The purpose of this study was to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing ... more The purpose of this study was to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated in the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic. Out of 109 ESBL-producing UPEC isolates, the CTX-M-15-producing E. coli O25b-ST131 was detected in 55 (50.5%) and the CTX-M-27-producing E. coli O25b-ST131 in 40 isolates (36.7%). Most isolates were distributed among three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters and were characterized by low variability relative to antibiotic resistance patterns, in E. coli phylogroups and by the prevalence of virulence and bacteriocin determinants. Despite this, 14 groups of identical isolates (comprising a total of 41 isolates) were identified when all tested parameters of E. coli were combined. Since the occurrence of E. coli B2-O25b-ST131 CTX-M-27 was only recently described in Asia, the frequent isolation of this lineage among patients in South Moravia suggests an efficient transfer of this clone from Asian countries. The limited variability of detected parameters of ESBL-producing UPEC strains is consistent with a common origin of the analyzed isolates, in which there is an ongoing process of genetic diversification.
We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fl... more We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and Salmonella isolates in wild birds in Arctic Svalbard, Norway. Cloacal swabs of little auks (Alle alle, n=215) and samples of faeces of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus, n=15) were examined. Inducible production of AmpC enzyme was detected in E. cloacae KW218 isolate. Sequence analysis of the 1146 bp PCR product of the ampC gene from this isolate revealed 99% sequence homology with the blaACT-14 and blaACT-5 AmpC beta-lactamase genes. Four, respectively six of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms generated amino acid substitutions in the amino acid chain. As the ampC sequence polymorphism in the investigated E. cloacae strain was identified as unique, we revealed a novel variant of the ampC beta-lactamase gene blaACT-23.
Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. col... more Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains. A total of 114 E. coli isolates were characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance in a prospective study of 319 broilers from 12 slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic, a European Union member, during 2008. PCR-based assays to define ExPEC-associated traits were performed in resistant strains. Consumption of antimicrobial drugs by poultry in the Czech Republic was also analyzed. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 82% of isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was predominant. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnrB19 and qnrS1, were detected in 1 and 3 of 93 resistant isolates, respectively. Twenty-three percent of resistant isolates were considered as ExPEC. In total, 972 kg of flumequine, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin were used in poultry in the Czech Republic during 2008. High prevalence of broilers with ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates was linked to consumption of quinolones in poultry. Broilers may comprise an important vehicle for community-wide dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and ExPEC. Withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in chicken production should be seriously considered in the Czech Republic and the European Union as well.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing ... more The purpose of this study was to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated in the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic. Out of 109 ESBL-producing UPEC isolates, the CTX-M-15-producing E. coli O25b-ST131 was detected in 55 (50.5%) and the CTX-M-27-producing E. coli O25b-ST131 in 40 isolates (36.7%). Most isolates were distributed among three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters and were characterized by low variability relative to antibiotic resistance patterns, in E. coli phylogroups and by the prevalence of virulence and bacteriocin determinants. Despite this, 14 groups of identical isolates (comprising a total of 41 isolates) were identified when all tested parameters of E. coli were combined. Since the occurrence of E. coli B2-O25b-ST131 CTX-M-27 was only recently described in Asia, the frequent isolation of this lineage among patients in South Moravia suggests an efficient transfer of this clone from Asian countries. The limited variability of detected parameters of ESBL-producing UPEC strains is consistent with a common origin of the analyzed isolates, in which there is an ongoing process of genetic diversification.
We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fl... more We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and Salmonella isolates in wild birds in Arctic Svalbard, Norway. Cloacal swabs of little auks (Alle alle, n=215) and samples of faeces of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus, n=15) were examined. Inducible production of AmpC enzyme was detected in E. cloacae KW218 isolate. Sequence analysis of the 1146 bp PCR product of the ampC gene from this isolate revealed 99% sequence homology with the blaACT-14 and blaACT-5 AmpC beta-lactamase genes. Four, respectively six of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms generated amino acid substitutions in the amino acid chain. As the ampC sequence polymorphism in the investigated E. cloacae strain was identified as unique, we revealed a novel variant of the ampC beta-lactamase gene blaACT-23.
Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. col... more Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains. A total of 114 E. coli isolates were characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance in a prospective study of 319 broilers from 12 slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic, a European Union member, during 2008. PCR-based assays to define ExPEC-associated traits were performed in resistant strains. Consumption of antimicrobial drugs by poultry in the Czech Republic was also analyzed. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 82% of isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was predominant. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnrB19 and qnrS1, were detected in 1 and 3 of 93 resistant isolates, respectively. Twenty-three percent of resistant isolates were considered as ExPEC. In total, 972 kg of flumequine, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin were used in poultry in the Czech Republic during 2008. High prevalence of broilers with ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates was linked to consumption of quinolones in poultry. Broilers may comprise an important vehicle for community-wide dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and ExPEC. Withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in chicken production should be seriously considered in the Czech Republic and the European Union as well.
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Papers by Ivana Jamborová