The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to infection/reinfection by Schistosoma ... more The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to infection/reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni still arouse great interest and controversy. Some authors demonstrate that resistance to infection is attributed to a mixed Th1 and Th2 response and resistance to reinfection after repeated treatments through mechanisms associated with the Th2 response. Through flow cytometry, the phenotypic characterization of B and T lymphocytes in individuals residing in endemic areas with low parasite loads over 10 years was evaluated for the first time in humans. In this study, individuals with low parasite loads for Schistosoma mansoni had a higher proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells. In addition, lymphocytes from these individuals showed a higher degree of expression of costimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA-4 and regulatory molecules FoxP3 and IL-10, when compared to individuals with high parasite loads. Our data indicate that the control of the parasite load of S. mansoni must be associated with a Th1, Th2, and regulatory response, and that further studies are needed to elucidate the possibility of mechanisms associated with the hyporesponsiveness of lymphocytes from individuals with high parasite loads.
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2001
O teste de Montenegro, utilizado no diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar, tem sido recentemente... more O teste de Montenegro, utilizado no diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar, tem sido recentemente considerado marcador de imunogenicidade após vacinação. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o poder sensibilizante deste teste e a produção de y-IFN in vitro, em indivíduos não expostos a Leishmania. Utilizaram-se para o teste antígenos de L. amazonensis produzido em nosso laboratório (grupo I) ou produzido pela FIOCRUZ-RJ (grupo II). No dia 30, 33% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 42% do grupo II converteram o teste para positivo, comparando-se com 67% do grupo I e 50% do grupo II no dia 90. y-IFN foi detectado em 56% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 17% do grupo II no dia 30 (169±309 e 11±36pg/ml) e em 67% do grupo I e 58% do grupo II no dia 360 (69±107 e 18±20pg/ml). Estes dados demonstram que o teste de Montenegro induz, além de hipersensibilidade tardia, a produção de y-IFN.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopat... more Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). While the immune response to HTLV-1 infection is polarized to the Th1-type, chronic helminth infections drive the Th2- and T regulatory-type, and are able to downregulate the inflammatory response in some autoimmune diseases. Objective: To evaluate whether Schistosoma spp. antigens alter the in vitro cytokine response in HTLV-1 infection. Methods: The recombinant Schistosoma antigens Sm29 and ShTSP2 (tetraspanin) and PIII, a fraction of the Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of HTLV-1-infected individuals and the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in the supernatants were measured using the ELISA sandwich technique. Results: Compared to the levels of cytokine in nonstimulated cultures, the levels of IFN-γ were reduced in 50, 47 and 50% of patients by the presen...
ABSTRACTTo determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to theSchistosoma mansoniant... more ABSTRACTTo determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to theSchistosoma mansoniantigens paramyosin, IrV-5, Sm-23 (MAP-3), and triose phosphate isomerase (MAP-4), a total of 119 subjects from an area of endemicity for schistosomiasis, including “resistant” subjects (n= 17) were evaluated. Specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgA levels for each of the antigens and the cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined. Although all the subjects had a high degree of contaminated water exposure, their infection levels were variable (0 to 1,128 eggs/g of stool). There were direct correlations between infection levels and levels of SWAP- and paramyosin-specific IgG1 and IgG4 (P< 0.05). However, an inverse correlation between infection levels and specific IgG2 to IrV-5 (P< 0.01) was observed. The evaluation of the cytokine profile (interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-10, gamma interferon ...
In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, a negative correlation is observed between atopy and h... more In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, a negative correlation is observed between atopy and helminth infection, associated with a low prevalence of asthma. We investigated whether Schistosoma mansoni infection or injection of parasite eggs can modulate airway allergic inflammation in mice, examining the mechanisms of such regulation. We infected BALB/c mice with 30 S. mansoni cercariae or intraperitoneally injected 2,500 schistosome eggs, and experimental asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in the asthmatic group than in asthmatic mice infected with S. mansoni or treated with parasite eggs. Reduced Th2 cytokine production, characterized by lower levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and immunoglobulin E, was observed in both S. mansoni -treated groups compared to the asthmatic group. There was a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in lungs of S. mansoni -infected and egg-treated mice, demonstrating...
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in ... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in the prehepatosplenic and early hepatosplenic stages of schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography of 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by the measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin-5 [IL-5], IL-10, IL-13, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and transforming growth factor β) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated bySchistosoma mansoniantigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were found in supernatants of soluble egg antigen-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis. Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for 1 year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggest a role for type 2 cytok...
The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to infection/reinfection by Schistosoma ... more The mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to infection/reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni still arouse great interest and controversy. Some authors demonstrate that resistance to infection is attributed to a mixed Th1 and Th2 response and resistance to reinfection after repeated treatments through mechanisms associated with the Th2 response. Through flow cytometry, the phenotypic characterization of B and T lymphocytes in individuals residing in endemic areas with low parasite loads over 10 years was evaluated for the first time in humans. In this study, individuals with low parasite loads for Schistosoma mansoni had a higher proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells. In addition, lymphocytes from these individuals showed a higher degree of expression of costimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA-4 and regulatory molecules FoxP3 and IL-10, when compared to individuals with high parasite loads. Our data indicate that the control of the parasite load of S. mansoni must be associated with a Th1, Th2, and regulatory response, and that further studies are needed to elucidate the possibility of mechanisms associated with the hyporesponsiveness of lymphocytes from individuals with high parasite loads.
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2001
O teste de Montenegro, utilizado no diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar, tem sido recentemente... more O teste de Montenegro, utilizado no diagnóstico da leishmaniose tegumentar, tem sido recentemente considerado marcador de imunogenicidade após vacinação. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o poder sensibilizante deste teste e a produção de y-IFN in vitro, em indivíduos não expostos a Leishmania. Utilizaram-se para o teste antígenos de L. amazonensis produzido em nosso laboratório (grupo I) ou produzido pela FIOCRUZ-RJ (grupo II). No dia 30, 33% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 42% do grupo II converteram o teste para positivo, comparando-se com 67% do grupo I e 50% do grupo II no dia 90. y-IFN foi detectado em 56% dos indivíduos do grupo I e 17% do grupo II no dia 30 (169±309 e 11±36pg/ml) e em 67% do grupo I e 58% do grupo II no dia 360 (69±107 e 18±20pg/ml). Estes dados demonstram que o teste de Montenegro induz, além de hipersensibilidade tardia, a produção de y-IFN.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopat... more Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). While the immune response to HTLV-1 infection is polarized to the Th1-type, chronic helminth infections drive the Th2- and T regulatory-type, and are able to downregulate the inflammatory response in some autoimmune diseases. Objective: To evaluate whether Schistosoma spp. antigens alter the in vitro cytokine response in HTLV-1 infection. Methods: The recombinant Schistosoma antigens Sm29 and ShTSP2 (tetraspanin) and PIII, a fraction of the Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of HTLV-1-infected individuals and the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in the supernatants were measured using the ELISA sandwich technique. Results: Compared to the levels of cytokine in nonstimulated cultures, the levels of IFN-γ were reduced in 50, 47 and 50% of patients by the presen...
ABSTRACTTo determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to theSchistosoma mansoniant... more ABSTRACTTo determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to theSchistosoma mansoniantigens paramyosin, IrV-5, Sm-23 (MAP-3), and triose phosphate isomerase (MAP-4), a total of 119 subjects from an area of endemicity for schistosomiasis, including “resistant” subjects (n= 17) were evaluated. Specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgA levels for each of the antigens and the cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined. Although all the subjects had a high degree of contaminated water exposure, their infection levels were variable (0 to 1,128 eggs/g of stool). There were direct correlations between infection levels and levels of SWAP- and paramyosin-specific IgG1 and IgG4 (P< 0.05). However, an inverse correlation between infection levels and specific IgG2 to IrV-5 (P< 0.01) was observed. The evaluation of the cytokine profile (interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-10, gamma interferon ...
In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, a negative correlation is observed between atopy and h... more In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, a negative correlation is observed between atopy and helminth infection, associated with a low prevalence of asthma. We investigated whether Schistosoma mansoni infection or injection of parasite eggs can modulate airway allergic inflammation in mice, examining the mechanisms of such regulation. We infected BALB/c mice with 30 S. mansoni cercariae or intraperitoneally injected 2,500 schistosome eggs, and experimental asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in the asthmatic group than in asthmatic mice infected with S. mansoni or treated with parasite eggs. Reduced Th2 cytokine production, characterized by lower levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and immunoglobulin E, was observed in both S. mansoni -treated groups compared to the asthmatic group. There was a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in lungs of S. mansoni -infected and egg-treated mice, demonstrating...
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in ... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines in hepatic fibrosis in the prehepatosplenic and early hepatosplenic stages of schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography of 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by the measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin-5 [IL-5], IL-10, IL-13, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and transforming growth factor β) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated bySchistosoma mansoniantigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were found in supernatants of soluble egg antigen-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis. Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for 1 year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggest a role for type 2 cytok...
Uploads
Papers by Ilma Araújo