Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a promising therapy for cancer-targeting treatments. Recently, DCs... more Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a promising therapy for cancer-targeting treatments. Recently, DCs have been used for treatment of some cancers. We aimed to develop an in vitro assay to evaluate DC therapy in cancer treatment using a breast cancer model. DCs were induced from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL). Immature DCs were primed with breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-derived antigens. BCSCs were sorted from 4T1 cell lines based on aldehyde dehydrogenase expression. A mixture of DCs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of antigen-primed DCs on BCSCs. BCSC proliferation and doubling time were recorded based on impedance-based cell analysis using the xCELLigence system. The specification of inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs was also evaluated using the same system. The results showed that impedance-based analysis of BCSCs reflected cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs at 72 hours. Differences in ratios of DC:CTL changed the cytotoxicity of DCs and CTLs. This study successfully used impedance-based cell analysis as a new in vitro assay to evaluate DC efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. We hope this technique will contribute to the development and improvement of immunotherapies in the near future.
Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Jan 15, 2016
The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR is regulated by complex conformational changes and this conform... more The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR is regulated by complex conformational changes and this conformational control is disturbed in certain types of cancer. Many ligands are known to bind EGFR in its active conformation, preventing ATP from binding. Alternatively, only a few ligands are known to stabilize EGFR in its inactive conformation thus providing novel strategies of perturbing EGFR activity. Here we report our efforts to develop a direct-binding assay that enables the identification of novel ligands binding to and stabilizing the inactive conformation of EGFR.
We previously demonstrated vast expansion of hypoxic areas in the leukemic microenvironment and p... more We previously demonstrated vast expansion of hypoxic areas in the leukemic microenvironment and provided rationale for using hypoxia-activated prodrugs. PR104 is a phosphate ester that is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding alcohol PR-104A and further reduced to the amine and hydroxyl-amine nitrogen mustards that induce DNA cross-linking in hypoxic cells under low oxygen concentrations. In this phase I/II study, patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (n=40) after 1 or 2 prior treatments or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=10) after any number of prior treatments received PR104, dose ranges of 1.1 to 4 g/m2. The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were myelosuppression (anemia 62%, neutropenia 50%, thrombocytopenia 46%), febrile neutropenia (40%), infection (24%), and enterocolitis (14%). Ten of 31 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (32%) and 2 of 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (20%) who received 3 g/m2 or 4 g/m2 had a ...
Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion: Second Annual International Conference, 1997
ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated the production of over a petawatt of peak power in the Nova/Pet... more ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated the production of over a petawatt of peak power in the Nova/Petawatt Laser Facility, generating > 600 J in approximately 440 fs. The Petawatt Laser Project was initiated to develop the capability to test the fast ignitor concept for inertial confinement fusion, and to provide a unique capability in high energy density physics. The laser was designed to produce near kJ pulses with a pulse duration adjustable between 0.5 and 20 ps. At the shortest pulse lengths, this laser is expected to surpass 1021 W/cm2 when focused later this year. Currently, this system is limited to 600 J pulses in a 46.3- cm beam. Expansion of the beam to 58 cm, with the installation of 94-cm gratings, will enable 1 kJ operation. Target experiments with petawatt pulses will be possible either integrated with Nova in the 10 beam target chamber or as a stand alone system in an independent, dedicated chamber. Focusing the beam onto a target will be accomplished using an on axis parabolic mirror. The design of a novel targeting system enabling the production of ultrahigh contrast pulses and an easily variable effective focal length is also described.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2010, 2010
Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings for Petawatt-class laser systems possess unique ... more Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings for Petawatt-class laser systems possess unique laser damage characteristics. Details of the shape of the grating lines and the concentration of absorbing impurities on the surface of the grating structures both have strong effects on laser damage threshold. It is known that electric field enhancement in the solid material comprising the grating lines varies directly
In this book, we have focused on several challenges relevant to guaranteeing QoS for multimedia s... more In this book, we have focused on several challenges relevant to guaranteeing QoS for multimedia services and providing Internet traffic over broadband LEO satellite net-works. In particular, the following topics have been addressed: • Handover schemes and protocols for inter-satellite handover in LEO satellite networks based on ATM and IP. • QoS routing strategies for multi-service multi-hop LEO satellite networks.
Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII, 2011
We present a new class of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on lithograph... more We present a new class of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on lithographically-defined two-dimensional rectangular array of nanopillars. Two types of nanopillars within this class are discussed: vertical pillars and tapered pillars. For the vertical pillars, the gap between each pair of nanopillars is small enough (< 50 nm) such that highly confined plasmonic cavity resonances are supported between
Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XI, 2008
In this paper we present an approach to obtain an extended Depth-of-Field (DoF) for cell phone mi... more In this paper we present an approach to obtain an extended Depth-of-Field (DoF) for cell phone miniature camera by jointly optimizing optical system and post-capture digital processing techniques. Using a computational imaging approach, we demonstrate how to increase, to a useful operating range, the effective DoF of a specifically designed fixed focus lens operating e.g. at f/2.8. This is achieved
The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases in managed care o... more The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases in managed care organizations (MCOs). A data set of potential epilepsy cases was constructed from an MCO's administrative data system for all health plan members continuously enrolled in the MCO for at least 1 year within the study period of July 1, 1996 through June 30, 1998. Epilepsy status was determined using medical record review for a sample of 617 cases. The best algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases was developed by examining combinations of diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, and medication use. The best algorithm derived in the exploratory phase was then applied to a new set of data from the same MCO covering the period of July 1, 1998 through June 30, 2000. A stratified sample based on ethnicity and age was drawn from the preliminary algorithm-identified epilepsy cases and non-cases. Medical record review was completed for 644 cases to determine the accuracy of the algorithm. Data from both...
Neurogenic stunned myocardium may be defined as myocardial injury and dysfunction occurring after... more Neurogenic stunned myocardium may be defined as myocardial injury and dysfunction occurring after diverse types of acute brain injury as a result of imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. The spectrum of observed cardiac abnormalities includes electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmia, myocardial necrosis, release of B-type natriuretic peptide, and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. These are reversible abnormalities, and although management should include careful cardiac monitoring, treatments should generally focus on the underlying neurologic process to maximize neurologic recovery.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in ski... more Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in skin, skeleton and ectodermal appendages. FDH is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations in X-linked PORCN. PORCN orthologues in Drosophila and mice encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins required for secretion and function of Wnt proteins. Wnt proteins play important roles in embryo development, tissue homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. Since features of FDH overlap with those seen in mouse Wnt pathway mutants, FDH likely results from defective Wnt signaling but molecular mechanisms by which inactivation of PORCN affects Wnt signaling and manifestations of FDH remain to be elucidated. We introduced intronic loxP sites and a neomycin gene in the mouse Porcn locus for conditional inactivation. Porcn-ex3-7flox mice have no apparent developmental defects, but chimeric mice retaining the neomycin gene (Porcn-ex3-7Neo-flox) have limb, skin, and urogenital abnormalities. Conditional Porc...
The goal of this study was to quantify the burden of cervical cancer in Texas and provide informa... more The goal of this study was to quantify the burden of cervical cancer in Texas and provide information about the health care needs of survivors. Data from multiple sources including the Texas Cancer Registry, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and Texas Medicare claims were used in this effort. In 2009, there were over 100,000 cervical cancer survivors in Texas. Our descriptive analysis revealed that these women consumed less fruit and vegetables, were more often smokers, and had worse physical and mental health than women without a history of cancer. Survivors aged 65 and older cost Medicare over $15 million in inpatient, outpatient, and hospice care in 2009 alone, or $9,827 per cervical cancer survivor - nearly a third more than the average Medicare enrollee in Texas that year. Providers and public health practitioners can play an integral role in reducing the human and economic burden of cervical cancer in Texas through smoking cession and healthy lifestyle counseling for...
The efficacy-toxicity trade-off based design is a practical Bayesian phase I-II dose-finding meth... more The efficacy-toxicity trade-off based design is a practical Bayesian phase I-II dose-finding methodology. Because the design's performance is very sensitive to prior hyperparameters and the shape of the target trade-off contour, specifying these two design elements properly is essential. The goals are to provide a method that uses elicited mean outcome probabilities to derive a prior that is neither overly informative nor overly disperse, and practical guidelines for specifying the target trade-off contour. A general algorithm is presented that determines prior hyperparameters using least squares penalized by effective sample size. Guidelines for specifying the trade-off contour are provided. These methods are illustrated by a clinical trial in advanced prostate cancer. A new version of the efficacy-toxicity program is provided for implementation. Together, the algorithm and guidelines provide substantive improvements in the design's operating characteristics. The method req...
2010 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), 2010
Page 1. An Efficient Vietnamese Text Summarization Approach Based on Graph Model Tu Anh Nguyen Ho... more Page 1. An Efficient Vietnamese Text Summarization Approach Based on Graph Model Tu Anh Nguyen Hoang, Hoang Khai Nguyen, Quang Vinh Tran Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCMC, Ho ...
2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops, 2009
Page 1. Bandwidth Efficient Multicast Routing in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks... more Page 1. Bandwidth Efficient Multicast Routing in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks Hoang Lan Nguyen, Uyen Trang Nguyen Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University 4700 Keele Street ...
Objectives: SCVs are able to persist more efficiently within host cells making infections difficu... more Objectives: SCVs are able to persist more efficiently within host cells making infections difficult to eradicate. We therefore compare the intracellular activities of AABs against a SCV and its NP counterpart. Methods: Mec A negative SCV and NP were isolated from the same patient and showed identical PFGE profiles. MICs were measured by microdilution in MHB. Intracellular activities were determined after phagocytosis by human THP-1 macrophages (changes in post-phagocytosis inoculum (delta log CFU) after 24 h in cells incubated with AABs at an extracellular concentration corresponding to their respective reported Cmax).
Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a promising therapy for cancer-targeting treatments. Recently, DCs... more Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a promising therapy for cancer-targeting treatments. Recently, DCs have been used for treatment of some cancers. We aimed to develop an in vitro assay to evaluate DC therapy in cancer treatment using a breast cancer model. DCs were induced from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL). Immature DCs were primed with breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-derived antigens. BCSCs were sorted from 4T1 cell lines based on aldehyde dehydrogenase expression. A mixture of DCs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of antigen-primed DCs on BCSCs. BCSC proliferation and doubling time were recorded based on impedance-based cell analysis using the xCELLigence system. The specification of inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs was also evaluated using the same system. The results showed that impedance-based analysis of BCSCs reflected cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs at 72 hours. Differences in ratios of DC:CTL changed the cytotoxicity of DCs and CTLs. This study successfully used impedance-based cell analysis as a new in vitro assay to evaluate DC efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. We hope this technique will contribute to the development and improvement of immunotherapies in the near future.
Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Jan 15, 2016
The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR is regulated by complex conformational changes and this conform... more The receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR is regulated by complex conformational changes and this conformational control is disturbed in certain types of cancer. Many ligands are known to bind EGFR in its active conformation, preventing ATP from binding. Alternatively, only a few ligands are known to stabilize EGFR in its inactive conformation thus providing novel strategies of perturbing EGFR activity. Here we report our efforts to develop a direct-binding assay that enables the identification of novel ligands binding to and stabilizing the inactive conformation of EGFR.
We previously demonstrated vast expansion of hypoxic areas in the leukemic microenvironment and p... more We previously demonstrated vast expansion of hypoxic areas in the leukemic microenvironment and provided rationale for using hypoxia-activated prodrugs. PR104 is a phosphate ester that is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding alcohol PR-104A and further reduced to the amine and hydroxyl-amine nitrogen mustards that induce DNA cross-linking in hypoxic cells under low oxygen concentrations. In this phase I/II study, patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (n=40) after 1 or 2 prior treatments or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=10) after any number of prior treatments received PR104, dose ranges of 1.1 to 4 g/m2. The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were myelosuppression (anemia 62%, neutropenia 50%, thrombocytopenia 46%), febrile neutropenia (40%), infection (24%), and enterocolitis (14%). Ten of 31 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (32%) and 2 of 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (20%) who received 3 g/m2 or 4 g/m2 had a ...
Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion: Second Annual International Conference, 1997
ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated the production of over a petawatt of peak power in the Nova/Pet... more ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated the production of over a petawatt of peak power in the Nova/Petawatt Laser Facility, generating > 600 J in approximately 440 fs. The Petawatt Laser Project was initiated to develop the capability to test the fast ignitor concept for inertial confinement fusion, and to provide a unique capability in high energy density physics. The laser was designed to produce near kJ pulses with a pulse duration adjustable between 0.5 and 20 ps. At the shortest pulse lengths, this laser is expected to surpass 1021 W/cm2 when focused later this year. Currently, this system is limited to 600 J pulses in a 46.3- cm beam. Expansion of the beam to 58 cm, with the installation of 94-cm gratings, will enable 1 kJ operation. Target experiments with petawatt pulses will be possible either integrated with Nova in the 10 beam target chamber or as a stand alone system in an independent, dedicated chamber. Focusing the beam onto a target will be accomplished using an on axis parabolic mirror. The design of a novel targeting system enabling the production of ultrahigh contrast pulses and an easily variable effective focal length is also described.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2010, 2010
Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings for Petawatt-class laser systems possess unique ... more Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings for Petawatt-class laser systems possess unique laser damage characteristics. Details of the shape of the grating lines and the concentration of absorbing impurities on the surface of the grating structures both have strong effects on laser damage threshold. It is known that electric field enhancement in the solid material comprising the grating lines varies directly
In this book, we have focused on several challenges relevant to guaranteeing QoS for multimedia s... more In this book, we have focused on several challenges relevant to guaranteeing QoS for multimedia services and providing Internet traffic over broadband LEO satellite net-works. In particular, the following topics have been addressed: • Handover schemes and protocols for inter-satellite handover in LEO satellite networks based on ATM and IP. • QoS routing strategies for multi-service multi-hop LEO satellite networks.
Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII, 2011
We present a new class of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on lithograph... more We present a new class of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on lithographically-defined two-dimensional rectangular array of nanopillars. Two types of nanopillars within this class are discussed: vertical pillars and tapered pillars. For the vertical pillars, the gap between each pair of nanopillars is small enough (< 50 nm) such that highly confined plasmonic cavity resonances are supported between
Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XI, 2008
In this paper we present an approach to obtain an extended Depth-of-Field (DoF) for cell phone mi... more In this paper we present an approach to obtain an extended Depth-of-Field (DoF) for cell phone miniature camera by jointly optimizing optical system and post-capture digital processing techniques. Using a computational imaging approach, we demonstrate how to increase, to a useful operating range, the effective DoF of a specifically designed fixed focus lens operating e.g. at f/2.8. This is achieved
The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases in managed care o... more The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases in managed care organizations (MCOs). A data set of potential epilepsy cases was constructed from an MCO's administrative data system for all health plan members continuously enrolled in the MCO for at least 1 year within the study period of July 1, 1996 through June 30, 1998. Epilepsy status was determined using medical record review for a sample of 617 cases. The best algorithm for detecting epilepsy cases was developed by examining combinations of diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, and medication use. The best algorithm derived in the exploratory phase was then applied to a new set of data from the same MCO covering the period of July 1, 1998 through June 30, 2000. A stratified sample based on ethnicity and age was drawn from the preliminary algorithm-identified epilepsy cases and non-cases. Medical record review was completed for 644 cases to determine the accuracy of the algorithm. Data from both...
Neurogenic stunned myocardium may be defined as myocardial injury and dysfunction occurring after... more Neurogenic stunned myocardium may be defined as myocardial injury and dysfunction occurring after diverse types of acute brain injury as a result of imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. The spectrum of observed cardiac abnormalities includes electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmia, myocardial necrosis, release of B-type natriuretic peptide, and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. These are reversible abnormalities, and although management should include careful cardiac monitoring, treatments should generally focus on the underlying neurologic process to maximize neurologic recovery.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in ski... more Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects in skin, skeleton and ectodermal appendages. FDH is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations in X-linked PORCN. PORCN orthologues in Drosophila and mice encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins required for secretion and function of Wnt proteins. Wnt proteins play important roles in embryo development, tissue homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. Since features of FDH overlap with those seen in mouse Wnt pathway mutants, FDH likely results from defective Wnt signaling but molecular mechanisms by which inactivation of PORCN affects Wnt signaling and manifestations of FDH remain to be elucidated. We introduced intronic loxP sites and a neomycin gene in the mouse Porcn locus for conditional inactivation. Porcn-ex3-7flox mice have no apparent developmental defects, but chimeric mice retaining the neomycin gene (Porcn-ex3-7Neo-flox) have limb, skin, and urogenital abnormalities. Conditional Porc...
The goal of this study was to quantify the burden of cervical cancer in Texas and provide informa... more The goal of this study was to quantify the burden of cervical cancer in Texas and provide information about the health care needs of survivors. Data from multiple sources including the Texas Cancer Registry, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and Texas Medicare claims were used in this effort. In 2009, there were over 100,000 cervical cancer survivors in Texas. Our descriptive analysis revealed that these women consumed less fruit and vegetables, were more often smokers, and had worse physical and mental health than women without a history of cancer. Survivors aged 65 and older cost Medicare over $15 million in inpatient, outpatient, and hospice care in 2009 alone, or $9,827 per cervical cancer survivor - nearly a third more than the average Medicare enrollee in Texas that year. Providers and public health practitioners can play an integral role in reducing the human and economic burden of cervical cancer in Texas through smoking cession and healthy lifestyle counseling for...
The efficacy-toxicity trade-off based design is a practical Bayesian phase I-II dose-finding meth... more The efficacy-toxicity trade-off based design is a practical Bayesian phase I-II dose-finding methodology. Because the design's performance is very sensitive to prior hyperparameters and the shape of the target trade-off contour, specifying these two design elements properly is essential. The goals are to provide a method that uses elicited mean outcome probabilities to derive a prior that is neither overly informative nor overly disperse, and practical guidelines for specifying the target trade-off contour. A general algorithm is presented that determines prior hyperparameters using least squares penalized by effective sample size. Guidelines for specifying the trade-off contour are provided. These methods are illustrated by a clinical trial in advanced prostate cancer. A new version of the efficacy-toxicity program is provided for implementation. Together, the algorithm and guidelines provide substantive improvements in the design's operating characteristics. The method req...
2010 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), 2010
Page 1. An Efficient Vietnamese Text Summarization Approach Based on Graph Model Tu Anh Nguyen Ho... more Page 1. An Efficient Vietnamese Text Summarization Approach Based on Graph Model Tu Anh Nguyen Hoang, Hoang Khai Nguyen, Quang Vinh Tran Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCMC, Ho ...
2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops, 2009
Page 1. Bandwidth Efficient Multicast Routing in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks... more Page 1. Bandwidth Efficient Multicast Routing in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks Hoang Lan Nguyen, Uyen Trang Nguyen Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University 4700 Keele Street ...
Objectives: SCVs are able to persist more efficiently within host cells making infections difficu... more Objectives: SCVs are able to persist more efficiently within host cells making infections difficult to eradicate. We therefore compare the intracellular activities of AABs against a SCV and its NP counterpart. Methods: Mec A negative SCV and NP were isolated from the same patient and showed identical PFGE profiles. MICs were measured by microdilution in MHB. Intracellular activities were determined after phagocytosis by human THP-1 macrophages (changes in post-phagocytosis inoculum (delta log CFU) after 24 h in cells incubated with AABs at an extracellular concentration corresponding to their respective reported Cmax).
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