ISSN 2029-4549 (online)Paprastoji spanguolė Vaccinium oxycoccos L. - Lietuvoje ir kitose Europos ... more ISSN 2029-4549 (online)Paprastoji spanguolė Vaccinium oxycoccos L. - Lietuvoje ir kitose Europos šalyse natūraliai paplitusi rūšis. Šio augalo uogos nuo seno yra vartojamos tiek maistui, tiek ir liaudies medicinoje. Pastaraisiais metais vis labiau ima populiarėti stambiauogė spanguolė V. macrocarpon Aiton, kuri auginama kultūroje kaip vertingas uogas užauginantis ir dekoratyvus kiliminis augalas. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami abiejų spanguolių rūšių uogų sulčių cheminės sudėties tyrimų rezultatai. Uogų sultyse nustatyti antocianinų, benzoinės rūgšties, tirpių sausųjų medžiagų kiekiai ir sulčių titruojamasis rūgštingumasEuropean cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. – is a native species in Lithuania and other European countries. Berries of European cranberry are widely used in nutrition and folk medicine. American cranberry V. macrocarpon Aiton became more popular in recent yrears. This valuable berry species has been cultivated for ground cover also. The results of biochemical investigati...
In this study, bigel-based vegetable oil spreads with lingonberry pomace addition were prepared. ... more In this study, bigel-based vegetable oil spreads with lingonberry pomace addition were prepared. The impact of gelatin, agar and collagen was examined as structuring agents as was the effect of lecithin concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%). Prepared systems were evaluated by physical and chemical stability and structural and rheological properties. It was found that all bigel formulations were self-standing with no signs of phase separation at ambient temperature immediately after preparation and after two weeks of storage at 4 °C temperature. The lingonberry pomace addition affected grainy structure formation with homogenous and uniform distribution of fiber particles throughout the bigel matrix and it also altered the colour of the bigels toward a purple-red. Texture, rheological properties and colour of the spread formulations were affected by the type of the structuring agent as well as the lecithin concentration. The presence of the lingonberry pomace enhanced the resistance of the b...
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dried pomace powder of cranberries, lingonberries, s... more This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dried pomace powder of cranberries, lingonberries, sea buckthorns, and black currants as potential food ingredients with functional properties. The composition and several physicochemical and adsorption properties associated with their functionality were investigated. Tested berry pomace powders were rich in dietary soluble fiber (4.92–12.74 g/100 g DM) and insoluble fiber (40.95–65.36 g/100 g DM). The highest level of total phenolics was observed in the black currant pomace (11.09 GAE/g DM), whereas the sea buckthorn pomace revealed the highest protein concentration (21.09 g/100 g DM). All the berry pomace powders that were tested exhibited good water-holding capacity (2.78–4.24 g/g) and swelling capacity (4.99–9.98 mL/g), and poor oil-binding capacity (1.09–1.57 g/g). The strongest hypoglycemic properties were observed for the lingonberry and black currant pomace powders. The berry pomace powders presented effective in vitro hypolipidem...
Undesirable in food products the yeasts and bacteria were used in the test cultures. The assessme... more Undesirable in food products the yeasts and bacteria were used in the test cultures. The assessment of antimicrobial activity of the berry extracts, the following six bacterial test cultures Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19117), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), and eight yeast species (Debaryomyces hansenii, Trichosporon cutaneum, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia kluyveri, Rhodotorula rubra), obtained due to inoculation of the specimens talen fronette dairy plants, were used in the study. The total anthocyanins and phenolics compounds content was different in investigated extracts, however, antimicrobial action of following extracts was comparable. Micrococcus luteus was the most sensitive to the cranberry, black currant, bilberry extracts from berries and berry cakes. It...
Increased consumer interest in nutraceutical-rich foods in relation to human health has resulted ... more Increased consumer interest in nutraceutical-rich foods in relation to human health has resulted in the increased use of cranberries in the modern diet. Berries of wild European cranberry clones and cultivars show great variation in yield, colour and quantities of biologically active compounds. In the present study, we estimate the production of different phytochemical components in 40 genotypes of Vaccinium oxycoccos. Our main goal was to identify genotypes that have superior economic attributes, such as high levels of anthocyanins, organic acids and easily digestible carbohydrates. As a result, two wild clones of Lithuanian origin (98-C-17 and 98-C-15), and the Estonian cultivar ‘Maima’ were selected as the most valuable in terms of TAC, organic acid, fructose and glucose concentrations.
Undesirable in food products eight yeasts species Debaryomyces hansenii , Trichosporon cutaneum, ... more Undesirable in food products eight yeasts species Debaryomyces hansenii , Trichosporon cutaneum, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis , Sacharomyces cerevisiae , Candida parapsilosis , Torulaspora delbrueckii , Pichia kluyveri , Rhodotorula rubra were used in the test cultures. Antimicrobial effe ct of various extracts and essential oils against yeasts was determined by dif fusion in agar method. Tarragon, savory and parsley essential oils solutio ns at concentration of 0.5% inhibited the growth of yeasts. T. cutaneum and R. rubra were more sensitive to these essential oils than o ther yeasts cultures. The essential oil of long curcuma inhibited only before mentioned yea sts cultures. The extract of parsley also possessed inhibitory effect against all yeasts. The extracts of black cu min, cayenne pepper and red bell pepper did not influence the growth of yeasts. The inhibitory effect of green pa prika and chilly pepper extracts was weaker compari ng to the extracts of parsley. The ex...
The goals of this study were to understand how seasonal variations in composition of milk from na... more The goals of this study were to understand how seasonal variations in composition of milk from native breed cows influence the technological properties of milk and how these changes might be beneficial for the production of cultured dairy products. Milk samples from native Lithuanian Black and White dairy cattle breed (LBW) were collected and profiled for different compositional and technological traits over a 1-year period. In general, insignificant differences were observed in overall milk composition between seasons. However, protein content was significantly affected by season, which was reflected in protein composition. The contents of individual milk proteins in LBW milk during the winter months were significantly lower (p S1- and κ-Cn content in comparison with milk samples with weak acid-induced gelation properties. Further analysis of yoghurt produced from LBW milk showed that the production of yoghurt with strong physicochemical properties was possible even when the milk h...
The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of composition and antimicrobial properti... more The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of composition and antimicrobial properties in eleven cultivars of honeysuckle berries. Using spectrophotometric methods, we compared the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), anthocyanins, and chromatic characteristics of berries, which were grown in the collection of Vytautas Magnus University Botanical Garden and collected at maturation stage. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid and saccharides were evaluated by HPLC using diode ray and light scattering detectors. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of honeysuckle berry were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Bacterial tests identified antimicrobial properties of honeysuckle berries against undesirable in food products bacteria but without affecting Candida and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The cultivar ‘Morena’ had the highest anthocyanins (781 mg/100 g) and total phenolic compounds (799 mg/100 g), while the lowest anthocyanins (282...
The aim of the study was to evaluate 11 cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for ... more The aim of the study was to evaluate 11 cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and the antibacterial activity of berries. Total phenolic contents (TPCs) and total anthocyanin contents (TACs) were established by using ethanolic extracts. For contents of organic acids and saccharides, aqueous extracts were used, and vitamin C was determined by using oxalic acid solution. DPPH• radical scavenging capacity was evaluated by using ethanolic extracts; antibacterial activity was assessed by using both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The TPC varied from 364.02 ± 0.41 mg/100 g in ‘Vostorg’ to 784.5 ± 0.3 mg/100 g in ‘Obilnaja’, and TAC ranged from 277.8 ± 1.1 mg/100 g in ‘Čelnočnaja’ to 394.1 ± 8.4 mg/100 g in ‘Nimfa’. Anthocyanins comprised 53.8% of total phenolic contents on average. Among organic acids, citric acid was predominant, averaging 769.41 ± 5.34 mg/100 g, with malic and quinic acids amounting to 289.90 ± 2.64 and 45.00 ...
European cranberry is a berry plant rich in biologically active substances, making it valued by b... more European cranberry is a berry plant rich in biologically active substances, making it valued by both the phyto-pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in berries of European cranberry and to assess their antibacterial activity. Material and methods. Different wild clones of European cranberry were investigated according to berry weight and the amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins. Anthocyanin profiles of extracts were evaluated by HPLC, whereas the antimicrobial properties were determined by the agar well diffusion method. A strong negative correlation between berry weight and the amount of anthocyanins was found. The amount of total phenolics among different cranberry clones in the field collection ranged from 224.0 mg/100 g to 498.0 mg/100 g, and the amount of total anthocyanins ranged from 40.7 mg/100 g to 207.3 mg/100 g. Quantitative HPLC-UV analysis revealed six anthocyanins in the b...
The aim of study was to analyse quality indices of pork from Lithuanian market. Samples of pork l... more The aim of study was to analyse quality indices of pork from Lithuanian market. Samples of pork loin ( m . longissimus dorsi ) were analysed. The country of origin for pork was Lithuania, Poland and Germany. Samples were selected in random way in supermarkets and were analysed by standard methods. Chemical and technological characteristics were determined, sensory analysis was carried out also. Short chain fatty acids (such as lauric, myristic, palmitic) dominated in pork imported to Lithuania. Polish origin pork had highest amount of volatile fatty acids. Qualitative differences between raw meat samples were not determined, as there were not significant differences between amount of protein, protein without collagen, and connective tissue in raw meat, cooking and defrosting losses. Comparison of raw meat colour characteristics showed the same lightness L* level for all samples, the highest coordinate a* for Polish or igin samples, and the lowest coordinate b* for Lithuanian origin ...
Parinktos optimalios benzenkarboksirūgšties ekstrakcijos sąlygos, palyginus ekstrakciją ultragars... more Parinktos optimalios benzenkarboksirūgšties ekstrakcijos sąlygos, palyginus ekstrakciją ultragarso vonelėje, vandens vonioje ir naudojant magnetinę maišyklę. Nustatyta, kad didžiausią įtaką turėjo ekstrakcijos temperatūra, daugiausiai benzenkarboksirūgšties buvo 60 min. 70 °C vandens vonioje ekstrahuotame mėginyje. Ištyrus 40 paprastosios spanguolės veislių ir klonų, vidutinis nustatytas benzenkarboksirūgšties kiekis uogose buvo 52 mg/kg. Daugiausiai nustatyta klone 98-č-15 (147±6 mg/kg), veislėje ‘Maima’ (130±2 mg/kg) ir klone 98-č-17 (115±11 mg/kg)It was chosen the optimal parameters for the extraction of benzoic acid, after comparison the extraction by ultrasonic bath, water bath, and using a magnetic stirrer. It was found that extraction temperature had the greatest influence. The sample, 60 min. heated at 70 °C in water bath had the greatest amount of benzoic acid. Examination of 40 varieties and clones of European cranberries showed that the average amount of benzoic acid in t...
In vitro gastro-duodenal digestion model was used to investigate the changes of emulsions under d... more In vitro gastro-duodenal digestion model was used to investigate the changes of emulsions under digestion conditions. Oil in water emulsions stabilized by whey proteins (2%) and stabilized by whey proteins (2%) with addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (0.75%) as gelling agent of continuous phase were prepared at pH7. Both emulsions were destabilized under gastric conditions; however the protective role of carboxymethyl cellulose was indicated by recording delay of fat digestibility of this emulsion. In the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose whey proteins on the interfacial surface of droplets were more resistant to gastric degradation causing limited hydrolysis of fat due to the poor acceptability of lipids for the enzymes. Studies of emulsions using in vivo model supported results from in vitro studies. Lower content of triglycerides in blood serum and higher amount of fecal fat of rats were determined when rats were fed by diet containing emulsion made with whey proteins and carb...
ISSN 2029-4549 (online)Paprastoji spanguolė Vaccinium oxycoccos L. - Lietuvoje ir kitose Europos ... more ISSN 2029-4549 (online)Paprastoji spanguolė Vaccinium oxycoccos L. - Lietuvoje ir kitose Europos šalyse natūraliai paplitusi rūšis. Šio augalo uogos nuo seno yra vartojamos tiek maistui, tiek ir liaudies medicinoje. Pastaraisiais metais vis labiau ima populiarėti stambiauogė spanguolė V. macrocarpon Aiton, kuri auginama kultūroje kaip vertingas uogas užauginantis ir dekoratyvus kiliminis augalas. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami abiejų spanguolių rūšių uogų sulčių cheminės sudėties tyrimų rezultatai. Uogų sultyse nustatyti antocianinų, benzoinės rūgšties, tirpių sausųjų medžiagų kiekiai ir sulčių titruojamasis rūgštingumasEuropean cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. – is a native species in Lithuania and other European countries. Berries of European cranberry are widely used in nutrition and folk medicine. American cranberry V. macrocarpon Aiton became more popular in recent yrears. This valuable berry species has been cultivated for ground cover also. The results of biochemical investigati...
In this study, bigel-based vegetable oil spreads with lingonberry pomace addition were prepared. ... more In this study, bigel-based vegetable oil spreads with lingonberry pomace addition were prepared. The impact of gelatin, agar and collagen was examined as structuring agents as was the effect of lecithin concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%). Prepared systems were evaluated by physical and chemical stability and structural and rheological properties. It was found that all bigel formulations were self-standing with no signs of phase separation at ambient temperature immediately after preparation and after two weeks of storage at 4 °C temperature. The lingonberry pomace addition affected grainy structure formation with homogenous and uniform distribution of fiber particles throughout the bigel matrix and it also altered the colour of the bigels toward a purple-red. Texture, rheological properties and colour of the spread formulations were affected by the type of the structuring agent as well as the lecithin concentration. The presence of the lingonberry pomace enhanced the resistance of the b...
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dried pomace powder of cranberries, lingonberries, s... more This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dried pomace powder of cranberries, lingonberries, sea buckthorns, and black currants as potential food ingredients with functional properties. The composition and several physicochemical and adsorption properties associated with their functionality were investigated. Tested berry pomace powders were rich in dietary soluble fiber (4.92–12.74 g/100 g DM) and insoluble fiber (40.95–65.36 g/100 g DM). The highest level of total phenolics was observed in the black currant pomace (11.09 GAE/g DM), whereas the sea buckthorn pomace revealed the highest protein concentration (21.09 g/100 g DM). All the berry pomace powders that were tested exhibited good water-holding capacity (2.78–4.24 g/g) and swelling capacity (4.99–9.98 mL/g), and poor oil-binding capacity (1.09–1.57 g/g). The strongest hypoglycemic properties were observed for the lingonberry and black currant pomace powders. The berry pomace powders presented effective in vitro hypolipidem...
Undesirable in food products the yeasts and bacteria were used in the test cultures. The assessme... more Undesirable in food products the yeasts and bacteria were used in the test cultures. The assessment of antimicrobial activity of the berry extracts, the following six bacterial test cultures Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19117), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), and eight yeast species (Debaryomyces hansenii, Trichosporon cutaneum, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia kluyveri, Rhodotorula rubra), obtained due to inoculation of the specimens talen fronette dairy plants, were used in the study. The total anthocyanins and phenolics compounds content was different in investigated extracts, however, antimicrobial action of following extracts was comparable. Micrococcus luteus was the most sensitive to the cranberry, black currant, bilberry extracts from berries and berry cakes. It...
Increased consumer interest in nutraceutical-rich foods in relation to human health has resulted ... more Increased consumer interest in nutraceutical-rich foods in relation to human health has resulted in the increased use of cranberries in the modern diet. Berries of wild European cranberry clones and cultivars show great variation in yield, colour and quantities of biologically active compounds. In the present study, we estimate the production of different phytochemical components in 40 genotypes of Vaccinium oxycoccos. Our main goal was to identify genotypes that have superior economic attributes, such as high levels of anthocyanins, organic acids and easily digestible carbohydrates. As a result, two wild clones of Lithuanian origin (98-C-17 and 98-C-15), and the Estonian cultivar ‘Maima’ were selected as the most valuable in terms of TAC, organic acid, fructose and glucose concentrations.
Undesirable in food products eight yeasts species Debaryomyces hansenii , Trichosporon cutaneum, ... more Undesirable in food products eight yeasts species Debaryomyces hansenii , Trichosporon cutaneum, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis , Sacharomyces cerevisiae , Candida parapsilosis , Torulaspora delbrueckii , Pichia kluyveri , Rhodotorula rubra were used in the test cultures. Antimicrobial effe ct of various extracts and essential oils against yeasts was determined by dif fusion in agar method. Tarragon, savory and parsley essential oils solutio ns at concentration of 0.5% inhibited the growth of yeasts. T. cutaneum and R. rubra were more sensitive to these essential oils than o ther yeasts cultures. The essential oil of long curcuma inhibited only before mentioned yea sts cultures. The extract of parsley also possessed inhibitory effect against all yeasts. The extracts of black cu min, cayenne pepper and red bell pepper did not influence the growth of yeasts. The inhibitory effect of green pa prika and chilly pepper extracts was weaker compari ng to the extracts of parsley. The ex...
The goals of this study were to understand how seasonal variations in composition of milk from na... more The goals of this study were to understand how seasonal variations in composition of milk from native breed cows influence the technological properties of milk and how these changes might be beneficial for the production of cultured dairy products. Milk samples from native Lithuanian Black and White dairy cattle breed (LBW) were collected and profiled for different compositional and technological traits over a 1-year period. In general, insignificant differences were observed in overall milk composition between seasons. However, protein content was significantly affected by season, which was reflected in protein composition. The contents of individual milk proteins in LBW milk during the winter months were significantly lower (p S1- and κ-Cn content in comparison with milk samples with weak acid-induced gelation properties. Further analysis of yoghurt produced from LBW milk showed that the production of yoghurt with strong physicochemical properties was possible even when the milk h...
The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of composition and antimicrobial properti... more The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of composition and antimicrobial properties in eleven cultivars of honeysuckle berries. Using spectrophotometric methods, we compared the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), anthocyanins, and chromatic characteristics of berries, which were grown in the collection of Vytautas Magnus University Botanical Garden and collected at maturation stage. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid and saccharides were evaluated by HPLC using diode ray and light scattering detectors. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of honeysuckle berry were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Bacterial tests identified antimicrobial properties of honeysuckle berries against undesirable in food products bacteria but without affecting Candida and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The cultivar ‘Morena’ had the highest anthocyanins (781 mg/100 g) and total phenolic compounds (799 mg/100 g), while the lowest anthocyanins (282...
The aim of the study was to evaluate 11 cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for ... more The aim of the study was to evaluate 11 cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and the antibacterial activity of berries. Total phenolic contents (TPCs) and total anthocyanin contents (TACs) were established by using ethanolic extracts. For contents of organic acids and saccharides, aqueous extracts were used, and vitamin C was determined by using oxalic acid solution. DPPH• radical scavenging capacity was evaluated by using ethanolic extracts; antibacterial activity was assessed by using both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The TPC varied from 364.02 ± 0.41 mg/100 g in ‘Vostorg’ to 784.5 ± 0.3 mg/100 g in ‘Obilnaja’, and TAC ranged from 277.8 ± 1.1 mg/100 g in ‘Čelnočnaja’ to 394.1 ± 8.4 mg/100 g in ‘Nimfa’. Anthocyanins comprised 53.8% of total phenolic contents on average. Among organic acids, citric acid was predominant, averaging 769.41 ± 5.34 mg/100 g, with malic and quinic acids amounting to 289.90 ± 2.64 and 45.00 ...
European cranberry is a berry plant rich in biologically active substances, making it valued by b... more European cranberry is a berry plant rich in biologically active substances, making it valued by both the phyto-pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in berries of European cranberry and to assess their antibacterial activity. Material and methods. Different wild clones of European cranberry were investigated according to berry weight and the amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins. Anthocyanin profiles of extracts were evaluated by HPLC, whereas the antimicrobial properties were determined by the agar well diffusion method. A strong negative correlation between berry weight and the amount of anthocyanins was found. The amount of total phenolics among different cranberry clones in the field collection ranged from 224.0 mg/100 g to 498.0 mg/100 g, and the amount of total anthocyanins ranged from 40.7 mg/100 g to 207.3 mg/100 g. Quantitative HPLC-UV analysis revealed six anthocyanins in the b...
The aim of study was to analyse quality indices of pork from Lithuanian market. Samples of pork l... more The aim of study was to analyse quality indices of pork from Lithuanian market. Samples of pork loin ( m . longissimus dorsi ) were analysed. The country of origin for pork was Lithuania, Poland and Germany. Samples were selected in random way in supermarkets and were analysed by standard methods. Chemical and technological characteristics were determined, sensory analysis was carried out also. Short chain fatty acids (such as lauric, myristic, palmitic) dominated in pork imported to Lithuania. Polish origin pork had highest amount of volatile fatty acids. Qualitative differences between raw meat samples were not determined, as there were not significant differences between amount of protein, protein without collagen, and connective tissue in raw meat, cooking and defrosting losses. Comparison of raw meat colour characteristics showed the same lightness L* level for all samples, the highest coordinate a* for Polish or igin samples, and the lowest coordinate b* for Lithuanian origin ...
Parinktos optimalios benzenkarboksirūgšties ekstrakcijos sąlygos, palyginus ekstrakciją ultragars... more Parinktos optimalios benzenkarboksirūgšties ekstrakcijos sąlygos, palyginus ekstrakciją ultragarso vonelėje, vandens vonioje ir naudojant magnetinę maišyklę. Nustatyta, kad didžiausią įtaką turėjo ekstrakcijos temperatūra, daugiausiai benzenkarboksirūgšties buvo 60 min. 70 °C vandens vonioje ekstrahuotame mėginyje. Ištyrus 40 paprastosios spanguolės veislių ir klonų, vidutinis nustatytas benzenkarboksirūgšties kiekis uogose buvo 52 mg/kg. Daugiausiai nustatyta klone 98-č-15 (147±6 mg/kg), veislėje ‘Maima’ (130±2 mg/kg) ir klone 98-č-17 (115±11 mg/kg)It was chosen the optimal parameters for the extraction of benzoic acid, after comparison the extraction by ultrasonic bath, water bath, and using a magnetic stirrer. It was found that extraction temperature had the greatest influence. The sample, 60 min. heated at 70 °C in water bath had the greatest amount of benzoic acid. Examination of 40 varieties and clones of European cranberries showed that the average amount of benzoic acid in t...
In vitro gastro-duodenal digestion model was used to investigate the changes of emulsions under d... more In vitro gastro-duodenal digestion model was used to investigate the changes of emulsions under digestion conditions. Oil in water emulsions stabilized by whey proteins (2%) and stabilized by whey proteins (2%) with addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (0.75%) as gelling agent of continuous phase were prepared at pH7. Both emulsions were destabilized under gastric conditions; however the protective role of carboxymethyl cellulose was indicated by recording delay of fat digestibility of this emulsion. In the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose whey proteins on the interfacial surface of droplets were more resistant to gastric degradation causing limited hydrolysis of fat due to the poor acceptability of lipids for the enzymes. Studies of emulsions using in vivo model supported results from in vitro studies. Lower content of triglycerides in blood serum and higher amount of fecal fat of rats were determined when rats were fed by diet containing emulsion made with whey proteins and carb...
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