Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this ... more Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) receiving ART and associated factors. Patients were selected from HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in National HAART Cohort at Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Following the manufacturer's instructions, medical assessments and anti-HCV antibody serology were obtained for analysis with an ELISA kit (Dia. Pro). A total of 4 of 104 PLWHA tested were anti-HCV antibody positive (4.0%). HIV/HCV coinfections were higher in age groups >41 years (4.4%), males (7.0%), CD4 counts 350-499 cells (7.1%) and PVL >1000 copies/ml (10.0%). CD4 counts and viral load were an indicator for HIV/HCV coinfections. Socio-demographic variables were not associated (p > 0.05) with HIV/HCV coinfection in univariate analysis; older PLWHA were more likely to be HCV-positive. Males were more pron...
International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a circular DNA virus with humans serving as the only reservo... more Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a circular DNA virus with humans serving as the only reservoir, remains a worldwide public health problem. The similarity in transmission routes for HBV and HIV makes co-infection very common. Thus, this study aimed at unveiling the seroepidemiological patterns of HBV coinfections among HIV-infected individuals in some selected hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 HIV-infected individuals attending ART clinics at selected hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sociodemographic data were collected based on interviewer-based questionnaire, and clinical history was obtained from participants' medical records. Serological analysis for HBsAg was done using ELISA method. Results: Of the 350 HIV-infected patients, 9(2.6%) were positive for HBsAg. The majority of HIV/HBV coinfected participants were in age groups >41 (3.7%), females (2.9%), singles (3.0%), tertiary education holders (...
Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences, 2023
epatitis B and HIV infections are significant public health problems in subSaharan Africa, and r... more epatitis B and HIV infections are significant public health problems in subSaharan Africa, and research suggests that co-infected individuals with either
HBV or HIV experience a higher rate of HIV progression. This study aimed at
investigating possible HBV coinfection in relation to the sociodemographic traits
of HIV-infected individuals, attending the HIV clinic at a University Teaching
Hospital in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) HIVinfected individuals gave consent to participate in the study. Blood samples
(about 5ml) were aseptically collected and tested for HBV using Monolisa HBsAg
ULTRA kit. CD4 counts were measured using the Partec CyFlow. Plasma viral
loads (PVL) were also determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 Assay US
protocol. The results showed that the majority (72.5%) of the study participants
had a CD4 cell count of 350 cells/ul. The virological assay revealed that the viral
RNA was not detected (TND) in most (63.5%) of the patients. About 45 (17.7%)
HIV-infected individuals were found to be coinfected with HBV out of which the
majority were of the female gender (18.7%). HIV-positive individuals within the
age group 31-40(18.9%) were mostly affected. Results from this study showed
a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among the HIV infected individuals attending
the HIV clinic in this tertiary hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria. The results
obtained from the study also reveal that there are no significant associations
found between the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and
HBV.
Background and Aims: Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV- 2) are one of the most common viral sexu... more Background and Aims: Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV- 2) are one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which are now a significant health concern. The most significant incidence of HSV infections occurs in women of reproductive age. Thus, the study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of HSV-2 IgG in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and identify the demographic profile associated with the prevalence. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was adopted to randomly analyze 90 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess HSV-2 IgG antibodies in the samples obtained. Results: Of the 90 subjects, 51.1% were HSV-2 seropositive, while 48.9% were seronegative for HSV-2 IgG antibody. No statistical association existed between the prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibodies and the sociodemographic factors studied (p>0.05). Higher prevale...
This article reviews the feasibility of global eradication of rabies and factors affecting eradic... more This article reviews the feasibility of global eradication of rabies and factors affecting eradication of rabies in the world. Effective vaccines are now available against many viruses making eradication a viable proposition. As in the case of smallpox, the following questions should be addressed when the feasibility of eradication of a particular human virus disease is considered. Is the disease worth eradicating? Is there any animal reservoir? Is there a carrier state? Is effective vaccination available? How communicable is the rabies? What level of coverage is required for eradication? What are the possibilities for rabies control in reservoir hosts? Can rabies be controlled in wildlife reservoirs? Can the population density of reservoir hosts be reduced? Can contact between wild dogs and domestic dogs be minimized? Whether a virus disease can be eradicated or not depends on many factors, not least on the will power to implement such a policy. These factors include human (increas...
Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this ... more Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) receiving ART and associated factors. Patients were selected from HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in National HAART Cohort at Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Following the manufacturer's instructions, medical assessments and anti-HCV antibody serology were obtained for analysis with an ELISA kit (Dia. Pro). A total of 4 of 104 PLWHA tested were anti-HCV antibody positive (4.0%). HIV/HCV coinfections were higher in age groups >41 years (4.4%), males (7.0%), CD4 counts 350-499 cells (7.1%) and PVL >1000 copies/ml (10.0%). CD4 counts and viral load were an indicator for HIV/HCV coinfections. Socio-demographic variables were not associated (p > 0.05) with HIV/HCV coinfection in univariate analysis; older PLWHA were more likely to be HCV-positive. Males were more pron...
International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a circular DNA virus with humans serving as the only reservo... more Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a circular DNA virus with humans serving as the only reservoir, remains a worldwide public health problem. The similarity in transmission routes for HBV and HIV makes co-infection very common. Thus, this study aimed at unveiling the seroepidemiological patterns of HBV coinfections among HIV-infected individuals in some selected hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 HIV-infected individuals attending ART clinics at selected hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sociodemographic data were collected based on interviewer-based questionnaire, and clinical history was obtained from participants' medical records. Serological analysis for HBsAg was done using ELISA method. Results: Of the 350 HIV-infected patients, 9(2.6%) were positive for HBsAg. The majority of HIV/HBV coinfected participants were in age groups >41 (3.7%), females (2.9%), singles (3.0%), tertiary education holders (...
Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences, 2023
epatitis B and HIV infections are significant public health problems in subSaharan Africa, and r... more epatitis B and HIV infections are significant public health problems in subSaharan Africa, and research suggests that co-infected individuals with either
HBV or HIV experience a higher rate of HIV progression. This study aimed at
investigating possible HBV coinfection in relation to the sociodemographic traits
of HIV-infected individuals, attending the HIV clinic at a University Teaching
Hospital in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) HIVinfected individuals gave consent to participate in the study. Blood samples
(about 5ml) were aseptically collected and tested for HBV using Monolisa HBsAg
ULTRA kit. CD4 counts were measured using the Partec CyFlow. Plasma viral
loads (PVL) were also determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 Assay US
protocol. The results showed that the majority (72.5%) of the study participants
had a CD4 cell count of 350 cells/ul. The virological assay revealed that the viral
RNA was not detected (TND) in most (63.5%) of the patients. About 45 (17.7%)
HIV-infected individuals were found to be coinfected with HBV out of which the
majority were of the female gender (18.7%). HIV-positive individuals within the
age group 31-40(18.9%) were mostly affected. Results from this study showed
a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among the HIV infected individuals attending
the HIV clinic in this tertiary hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria. The results
obtained from the study also reveal that there are no significant associations
found between the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and
HBV.
Background and Aims: Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV- 2) are one of the most common viral sexu... more Background and Aims: Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV- 2) are one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which are now a significant health concern. The most significant incidence of HSV infections occurs in women of reproductive age. Thus, the study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of HSV-2 IgG in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and identify the demographic profile associated with the prevalence. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was adopted to randomly analyze 90 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess HSV-2 IgG antibodies in the samples obtained. Results: Of the 90 subjects, 51.1% were HSV-2 seropositive, while 48.9% were seronegative for HSV-2 IgG antibody. No statistical association existed between the prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibodies and the sociodemographic factors studied (p>0.05). Higher prevale...
This article reviews the feasibility of global eradication of rabies and factors affecting eradic... more This article reviews the feasibility of global eradication of rabies and factors affecting eradication of rabies in the world. Effective vaccines are now available against many viruses making eradication a viable proposition. As in the case of smallpox, the following questions should be addressed when the feasibility of eradication of a particular human virus disease is considered. Is the disease worth eradicating? Is there any animal reservoir? Is there a carrier state? Is effective vaccination available? How communicable is the rabies? What level of coverage is required for eradication? What are the possibilities for rabies control in reservoir hosts? Can rabies be controlled in wildlife reservoirs? Can the population density of reservoir hosts be reduced? Can contact between wild dogs and domestic dogs be minimized? Whether a virus disease can be eradicated or not depends on many factors, not least on the will power to implement such a policy. These factors include human (increas...
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HBV or HIV experience a higher rate of HIV progression. This study aimed at
investigating possible HBV coinfection in relation to the sociodemographic traits
of HIV-infected individuals, attending the HIV clinic at a University Teaching
Hospital in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) HIVinfected individuals gave consent to participate in the study. Blood samples
(about 5ml) were aseptically collected and tested for HBV using Monolisa HBsAg
ULTRA kit. CD4 counts were measured using the Partec CyFlow. Plasma viral
loads (PVL) were also determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 Assay US
protocol. The results showed that the majority (72.5%) of the study participants
had a CD4 cell count of 350 cells/ul. The virological assay revealed that the viral
RNA was not detected (TND) in most (63.5%) of the patients. About 45 (17.7%)
HIV-infected individuals were found to be coinfected with HBV out of which the
majority were of the female gender (18.7%). HIV-positive individuals within the
age group 31-40(18.9%) were mostly affected. Results from this study showed
a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among the HIV infected individuals attending
the HIV clinic in this tertiary hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria. The results
obtained from the study also reveal that there are no significant associations
found between the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and
HBV.
HBV or HIV experience a higher rate of HIV progression. This study aimed at
investigating possible HBV coinfection in relation to the sociodemographic traits
of HIV-infected individuals, attending the HIV clinic at a University Teaching
Hospital in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) HIVinfected individuals gave consent to participate in the study. Blood samples
(about 5ml) were aseptically collected and tested for HBV using Monolisa HBsAg
ULTRA kit. CD4 counts were measured using the Partec CyFlow. Plasma viral
loads (PVL) were also determined using the Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 Assay US
protocol. The results showed that the majority (72.5%) of the study participants
had a CD4 cell count of 350 cells/ul. The virological assay revealed that the viral
RNA was not detected (TND) in most (63.5%) of the patients. About 45 (17.7%)
HIV-infected individuals were found to be coinfected with HBV out of which the
majority were of the female gender (18.7%). HIV-positive individuals within the
age group 31-40(18.9%) were mostly affected. Results from this study showed
a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among the HIV infected individuals attending
the HIV clinic in this tertiary hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria. The results
obtained from the study also reveal that there are no significant associations
found between the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and
HBV.