Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (H... more Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (Hongrie) de Nord vers le Sud. Il est alimente par les eaux de celui-ci, les eaux pluviales, les sources de fond et les eaux usees (biologiquement epurees) de la station d'epuration installee pres de Godollo depuis dix ans. Une accumulation de sediments et une degradation de la qualite des eaux des lacs ont ete remarquees ce qui represente un danger pour les etres vivants et limite les possibilites d'utilisation des lacs comme zone de production piscicole. L'objectif principal de cette etude est la detection des impacts environnementaux subits par le systeme de lacs, et l'elaboration d'une methode apte a suivre les changements de l'etat de l'environnement. Cette etude a fourni les resultats suivants : Caracterisation ecologique regionale, description hydrologique et des flux du systeme de lac ; il a ete constate que l'accumulation importante des sediments n'est pas due uniquement au vieillissement naturel mais aussi aux rejets des eaux usees d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Etude de la pollution du systeme de lacs par l'analyse des sediments ; les sediments, les elements traces et les microorganismes pathogenes humains sont des indicateurs aptes a demontrer la pollution d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Decouvrir la repartition horizontale de la pollution ; l'accumulation des elements trace metalliques est plus importante dans les lacs qui ont subits des rejets directs des eaux usees, les metaux lourds etant lies surtout a la matiere en suspension sedimentant facilement ; par contre les microorganismes pathogenes dependent fortement du pilotage des eaux (eaux stagnantes, manque en oxygene), et elle peut avoir une valeur maximale loin des points de rejet. Estimation de la quantite des sediments et de la vitesse de la sedimentation ; cette vitesse peut etre estimee a l'aide de la repartition verticale des isotopes 137Cs et 134Cs provenant de l'accident de Tchernobyl ; de 1986 a 1995, l'epaisseur des sediments a augmente de 35 cm, soit 3,5 a 4 cm / an. Etude de la mobilisation environnementale des ETM accumules dans les sediments
Two sodalite phases (potassium sodalite (K.SD) and sodium sodalite (Na.SD)) were prepared using a... more Two sodalite phases (potassium sodalite (K.SD) and sodium sodalite (Na.SD)) were prepared using alkali fusion of kaolinite followed by a hydrothermal treatment step for 4 h at 90 °C. The synthetic phases were characterized as potential adsorbents for PO43− from the aqueous solutions and real water from the Rákos stream (0.52 mg/L) taking into consideration the impact of the structural alkali ions (K+ and Na+). The synthetic Na.SD phase exhibited enhanced surface area (232.4 m2/g) and ion-exchange capacity (126.4 meq/100 g) as compared to the K.SD phase. Moreover, the Na.SD phase exhibited higher PO43− sequestration capacity (Qmax = 261.6 mg g−1 and Qsat = 175.3 mg g−1) than K.SD phase (Qmax = 201.9 mg g−1 and Qsat = 127.4 mg g−1). The PO43− sequestration processes of both Na.SD and K.SD are spontaneous, homogenous, and exothermic reactions that follow the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Estimation of the occupied active site density validates the enrichment of the...
Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (H... more Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (Hongrie) de Nord vers le Sud. Il est alimente par les eaux de celui-ci, les eaux pluviales, les sources de fond et les eaux usees (biologiquement epurees) de la station d'epuration installee pres de Godollo depuis dix ans. Une accumulation de sediments et une degradation de la qualite des eaux des lacs ont ete remarquees ce qui represente un danger pour les etres vivants et limite les possibilites d'utilisation des lacs comme zone de production piscicole. L'objectif principal de cette etude est la detection des impacts environnementaux subits par le systeme de lacs, et l'elaboration d'une methode apte a suivre les changements de l'etat de l'environnement. Cette etude a fourni les resultats suivants : Caracterisation ecologique regionale, description hydrologique et des flux du systeme de lac ; il a ete constate que l'accumulation importante des sediments n'est pas due uniquement au vieillissement naturel mais aussi aux rejets des eaux usees d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Etude de la pollution du systeme de lacs par l'analyse des sediments ; les sediments, les elements traces et les microorganismes pathogenes humains sont des indicateurs aptes a demontrer la pollution d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Decouvrir la repartition horizontale de la pollution ; l'accumulation des elements trace metalliques est plus importante dans les lacs qui ont subits des rejets directs des eaux usees, les metaux lourds etant lies surtout a la matiere en suspension sedimentant facilement ; par contre les microorganismes pathogenes dependent fortement du pilotage des eaux (eaux stagnantes, manque en oxygene), et elle peut avoir une valeur maximale loin des points de rejet. Estimation de la quantite des sediments et de la vitesse de la sedimentation ; cette vitesse peut etre estimee a l'aide de la repartition verticale des isotopes 137Cs et 134Cs provenant de l'accident de Tchernobyl ; de 1986 a 1995, l'epaisseur des sediments a augmente de 35 cm, soit 3,5 a 4 cm / an. Etude de la mobilisation environnementale des ETM accumules dans les sediments
Water quality and chemical conditions of sediment were analysed in this study in the case of two ... more Water quality and chemical conditions of sediment were analysed in this study in the case of two water bodies: Marcal River and Mezőlak Lakes. Three sampling points were designated for both the lakes and Marcal considering water flow directions. Of water and sediment samples taken from both water bodies nitate, ammonium, phosphate, sulphate, COD and heavy metal contents were determined. Vegetation cover, relief-geological and habitat features as well as environmental impacts were all taken into consideration during evaluation of the results. It has been found that nitrate and phosphate ion concentrations are below the threshold limits and that water is of good quality. In the case of COD effects of peat is traceable. Higher concentration of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium ion in Marcal River than in the lakes indicates anthropogenic impact. Heavy metal content of water and sediment proved to be lower than the threshold limit value and its concentration changes opposite to flow direc...
Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment... more Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment and human society. The accumulation and adsorption of heavy metals could happen with several organic and inorganic matters, but the most used adsorbents are (biological and chemical) organic compounds. This review article presents the basics of heavy metal adsorption on several organic surfaces. There are many organic matters, which seem to be useful as agents for heavy metal adsorption. All of the cited authors and articles present the adsorption kinetics by the most used isotherm models (such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms). By comparing several research results presented by a pre-selected assortment of papers, we would like to give an overview of the microbiological, organic chemical, and other surface adsorption possibilities. We draw conclusions for two new adsorption fields (adsorption with biosorbent and artificial materials). We present an optional possibility to study ads...
Kutatásunkban a potenciálisan toxikus elemszennyezés által okozott környezeti kockázat becslésére... more Kutatásunkban a potenciálisan toxikus elemszennyezés által okozott környezeti kockázat becslésére alkalmazott, az EU Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) által 1993-ban ajánlott 3+1 lépéses extrakcióval végzett frakcionálás kritikai értékelésével foglalkoztunk, az elemdetektálásra korábban optimalizált multielemes ICP-OES kalibrációt alkalmazva. Munkánk fő célja a HNO3/H2O2 eleggyel végzett mikrohullámú feltárás, továbbá a királyvízzel végzett mikrohullámú feltárás és a királyvízzel visszafolyós hűtős extraktorral végzett feltárás alkalmazhatóságának összehasonlítása a reziduális és pszeudototál frakciók meghatározása során. Vizsgálataink eredményei alapján azt tapasztaltuk, hogy mind a BCR1-4 frakció összegénél, mind az összes kioldásnál a koncentrációk a visszafolyós hűtős királyvizes extrakció esetében a legnagyobbak, a mikrohullámmal támogatott királyvíz és a mikrohullámmal támogatott salétromsav/hidrogén-peroxid kivonás közel azonos hatásfokú. Tehát a salétromsav/hidrogén-peroxi...
Freshwater sediment and biofilm samples from different supports were collected from two test site... more Freshwater sediment and biofilm samples from different supports were collected from two test sites (Košice, Slovakia and Gödöllő, Hungary) which represent different situations of environmental pollution. Pseudototal heavy metal concentration of the samples was analysed after microwave-assisted digestion with HNO3/H2O2. Fractionation of the heavy metal content was performed by the BCR procedure and another extraction scheme based on the sequential application of supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O and their mixture developed in our institute. Heavy metal concentration in the extracts was measured by inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Comparison of the two fractionation methods showed that rapid remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic environment can be characterised by the CO2/H2O sequential extraction, too. Influence of the sample type (sediment vs. biofilm) on the estimation of the level of heavy metal pollution was studied. On the basis of the resul...
The estimation of environmental risk caused by pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) is... more The estimation of environmental risk caused by pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) is usually carried out using the (3+1) step sequential extraction procedure suggested in 1993 by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). In the 1st step the water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate-bound element content is extracted with acetic acid. In 2002 a fractionation procedure based on the application of supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O and of a mixture of subcritical H2O/CO2 was proposed, which allowed the water-soluble and carbonatebound element contents to be extracted separately from sediment or soil samples weighed into the preparative column of a supercritical fluid extractor and diluted with quartz sand in a mass ratio of 1:20. The aim of the present study was to develop a new reduced-size column construction with which this dilution rate could be decreased to 1:2. A kinetic study was performed to determine the extraction time necessary for samples with different carbonat...
Sediment samples were taken from the Tisza–Szamos area and Gödöllő lake system. A new sequential ... more Sediment samples were taken from the Tisza–Szamos area and Gödöllő lake system. A new sequential extraction scheme in a supercritical extractor using supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O, and a subcritical mixture of 90% H2O and 10% CO2 as solvents was employed. This procedure provides relevant information about environmentally mobile heavy metal fractions (water-soluble, bicarbonate-forming) of sediments during a reasonably short time
For the characterisation of the environmental mobility of heavy metal contamination in aquatic se... more For the characterisation of the environmental mobility of heavy metal contamination in aquatic sediments, the EU Bureau of Reference has proposed a fractionation by sequential extraction procedure. For its validation, the CRM-701 sample is available containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. In this paper, the matrix-matched calibration problems are presented. A multi-elemental inductively coupled plasma-optical emission technique is employed for the detection of heavy metals in the extracts. It was established that the sensitivities are strongly influenced by the extractants, which causes significant matrix effects: the sensitivities are strongly influenced by the solvents applied in extraction steps; the summarised recoveries show an acceptable agreement with the certified values; however, in the individual extraction steps for certain elements significant differences may occur due to the neglected interferences. Therefore, further optimisation is required utilising the flexible line ...
Page 1. ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING S Vol. 18, No. 1 2011 György HELTAI1*, Dagmar REMETE... more Page 1. ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING S Vol. 18, No. 1 2011 György HELTAI1*, Dagmar REMETEIOVÁ2, Márk HORVÁTH1, Éva SZÉLES3 Gábor HALÁSZ1, Ilona FEKETE1 and Karol FLÓRIÁN2 VARIOUS ...
Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (H... more Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (Hongrie) de Nord vers le Sud. Il est alimente par les eaux de celui-ci, les eaux pluviales, les sources de fond et les eaux usees (biologiquement epurees) de la station d'epuration installee pres de Godollo depuis dix ans. Une accumulation de sediments et une degradation de la qualite des eaux des lacs ont ete remarquees ce qui represente un danger pour les etres vivants et limite les possibilites d'utilisation des lacs comme zone de production piscicole. L'objectif principal de cette etude est la detection des impacts environnementaux subits par le systeme de lacs, et l'elaboration d'une methode apte a suivre les changements de l'etat de l'environnement. Cette etude a fourni les resultats suivants : Caracterisation ecologique regionale, description hydrologique et des flux du systeme de lac ; il a ete constate que l'accumulation importante des sediments n'est pas due uniquement au vieillissement naturel mais aussi aux rejets des eaux usees d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Etude de la pollution du systeme de lacs par l'analyse des sediments ; les sediments, les elements traces et les microorganismes pathogenes humains sont des indicateurs aptes a demontrer la pollution d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Decouvrir la repartition horizontale de la pollution ; l'accumulation des elements trace metalliques est plus importante dans les lacs qui ont subits des rejets directs des eaux usees, les metaux lourds etant lies surtout a la matiere en suspension sedimentant facilement ; par contre les microorganismes pathogenes dependent fortement du pilotage des eaux (eaux stagnantes, manque en oxygene), et elle peut avoir une valeur maximale loin des points de rejet. Estimation de la quantite des sediments et de la vitesse de la sedimentation ; cette vitesse peut etre estimee a l'aide de la repartition verticale des isotopes 137Cs et 134Cs provenant de l'accident de Tchernobyl ; de 1986 a 1995, l'epaisseur des sediments a augmente de 35 cm, soit 3,5 a 4 cm / an. Etude de la mobilisation environnementale des ETM accumules dans les sediments
Two sodalite phases (potassium sodalite (K.SD) and sodium sodalite (Na.SD)) were prepared using a... more Two sodalite phases (potassium sodalite (K.SD) and sodium sodalite (Na.SD)) were prepared using alkali fusion of kaolinite followed by a hydrothermal treatment step for 4 h at 90 °C. The synthetic phases were characterized as potential adsorbents for PO43− from the aqueous solutions and real water from the Rákos stream (0.52 mg/L) taking into consideration the impact of the structural alkali ions (K+ and Na+). The synthetic Na.SD phase exhibited enhanced surface area (232.4 m2/g) and ion-exchange capacity (126.4 meq/100 g) as compared to the K.SD phase. Moreover, the Na.SD phase exhibited higher PO43− sequestration capacity (Qmax = 261.6 mg g−1 and Qsat = 175.3 mg g−1) than K.SD phase (Qmax = 201.9 mg g−1 and Qsat = 127.4 mg g−1). The PO43− sequestration processes of both Na.SD and K.SD are spontaneous, homogenous, and exothermic reactions that follow the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Estimation of the occupied active site density validates the enrichment of the...
Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (H... more Le systeme de lacs etudie est construit sur le ruisseau Rakos qui traverse la ville de Godollo (Hongrie) de Nord vers le Sud. Il est alimente par les eaux de celui-ci, les eaux pluviales, les sources de fond et les eaux usees (biologiquement epurees) de la station d'epuration installee pres de Godollo depuis dix ans. Une accumulation de sediments et une degradation de la qualite des eaux des lacs ont ete remarquees ce qui represente un danger pour les etres vivants et limite les possibilites d'utilisation des lacs comme zone de production piscicole. L'objectif principal de cette etude est la detection des impacts environnementaux subits par le systeme de lacs, et l'elaboration d'une methode apte a suivre les changements de l'etat de l'environnement. Cette etude a fourni les resultats suivants : Caracterisation ecologique regionale, description hydrologique et des flux du systeme de lac ; il a ete constate que l'accumulation importante des sediments n'est pas due uniquement au vieillissement naturel mais aussi aux rejets des eaux usees d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Etude de la pollution du systeme de lacs par l'analyse des sediments ; les sediments, les elements traces et les microorganismes pathogenes humains sont des indicateurs aptes a demontrer la pollution d'origine urbaine et industrielle. Decouvrir la repartition horizontale de la pollution ; l'accumulation des elements trace metalliques est plus importante dans les lacs qui ont subits des rejets directs des eaux usees, les metaux lourds etant lies surtout a la matiere en suspension sedimentant facilement ; par contre les microorganismes pathogenes dependent fortement du pilotage des eaux (eaux stagnantes, manque en oxygene), et elle peut avoir une valeur maximale loin des points de rejet. Estimation de la quantite des sediments et de la vitesse de la sedimentation ; cette vitesse peut etre estimee a l'aide de la repartition verticale des isotopes 137Cs et 134Cs provenant de l'accident de Tchernobyl ; de 1986 a 1995, l'epaisseur des sediments a augmente de 35 cm, soit 3,5 a 4 cm / an. Etude de la mobilisation environnementale des ETM accumules dans les sediments
Water quality and chemical conditions of sediment were analysed in this study in the case of two ... more Water quality and chemical conditions of sediment were analysed in this study in the case of two water bodies: Marcal River and Mezőlak Lakes. Three sampling points were designated for both the lakes and Marcal considering water flow directions. Of water and sediment samples taken from both water bodies nitate, ammonium, phosphate, sulphate, COD and heavy metal contents were determined. Vegetation cover, relief-geological and habitat features as well as environmental impacts were all taken into consideration during evaluation of the results. It has been found that nitrate and phosphate ion concentrations are below the threshold limits and that water is of good quality. In the case of COD effects of peat is traceable. Higher concentration of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium ion in Marcal River than in the lakes indicates anthropogenic impact. Heavy metal content of water and sediment proved to be lower than the threshold limit value and its concentration changes opposite to flow direc...
Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment... more Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment and human society. The accumulation and adsorption of heavy metals could happen with several organic and inorganic matters, but the most used adsorbents are (biological and chemical) organic compounds. This review article presents the basics of heavy metal adsorption on several organic surfaces. There are many organic matters, which seem to be useful as agents for heavy metal adsorption. All of the cited authors and articles present the adsorption kinetics by the most used isotherm models (such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms). By comparing several research results presented by a pre-selected assortment of papers, we would like to give an overview of the microbiological, organic chemical, and other surface adsorption possibilities. We draw conclusions for two new adsorption fields (adsorption with biosorbent and artificial materials). We present an optional possibility to study ads...
Kutatásunkban a potenciálisan toxikus elemszennyezés által okozott környezeti kockázat becslésére... more Kutatásunkban a potenciálisan toxikus elemszennyezés által okozott környezeti kockázat becslésére alkalmazott, az EU Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) által 1993-ban ajánlott 3+1 lépéses extrakcióval végzett frakcionálás kritikai értékelésével foglalkoztunk, az elemdetektálásra korábban optimalizált multielemes ICP-OES kalibrációt alkalmazva. Munkánk fő célja a HNO3/H2O2 eleggyel végzett mikrohullámú feltárás, továbbá a királyvízzel végzett mikrohullámú feltárás és a királyvízzel visszafolyós hűtős extraktorral végzett feltárás alkalmazhatóságának összehasonlítása a reziduális és pszeudototál frakciók meghatározása során. Vizsgálataink eredményei alapján azt tapasztaltuk, hogy mind a BCR1-4 frakció összegénél, mind az összes kioldásnál a koncentrációk a visszafolyós hűtős királyvizes extrakció esetében a legnagyobbak, a mikrohullámmal támogatott királyvíz és a mikrohullámmal támogatott salétromsav/hidrogén-peroxid kivonás közel azonos hatásfokú. Tehát a salétromsav/hidrogén-peroxi...
Freshwater sediment and biofilm samples from different supports were collected from two test site... more Freshwater sediment and biofilm samples from different supports were collected from two test sites (Košice, Slovakia and Gödöllő, Hungary) which represent different situations of environmental pollution. Pseudototal heavy metal concentration of the samples was analysed after microwave-assisted digestion with HNO3/H2O2. Fractionation of the heavy metal content was performed by the BCR procedure and another extraction scheme based on the sequential application of supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O and their mixture developed in our institute. Heavy metal concentration in the extracts was measured by inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Comparison of the two fractionation methods showed that rapid remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic environment can be characterised by the CO2/H2O sequential extraction, too. Influence of the sample type (sediment vs. biofilm) on the estimation of the level of heavy metal pollution was studied. On the basis of the resul...
The estimation of environmental risk caused by pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) is... more The estimation of environmental risk caused by pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTE) is usually carried out using the (3+1) step sequential extraction procedure suggested in 1993 by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). In the 1st step the water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate-bound element content is extracted with acetic acid. In 2002 a fractionation procedure based on the application of supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O and of a mixture of subcritical H2O/CO2 was proposed, which allowed the water-soluble and carbonatebound element contents to be extracted separately from sediment or soil samples weighed into the preparative column of a supercritical fluid extractor and diluted with quartz sand in a mass ratio of 1:20. The aim of the present study was to develop a new reduced-size column construction with which this dilution rate could be decreased to 1:2. A kinetic study was performed to determine the extraction time necessary for samples with different carbonat...
Sediment samples were taken from the Tisza–Szamos area and Gödöllő lake system. A new sequential ... more Sediment samples were taken from the Tisza–Szamos area and Gödöllő lake system. A new sequential extraction scheme in a supercritical extractor using supercritical CO2, subcritical H2O, and a subcritical mixture of 90% H2O and 10% CO2 as solvents was employed. This procedure provides relevant information about environmentally mobile heavy metal fractions (water-soluble, bicarbonate-forming) of sediments during a reasonably short time
For the characterisation of the environmental mobility of heavy metal contamination in aquatic se... more For the characterisation of the environmental mobility of heavy metal contamination in aquatic sediments, the EU Bureau of Reference has proposed a fractionation by sequential extraction procedure. For its validation, the CRM-701 sample is available containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. In this paper, the matrix-matched calibration problems are presented. A multi-elemental inductively coupled plasma-optical emission technique is employed for the detection of heavy metals in the extracts. It was established that the sensitivities are strongly influenced by the extractants, which causes significant matrix effects: the sensitivities are strongly influenced by the solvents applied in extraction steps; the summarised recoveries show an acceptable agreement with the certified values; however, in the individual extraction steps for certain elements significant differences may occur due to the neglected interferences. Therefore, further optimisation is required utilising the flexible line ...
Page 1. ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING S Vol. 18, No. 1 2011 György HELTAI1*, Dagmar REMETE... more Page 1. ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING S Vol. 18, No. 1 2011 György HELTAI1*, Dagmar REMETEIOVÁ2, Márk HORVÁTH1, Éva SZÉLES3 Gábor HALÁSZ1, Ilona FEKETE1 and Karol FLÓRIÁN2 VARIOUS ...
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