contents, feature morphology, ethnobotanical data, and ethnohistorical information to evaluate the site's function, possible community patterning, and, within a limited context, its relationship to other similar sites. Finally, the quality of data resulting from the study of the features is discussed in terms of future research at similar sites.
The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor.
As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register.
The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717.
Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site· was located in relict farm fields containing various grasses, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and examination of groundhog backdirt piles.
Testing was limited within the parcel to only those loci which would be impacted by the proposed structures. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca . .49 hectare (1.2 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the property. Limited shovel testing was also conducted along an existing farm road proposed as a driveway.
As a result of the survey, only one black chert secondary flake was recovered from a shovel test pit excavated within the sited dwelling location. No additional artifacts were recovered which would suggest that the site was located within the area of proposed construction. It is postulated that the previously recorded site is most likely situated outside the project boundaries and along a small bench located immediately south of the project location and nearer the confluence of Tom's Run and its unnamed tributary. Therefore, based on the results of the survey, no additional work is recommended for the project. However, it is recommended that the proposed construction activities be limited to those tested areas.
The survey methodology involved background research and field reconnaissance. The field methodology consisted of shovel testing on a 20 meter grid pattern in the grassy and wooded sections of the property as well as shovel testing. and surface reconnaissance in previously cultivated fields where ground visibility varied from 50-90%.
As a result of the survey no cultural resources were found within the project boundaries. Although numerous small brick fragments were recovered, they were found widely scattered across the tested property and, as a result, were not considered to be representative of an archaeological site. Also recovered were three widely scattered, non-diagnostic prehistoric artifacts which are interpreted as the possible residual remains associated with a previously recorded archaeological site situated north of the project boundaries. The material may also represent aboriginal movement across or use of the project lands.
During a pedestrian survey of the project environs, a dense concentration of brick fragments and historic artifacts representing the late 18th and/or early 19th centuries was found. The cultural material was recorded as Site 18KE342. Since this site is located approximately 30.5 meters (100 feet) from the western project boundary, it will not be impacted by the proposed project. However, it has been flagged to prevent it from being inadvertently impacted during the proposed construction. No additional cultural resources work is recommended within the project boundaries.
As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. A corn crib, bank barn and foundation of an earlier barn are located within the project parcel which are components of the nearby historic Pleasant View Farm. Although these elements will not be impacted by the proposed project, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around these elements to protect them from being inadvertently impacted by construction-related activities. No additional archaeological work is recommended for the remainder of the project.
The survey methodology involved background research, informant interviews, and field reconnaissance. Since the project site was located in relict farm fields containing crop remnants, various grasses and dense scrub growth, the field methodology consisted of shovel testing and surface collecting along access roads.
Testing was limited within the parcel to only those sections not previously impacted, e.g., much of the project parcel had been quarried for topsoil and shale (ca. 36 hectares or 90 acres). In addition, approximately 8 hectares (20 acres) of the parcel was situated along the floodplains of Conococheague Creek and will not be affected by the project. Therefore, the field reconnaissance was restricted to a ca. 10 hectare (24 acre) portion of the parcel which was situated along the hilltops of the project lands.
As a result of the survey, one prehistoric archaeological site, situated outside the project boundaries, was identified during a general pedestrian survey of the area. However, the site, which consisted of lithic debitage, an Archaic projectile point, and a chert biface, found widely dispersed along a narrow strip of floodplain of the Conococheague Creek, will not be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the site. In addition, a 20th-century farmstead situated within the project lands is considered not to be culturally significant and it is not recommended for further study.
As a result of the survey, no prehistoric archaeological sites were identified. However, two historic archaeological sites, one previously identified domestic complex {18MO177) and one newly identified farmstead (18MO404), are located a short distance from two of the proposed alternates. Although they are outside of the proposed rights-of-way, both may be impacted by construction-related activities. Therefore, it is recommended that fencing be constructed around the sites to protect them from being inadvertently impacted. In the event that either of these sites will be directly impacted, they are recommended for Phase II Archaeological Testing to determine their cultural significance and National Register eligibility.