Hagfish is the most primitive craniate and is a sister group to vertebrates. The hagfish attracts... more Hagfish is the most primitive craniate and is a sister group to vertebrates. The hagfish attracts the interest of fishery biologists and ichthyologists due to its commercial utilization (e.g., for leather products and food) and its diverse specializations. There are about 60 hagfish worldwide species including the shallow-water Eptatretineae and deep-sea Myxininae. Taiwan is a region with a high biodiversity of hagfish species. Eleven species in the genera Myxine, Eptatretus and Paramyxine have been recorded in this region, and they have been the subject of numerous scientific studies, focusing on topics including phylogeny, photo-response behavior, reproductive biology, heavy metal accumu-lation and muscle proteomics and metabolomics. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we found that Paramyxine cheni and Eptatretus rubicundus are the most primitive species in the sub-family Eptatretineae, and their conservation deserves special attention. In addition, the overfishing of ...
Most species of glaucosomatids (Teleostei: Glaucosomatidae) are endemic to Australia, except Glau... more Most species of glaucosomatids (Teleostei: Glaucosomatidae) are endemic to Australia, except Glaucosoma buergeri that is widely distributed from Australia to Japan. This study elucidated phylogenetic relationships among glaucosomatids based on the morphological characters of the saccular-otolith sagitta, in addition to molecular evidence of mitochondrial 16S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences, and nuclear rhodopsin sequences. The topologies of individuals' phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rDNA, COI and cyt b sequences, were statistically indistinguishable from one another, and were only slightly different from a tree based on rhodopsin sequences. These molecular tree topologies, however, differed from species relationships in morphology-based phylogenetic hypothesis proposed in previous studies. Specimens of G. buergeri from Australia and Taiwan showed differences in the sagitta and molecular differentiation at the four genes, suggesting a possible speciation event. Both molecular and morphological evidences indicate that Glaucosoma magnificum is the plesiomorphic sister species of other glaucosomatid species. Glaucosoma hebraicum is the sister species of a clade composed of G. buergeri and Glaucosoma scapulare. Molecular and morphological evidences also support the species status of G. hebraicum.
The variegated cardinalfish Fowleria variegata produces grunt and hoot calls during agonistic and... more The variegated cardinalfish Fowleria variegata produces grunt and hoot calls during agonistic and courtship interactions. Both sounds are tonal and occur as single and multiunit calls. Grunts are of short duration with variable frequency spectra. Hoots are longer, have a higher fundamental frequency, and a more developed harmonic structure. Agonistic grunt calls and short hoot calls (1–2 hoots) are produced during chases and when striking an individual or a mirror. Grunts are produced primarily in male-female and mirror-image encounters, and short hoot calls are produced primarily in male-male interactions. During the reproductive period, long hoot calls (three and four hoots) are the main sound type in a mix-sexed tank and at Dongsha Atoll. These are likely produced by males because isolated females are silent, and isolated males emit long hoot calls. Courtship interactions are mostly silent, and males are silent after capturing eggs for oral brooding. Tank sounds peak at dusk to e...
Jie, Wei-Ban, Kuo, Shih-Chieh, Mok, Hin-Kiu (2014): Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum... more Jie, Wei-Ban, Kuo, Shih-Chieh, Mok, Hin-Kiu (2014): Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 764-770
This is the 1 st record of the genus and species of the xanthid crab, Quadrel/a maculosa Alcock, ... more This is the 1 st record of the genus and species of the xanthid crab, Quadrel/a maculosa Alcock, 1898, to be reported for the carcinological fauna of Taiwan. This species was symbiotically associated with the black coral Antipathes sp. (Order Antipatharia), and was collected from the sea bottom at a depth of 53 m depth offshore from Nanwan, Pingtung County in southern Taiwan. It is distinguished from other congeneric species by the armature of the carpus and the merus of the chelipeds, and the dactyls of the pereiopods.
surrounding Taiwan and 2 stations in the northern South China Sea were sampled by traps for hagfi... more surrounding Taiwan and 2 stations in the northern South China Sea were sampled by traps for hagfishes. Hori-zontal and depth distributions and numbers of specimens for 1 Eptatretus species, 6 Paramyxine species, and 3 undescribed Myxine species are reported. Paramyxine yangi exhibits a broader horizontal range than do other hagfish species in this region. Two stations in the northern part of the South China Sea were sampled; only P. yangi was captured at 1 of these stations.
The chaetodontid kidneys and intestinal coiling patterns were classified.Morphological variations... more The chaetodontid kidneys and intestinal coiling patterns were classified.Morphological variations of these systems were analyzed to elucidate the chaetodontid phylogenies.The present data suggest that(1)all chaetodontids(not including pomacanthids,Microcanthus,and Vinculum)share a common ancestor;(2)except for Forcipiger,Hemitaurichthys,Heniochus,and Johnrandallia,the rest of the chaetodontids form a monophyletic group;(3)Chelmon and Chelmonops are closely related groups;(4)within the monophyletic group including Chaetodon and Parachaetodon,Parachaetodon,Prognathodes series of the genus Chaetodon,and some Chaetodon species are more closely related to each other than to other Chaetodon species;(5)the similarity in kidney morphology among Forcipiger,Hemitaurichthys,Heniochus,and Johnrandallia provides no strong evidence for their monophyly.The proposed chaetodontid phylogeny was compared to previously hypothesized phylogenies. According to recent literature,the butterflyfishes and ang...
Accuracy of data capturing is important for the study of animal behavior. ETHOM is a software pac... more Accuracy of data capturing is important for the study of animal behavior. ETHOM is a software package which makes the acquisition of the exact behavioral sequence and timing easy. In addition, a useful data analysis subroutine is also included. In the ”Recording Data” function, the user can record behavior directly in the field by setting the time interval through the audio alarm function for time sampling of behavioral data. If the behavior is recorded on videotape, this program can also match its timing with the timing recorded on the videotape or the VCR counter, and the user can correct data directly or press a special key to perform editing functions corresponding to the VCR, including pause for timing, different playback speeds, and modifying previous records. Users can also continue recording data from previously saved data in the ”Loading Data” function. Two methods of recording are provided, by pressing one key to input (GET-KEY method) or typing a string of keystrokes repr...
The variations of the relation and relative size of the posterior cardinal veins and the fusion o... more The variations of the relation and relative size of the posterior cardinal veins and the fusion of the left and right kidneys in some major fish groups are described. The morphological variations of these characters in the two systems are interpreted and hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic interrelationships of the fish groups are made.The neoposterior cardinal veins being equally long is treated as a plesiomorphic character state for actinopterygians.In the vast majority of these fishes the right neoposterior cardinal. vein is much longer and larger in diameter than the left one.The left neoposterior cardinal vein of osteoglossomorphs(including hicdontids)is larger and longer than the right.This synapomorphic character state supports their monophyletic relationships.The presence of a connection between the hepatic and neoposterior cardinal vein in brachiopterygians suggests their affinity with other sarcopterygians.The presence of an anterior median sinus in chondrichthyans form...
Kao-Feng Huang, Hin-Kiu Mok and Pien-Chien Huang (1994) Hagfishes of Taiwan (II): Taxonomy as inf... more Kao-Feng Huang, Hin-Kiu Mok and Pien-Chien Huang (1994) Hagfishes of Taiwan (II): Taxonomy as inferred from mitochondrial DNA diversity. Zoological Studies 33(3): 186-191. Parallel studies based on morphological characteristics suggest the classification of four new higfish species (Kuo et al. 1994). We compared restriction patterns of hagfish mitochondrial DNA and found that two species (Paramyxine sheni and P. wisneri) have homologous but distinct mitochondrial genomes in contrast to other species in this genus. However, P. sheni individuals display a high frequency of heteroplasmy. Thus there is agreement between morphological and molecular taxonomic classifications of hagfish.
Hagfish is the most primitive craniate and is a sister group to vertebrates. The hagfish attracts... more Hagfish is the most primitive craniate and is a sister group to vertebrates. The hagfish attracts the interest of fishery biologists and ichthyologists due to its commercial utilization (e.g., for leather products and food) and its diverse specializations. There are about 60 hagfish worldwide species including the shallow-water Eptatretineae and deep-sea Myxininae. Taiwan is a region with a high biodiversity of hagfish species. Eleven species in the genera Myxine, Eptatretus and Paramyxine have been recorded in this region, and they have been the subject of numerous scientific studies, focusing on topics including phylogeny, photo-response behavior, reproductive biology, heavy metal accumu-lation and muscle proteomics and metabolomics. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we found that Paramyxine cheni and Eptatretus rubicundus are the most primitive species in the sub-family Eptatretineae, and their conservation deserves special attention. In addition, the overfishing of ...
Most species of glaucosomatids (Teleostei: Glaucosomatidae) are endemic to Australia, except Glau... more Most species of glaucosomatids (Teleostei: Glaucosomatidae) are endemic to Australia, except Glaucosoma buergeri that is widely distributed from Australia to Japan. This study elucidated phylogenetic relationships among glaucosomatids based on the morphological characters of the saccular-otolith sagitta, in addition to molecular evidence of mitochondrial 16S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences, and nuclear rhodopsin sequences. The topologies of individuals' phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rDNA, COI and cyt b sequences, were statistically indistinguishable from one another, and were only slightly different from a tree based on rhodopsin sequences. These molecular tree topologies, however, differed from species relationships in morphology-based phylogenetic hypothesis proposed in previous studies. Specimens of G. buergeri from Australia and Taiwan showed differences in the sagitta and molecular differentiation at the four genes, suggesting a possible speciation event. Both molecular and morphological evidences indicate that Glaucosoma magnificum is the plesiomorphic sister species of other glaucosomatid species. Glaucosoma hebraicum is the sister species of a clade composed of G. buergeri and Glaucosoma scapulare. Molecular and morphological evidences also support the species status of G. hebraicum.
The variegated cardinalfish Fowleria variegata produces grunt and hoot calls during agonistic and... more The variegated cardinalfish Fowleria variegata produces grunt and hoot calls during agonistic and courtship interactions. Both sounds are tonal and occur as single and multiunit calls. Grunts are of short duration with variable frequency spectra. Hoots are longer, have a higher fundamental frequency, and a more developed harmonic structure. Agonistic grunt calls and short hoot calls (1–2 hoots) are produced during chases and when striking an individual or a mirror. Grunts are produced primarily in male-female and mirror-image encounters, and short hoot calls are produced primarily in male-male interactions. During the reproductive period, long hoot calls (three and four hoots) are the main sound type in a mix-sexed tank and at Dongsha Atoll. These are likely produced by males because isolated females are silent, and isolated males emit long hoot calls. Courtship interactions are mostly silent, and males are silent after capturing eggs for oral brooding. Tank sounds peak at dusk to e...
Jie, Wei-Ban, Kuo, Shih-Chieh, Mok, Hin-Kiu (2014): Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum... more Jie, Wei-Ban, Kuo, Shih-Chieh, Mok, Hin-Kiu (2014): Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 764-770
This is the 1 st record of the genus and species of the xanthid crab, Quadrel/a maculosa Alcock, ... more This is the 1 st record of the genus and species of the xanthid crab, Quadrel/a maculosa Alcock, 1898, to be reported for the carcinological fauna of Taiwan. This species was symbiotically associated with the black coral Antipathes sp. (Order Antipatharia), and was collected from the sea bottom at a depth of 53 m depth offshore from Nanwan, Pingtung County in southern Taiwan. It is distinguished from other congeneric species by the armature of the carpus and the merus of the chelipeds, and the dactyls of the pereiopods.
surrounding Taiwan and 2 stations in the northern South China Sea were sampled by traps for hagfi... more surrounding Taiwan and 2 stations in the northern South China Sea were sampled by traps for hagfishes. Hori-zontal and depth distributions and numbers of specimens for 1 Eptatretus species, 6 Paramyxine species, and 3 undescribed Myxine species are reported. Paramyxine yangi exhibits a broader horizontal range than do other hagfish species in this region. Two stations in the northern part of the South China Sea were sampled; only P. yangi was captured at 1 of these stations.
The chaetodontid kidneys and intestinal coiling patterns were classified.Morphological variations... more The chaetodontid kidneys and intestinal coiling patterns were classified.Morphological variations of these systems were analyzed to elucidate the chaetodontid phylogenies.The present data suggest that(1)all chaetodontids(not including pomacanthids,Microcanthus,and Vinculum)share a common ancestor;(2)except for Forcipiger,Hemitaurichthys,Heniochus,and Johnrandallia,the rest of the chaetodontids form a monophyletic group;(3)Chelmon and Chelmonops are closely related groups;(4)within the monophyletic group including Chaetodon and Parachaetodon,Parachaetodon,Prognathodes series of the genus Chaetodon,and some Chaetodon species are more closely related to each other than to other Chaetodon species;(5)the similarity in kidney morphology among Forcipiger,Hemitaurichthys,Heniochus,and Johnrandallia provides no strong evidence for their monophyly.The proposed chaetodontid phylogeny was compared to previously hypothesized phylogenies. According to recent literature,the butterflyfishes and ang...
Accuracy of data capturing is important for the study of animal behavior. ETHOM is a software pac... more Accuracy of data capturing is important for the study of animal behavior. ETHOM is a software package which makes the acquisition of the exact behavioral sequence and timing easy. In addition, a useful data analysis subroutine is also included. In the ”Recording Data” function, the user can record behavior directly in the field by setting the time interval through the audio alarm function for time sampling of behavioral data. If the behavior is recorded on videotape, this program can also match its timing with the timing recorded on the videotape or the VCR counter, and the user can correct data directly or press a special key to perform editing functions corresponding to the VCR, including pause for timing, different playback speeds, and modifying previous records. Users can also continue recording data from previously saved data in the ”Loading Data” function. Two methods of recording are provided, by pressing one key to input (GET-KEY method) or typing a string of keystrokes repr...
The variations of the relation and relative size of the posterior cardinal veins and the fusion o... more The variations of the relation and relative size of the posterior cardinal veins and the fusion of the left and right kidneys in some major fish groups are described. The morphological variations of these characters in the two systems are interpreted and hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic interrelationships of the fish groups are made.The neoposterior cardinal veins being equally long is treated as a plesiomorphic character state for actinopterygians.In the vast majority of these fishes the right neoposterior cardinal. vein is much longer and larger in diameter than the left one.The left neoposterior cardinal vein of osteoglossomorphs(including hicdontids)is larger and longer than the right.This synapomorphic character state supports their monophyletic relationships.The presence of a connection between the hepatic and neoposterior cardinal vein in brachiopterygians suggests their affinity with other sarcopterygians.The presence of an anterior median sinus in chondrichthyans form...
Kao-Feng Huang, Hin-Kiu Mok and Pien-Chien Huang (1994) Hagfishes of Taiwan (II): Taxonomy as inf... more Kao-Feng Huang, Hin-Kiu Mok and Pien-Chien Huang (1994) Hagfishes of Taiwan (II): Taxonomy as inferred from mitochondrial DNA diversity. Zoological Studies 33(3): 186-191. Parallel studies based on morphological characteristics suggest the classification of four new higfish species (Kuo et al. 1994). We compared restriction patterns of hagfish mitochondrial DNA and found that two species (Paramyxine sheni and P. wisneri) have homologous but distinct mitochondrial genomes in contrast to other species in this genus. However, P. sheni individuals display a high frequency of heteroplasmy. Thus there is agreement between morphological and molecular taxonomic classifications of hagfish.
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