Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomy of the medial collateral ligament of th... more Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomy of the medial collateral ligament of the Articulatio cubiti and to analyse its clinical importance. Methods: Eight alcohol-formalin-glycerol þxed elbow joints were dissected (age range 65 Ð 78). The muscles of the arm, elbow and the forearm were removed. The ligaments of the elbow joint were þnely dissected. The joint cavity was opened and the intra-articular anatomy of the medial collateral ligament was described. Results: In all the investigated specimens the Lig. collaterale ulnare was composed of three parts Ð Partes anterior, posterior et obliquus. The oblique (transverse) part of the ligament spread between Processus coronoideus and Olecranon. Intra-articularly the Pars obliqua strengthened the joint capsule at the lower part of the ulnohumeral connection in all the dissected specimens. Conclusions: It is the common belief, that the oblique part of the Lig. collaterale ulnare is unstable anatomical variation, that does ...
Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, 2007
The effect of 4-week individualized rehabilitation on shoulder muscle strength and fatigability w... more The effect of 4-week individualized rehabilitation on shoulder muscle strength and fatigability was evaluated in 10 patients with frozen shoulder syndrome (FSS) in comparison of 10 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force of the shoulder flexors was measured by hand-held dynamometer. Isometric endurance of the shoulder muscles was characterized by endurance time and net impulse (NI) assessed during weight (30% MVC) holding in hand until exhaustion. Fatigability of deltoideus, infraspinatus and trapezius muscles during isometric endurance test was assessed by electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum median frequency (MF) slope per minute. Rehabilitation in patients with FSS consisted of exercise therapy in swimming pool and gymnasium, electrical therapy and massage. Before rehabilitation, patients with FSS had less (p < 0.05) isometric MVC force and NI during endurance test compared to the control. MF slope in patients with F...
Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, 2003
High-load coordination dynamics were measured in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians,... more High-load coordination dynamics were measured in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians, patients with spinal cord injury and a patient with multiple sclerosis during exercise on a special coordination dynamic therapy device to quantify improvement in the central nervous system (CNS) organization due to therapy in patients and to quantify differences in the CNS organization between healthy subjects and patients with CNS injury. The values of high-load coordination dynamics for the group of athletes were two times better than those of physiotherapists, gymnasts and musicians, but still two times poorer than the best value achieved so far in a patient with a spinal cord injury after 10 months of continuous intensive coordination dynamics therapy. Especially the physiotherapists, gymnasts and musicians had poor coordination between arms and legs for the difficult intermediate coordinations between pace and trot gait for high load. Exhaustion of the CNS and improvement of CNS f...
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the cap-suloligamentous structures of the shoulder ... more Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the cap-suloligamentous structures of the shoulder joint and their association with rotator cuff tendons. Methods: Twenty seven alcohol-formalin-glycerol þxed right shoulder joints (age range 65 Ð 78 years) were investigated. The Ligg. coracohumerale, coracoglenoidale, glenohumeralia, semicirculare humeri and gleno-capsulare were dissected in þne detail. To visualise the rotator interval, the Processus coracoideus was cut at its base and moved together with the Ligg. coracohumerale and coracoglenoidale posteriorly. The analysis of the ligamentous structures and their relations with the rotator cuff tendons was performed. Results: The Lig. coracohumerale originated from Processus coracoideus and Lig. coracoglenoidale. It inserted into the Lig.semicirculare humeri Ð a capsular ligament spread between Tubercula minus et majus. Lig. glenocapsulare originated posterior to the Tuberculum supragle-noidale and inserted into the Lig. semicircular...
Ligamentum semicirculare humeri ehk rotaatorkaabel on hiljuti avastatud sidemelis-kapsulaarne str... more Ligamentum semicirculare humeri ehk rotaatorkaabel on hiljuti avastatud sidemelis-kapsulaarne struktuur olaliigese kapsli ulemis-lateraalses osas. Esialgsed anatoomilised kirjeldused sellest sidemest on tehtud fi kseeritud preparaatidel. Meie uuringu eesmargiks oli vorrelda kirjeldust fikseerimata preparaatidel eelnevate uuringute tulemustega ja visualiseerida see side artroskoopia kaigus. Ligamentum semicirculare humeri esines koigil uuritud preparaatidel. Side algas kahest kohast – tuberculum minus’e ulemiselt fassetilt ja tuberculum majus’e eesmis-ulemiselt fassetilt –, kulges kaarjalt m. supraspinatus’e ja m. infraspinatus’e kooluste all ning kinnitus tuberculum majus’e tagumisele fassetile m. infraspintus’e ja m. teres minor’i kooluste vahelisel alal. Histoloogiliselt koosnes see side paralleelsetest kollageenkiudude kimpudest. Ligamentum semicirculare humeri’st soltub rotaatormanseti lihaste kooluste ruptuuri kuju, kuna ta moodustab kahjustatud m. supraspinatus’e kooluse defek...
In the present study we examined the structure and the blood supply of the long biceps tendon as ... more In the present study we examined the structure and the blood supply of the long biceps tendon as well as the surface of the intertubercular sulcus, using tissue samples from children and adults. The applied methods were light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and arterial injection techniques. The tendon represents a sliding tendon with the intertubercular sulcus and humeral head as hypomochlion. The parts facing the humerus show some ultrastructural features of fibrous cartilage, the ovoid chondrocyte-like cells of the tendon lying within felt-like matrix. In the opposite part adjacent to the capsule, the tendon resembles a traction tendon. The intertubercular sulcus is covered by fibrous cartilage. The tendon is supplied with arteries from three different sources. The density of intratendinous vessels in the traction zone is comparable to that of other tendons, while in the sliding zone it is markably decreased. The immediate vicinity of the sliding surface is avascular. Our findings show that the long biceps tendon is structurally adapted to both its functions as sliding and traction tendon. The blood supply seems to be related to the metabolic requirements of the different parts of the tendon.
This study evaluated changes in shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder after 4-week r... more This study evaluated changes in shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder after 4-week rehabilitation combining exercise with electrical therapy and massage. Ten patients with frozen shoulder (mean +/- standard error (SE) age 50.2+/-4.6 years) and 10 control subjects (49.8+/-4.6 years) participated in the study. Standard goniometric measurements were used to assess shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation active range of motion. Isometric maximal force of the shoulder flexors, abductors, adductors, internal and external rotators was measured by hand-held dynamometer. Shoulder muscle isometric endurance was characterized by net impulse assessed during weight (30% of maximal force) holding in hand till exhaustion. Shoulder pain was assessed by visual analogue scale. Before rehabilitation, patients with frozen shoulder had less (p<0.05) active range of motion and shoulder muscle maximal force for all measured directions, and less (p&...
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomy of the medial collateral ligament of th... more Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomy of the medial collateral ligament of the Articulatio cubiti and to analyse its clinical importance. Methods: Eight alcohol-formalin-glycerol þxed elbow joints were dissected (age range 65 Ð 78). The muscles of the arm, elbow and the forearm were removed. The ligaments of the elbow joint were þnely dissected. The joint cavity was opened and the intra-articular anatomy of the medial collateral ligament was described. Results: In all the investigated specimens the Lig. collaterale ulnare was composed of three parts Ð Partes anterior, posterior et obliquus. The oblique (transverse) part of the ligament spread between Processus coronoideus and Olecranon. Intra-articularly the Pars obliqua strengthened the joint capsule at the lower part of the ulnohumeral connection in all the dissected specimens. Conclusions: It is the common belief, that the oblique part of the Lig. collaterale ulnare is unstable anatomical variation, that does ...
Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, 2007
The effect of 4-week individualized rehabilitation on shoulder muscle strength and fatigability w... more The effect of 4-week individualized rehabilitation on shoulder muscle strength and fatigability was evaluated in 10 patients with frozen shoulder syndrome (FSS) in comparison of 10 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force of the shoulder flexors was measured by hand-held dynamometer. Isometric endurance of the shoulder muscles was characterized by endurance time and net impulse (NI) assessed during weight (30% MVC) holding in hand until exhaustion. Fatigability of deltoideus, infraspinatus and trapezius muscles during isometric endurance test was assessed by electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum median frequency (MF) slope per minute. Rehabilitation in patients with FSS consisted of exercise therapy in swimming pool and gymnasium, electrical therapy and massage. Before rehabilitation, patients with FSS had less (p < 0.05) isometric MVC force and NI during endurance test compared to the control. MF slope in patients with F...
Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, 2003
High-load coordination dynamics were measured in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians,... more High-load coordination dynamics were measured in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians, patients with spinal cord injury and a patient with multiple sclerosis during exercise on a special coordination dynamic therapy device to quantify improvement in the central nervous system (CNS) organization due to therapy in patients and to quantify differences in the CNS organization between healthy subjects and patients with CNS injury. The values of high-load coordination dynamics for the group of athletes were two times better than those of physiotherapists, gymnasts and musicians, but still two times poorer than the best value achieved so far in a patient with a spinal cord injury after 10 months of continuous intensive coordination dynamics therapy. Especially the physiotherapists, gymnasts and musicians had poor coordination between arms and legs for the difficult intermediate coordinations between pace and trot gait for high load. Exhaustion of the CNS and improvement of CNS f...
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the cap-suloligamentous structures of the shoulder ... more Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the cap-suloligamentous structures of the shoulder joint and their association with rotator cuff tendons. Methods: Twenty seven alcohol-formalin-glycerol þxed right shoulder joints (age range 65 Ð 78 years) were investigated. The Ligg. coracohumerale, coracoglenoidale, glenohumeralia, semicirculare humeri and gleno-capsulare were dissected in þne detail. To visualise the rotator interval, the Processus coracoideus was cut at its base and moved together with the Ligg. coracohumerale and coracoglenoidale posteriorly. The analysis of the ligamentous structures and their relations with the rotator cuff tendons was performed. Results: The Lig. coracohumerale originated from Processus coracoideus and Lig. coracoglenoidale. It inserted into the Lig.semicirculare humeri Ð a capsular ligament spread between Tubercula minus et majus. Lig. glenocapsulare originated posterior to the Tuberculum supragle-noidale and inserted into the Lig. semicircular...
Ligamentum semicirculare humeri ehk rotaatorkaabel on hiljuti avastatud sidemelis-kapsulaarne str... more Ligamentum semicirculare humeri ehk rotaatorkaabel on hiljuti avastatud sidemelis-kapsulaarne struktuur olaliigese kapsli ulemis-lateraalses osas. Esialgsed anatoomilised kirjeldused sellest sidemest on tehtud fi kseeritud preparaatidel. Meie uuringu eesmargiks oli vorrelda kirjeldust fikseerimata preparaatidel eelnevate uuringute tulemustega ja visualiseerida see side artroskoopia kaigus. Ligamentum semicirculare humeri esines koigil uuritud preparaatidel. Side algas kahest kohast – tuberculum minus’e ulemiselt fassetilt ja tuberculum majus’e eesmis-ulemiselt fassetilt –, kulges kaarjalt m. supraspinatus’e ja m. infraspinatus’e kooluste all ning kinnitus tuberculum majus’e tagumisele fassetile m. infraspintus’e ja m. teres minor’i kooluste vahelisel alal. Histoloogiliselt koosnes see side paralleelsetest kollageenkiudude kimpudest. Ligamentum semicirculare humeri’st soltub rotaatormanseti lihaste kooluste ruptuuri kuju, kuna ta moodustab kahjustatud m. supraspinatus’e kooluse defek...
In the present study we examined the structure and the blood supply of the long biceps tendon as ... more In the present study we examined the structure and the blood supply of the long biceps tendon as well as the surface of the intertubercular sulcus, using tissue samples from children and adults. The applied methods were light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and arterial injection techniques. The tendon represents a sliding tendon with the intertubercular sulcus and humeral head as hypomochlion. The parts facing the humerus show some ultrastructural features of fibrous cartilage, the ovoid chondrocyte-like cells of the tendon lying within felt-like matrix. In the opposite part adjacent to the capsule, the tendon resembles a traction tendon. The intertubercular sulcus is covered by fibrous cartilage. The tendon is supplied with arteries from three different sources. The density of intratendinous vessels in the traction zone is comparable to that of other tendons, while in the sliding zone it is markably decreased. The immediate vicinity of the sliding surface is avascular. Our findings show that the long biceps tendon is structurally adapted to both its functions as sliding and traction tendon. The blood supply seems to be related to the metabolic requirements of the different parts of the tendon.
This study evaluated changes in shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder after 4-week r... more This study evaluated changes in shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder after 4-week rehabilitation combining exercise with electrical therapy and massage. Ten patients with frozen shoulder (mean +/- standard error (SE) age 50.2+/-4.6 years) and 10 control subjects (49.8+/-4.6 years) participated in the study. Standard goniometric measurements were used to assess shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation active range of motion. Isometric maximal force of the shoulder flexors, abductors, adductors, internal and external rotators was measured by hand-held dynamometer. Shoulder muscle isometric endurance was characterized by net impulse assessed during weight (30% of maximal force) holding in hand till exhaustion. Shoulder pain was assessed by visual analogue scale. Before rehabilitation, patients with frozen shoulder had less (p<0.05) active range of motion and shoulder muscle maximal force for all measured directions, and less (p&...
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