The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat... more The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat variety Frontana was investigated in the GK Mini Manó/Frontana DH population (n = 168). The plant material was evaluated across seven epidemic environments for FHB, Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents caused by two Fusarium species (F. culmorum and F. graminearum). The effects of phenotypic traits such as plant height and heading date were also considered in the experiments. In the population, 527 polymorph markers (DArT, SSR) within a distance of 1,381 cM distance were mapped. The quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) on chromosomes 4A and 4B demonstrated a significant linkage only with FHB, while QTL on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7A and 7B were linked to DON accumulation alone. Regions determining all the investigated Fusarium resistance traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 3B, 5A, 5B and 6B. The markers in these regions are of the greatest significance from the aspect of resistance breeding. Our results indicate that the genetic background of resistance against FHB, FDK and DON accumulation can differ, and all these traits should be taken under consideration during resistance tests. Moreover, this is the first report on the mapping of Frontana-derived QTL that influence DON accumulation, which is important since the level of DON contamination determines the actions of the food and feed industries. Selection should therefore also focus on this trait by using molecular markers linked to DON content.
In cereal breeding, in vitro androgenesis methods are frequently applied to achieve doubled haplo... more In cereal breeding, in vitro androgenesis methods are frequently applied to achieve doubled haploid (DH) plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype (three registered varieties and eight F1 crossing combinations) and induction medium (W14mf and P4mf) on anther cultures (ACs) of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack). Androgenesis was induced in the treatment of each tested genotype, and the genotype significantly influenced the efficiency of AC, including in embryo-like structures (ELSs), albinos, green plantlets, and transplanted plantlets. The utilized medium also had a significant effect on the number of ELSs, albinos, and transplanted plantlets. Both media were suitable for AC in triticale DH plant production. The efficiency of AC was higher when using the P4mf medium (103.7 ELS/100 anthers, 19.7 green plantlets/100 anthers) than when using the W14mf medium (90.0 ELS/100 anthers, 17.0 green plantlets/100 anthers). However, the green plantlet regeneration ...
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. ... more Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. Improving drought tolerance is a challenge that plant breeders are facing nowadays. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the Plainsman V./Cappelle Desprez doubled haploid (DH) population under drought induced as decreased irrigation (ds) and well-watered (ww) conditions in glasshouse. In total, 54 QTL were detected across the three years in two water regimes linked to 10 drought tolerance-related agronomic traits. Out of the detected QTL regions several have been previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 1A (wPt-744613-wPt-8016) related to thousand grain weight was detected in both ds and ww conditions, explaining the 12.7–17.4% of the phenotypic variance. QTL for grain yield was detected on chromosomes 1A, and 6B in the ds treatment. Numerous QTL was identified under both irrigation levels.
Genetic stability of doubled haploid (DH) lines of androgenetic origin is the prerequisite of the... more Genetic stability of doubled haploid (DH) lines of androgenetic origin is the prerequisite of their breeding value. In our investigations GK Gobe: a traditional cultivar, GK Delibab: a cultivar of doubled haploid origin, various DH lines of GK Gobe (first cycle DH lines) and DH lines of GK Delibab (second cycle DH lines) were compared with PCR-based molecular techniques. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from randomly selected individuals of these groups and analysed by RAPD, SSR and AFLP methods. The objective of these analyses was to determine the existence or magnitude of difference between cultivars produced by classical and haploid methods (populations are represented by the individuals of each group), and to find which marker system would be most suitable to investigate the homogeneity of DH populations. From the 30 RAPD primers tested, only 6 differentiated the two cultivars (GK Gobe and Delibab). Individual polymorphism could not be observed. There were 7 fragments generated on 12 loci with 9 SSR primers, which were suitable to differentiate the two cultivars. Individual polymorphisms could not be detected between the cultivars, or within the group of first and second cycle DH lines. In the AFLP analyses, 7 of 8 primer combinations were suitable to show differences, resulting in an average of 100–150 fragments. Eighty-one polymorphic fragments were obtained with these 7 primer combinations. Twenty-three of the 81 polymorphic (bands) markers could detect individual differences. Nine of them were suitable to separate cultivar GK Gobe and its DH group. Based on AFLP fragments, the fewest individual polymorphisms were obtained within the DH group of GK Delibab (second cycle DH lines). This result is probably due to repeated application of haploidization techniques. Presumably, the repeated DH production increased the level of homogeneity, as suggested by the significant decrease of the number of polymorphic bands in the second cycle DH lines. Each group consists of individuals, which can be genetically considered as progeny mixture of homozygous recombinants used for the establishment of the given population. Differences between the DH lines of one cultivar may be due to the consequences of the gametoclonal variation, which is fixed at individual level in the homozygous (DH) genome.
... pollen. J Exp Bot 24:139144 Guha S, Iyer RD, Gupta N, Swaminathan MS (1970) Totipotency of g... more ... pollen. J Exp Bot 24:139144 Guha S, Iyer RD, Gupta N, Swaminathan MS (1970) Totipotency of gametic cells and the produc-tion of haploids in rice. Curr ... pp. 763772 Khush GS, Virmani SS (1996) Haploids in plant breeding. In ...
The main goals of the wheat androgenesis experiment were to study the main phenomena of in vitro ... more The main goals of the wheat androgenesis experiment were to study the main phenomena of in vitro androgenesis in anther culture of F2 populations (10) and their parents (6), to compare the usage of P-4 and C-17 media for the formation of embryo/callus and to demonstrate a new plant regeneration system. The P-4 induction medium was found to be significantly better than the C-17 in the number of responsive anthers (RA) and calli induced (CI) at the 1 % and 0.1 % level, respectively. Genotypic effect was evident in both RA and CI. The yields of F2 populations in RA and CI were significantly higher than those of their parents regarding both media. The data confirmed the existence of heterosis for RA and CI in F2 populations. The ratio of green/albino plant regeneration was more favourable in the C-17 derived embryo/calli than in the P-4 derived ones. The frequency of plantlet regeneration was enhanced in the group of unresponsive calli by the application of the multiple-step regeneration system. In this system the calli lacking well developed morphogenic structure were transferred to a new regeneration medium, containing a higher concentration of the same cytokinin, other cytokinin or basic medium, before the occurrence of irreversible changes in their physiology.
The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat... more The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat variety Frontana was investigated in the GK Mini Manó/Frontana DH population (n = 168). The plant material was evaluated across seven epidemic environments for FHB, Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents caused by two Fusarium species (F. culmorum and F. graminearum). The effects of phenotypic traits such as plant height and heading date were also considered in the experiments. In the population, 527 polymorph markers (DArT, SSR) within a distance of 1,381 cM distance were mapped. The quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) on chromosomes 4A and 4B demonstrated a significant linkage only with FHB, while QTL on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7A and 7B were linked to DON accumulation alone. Regions determining all the investigated Fusarium resistance traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 3B, 5A, 5B and 6B. The markers in these regions are of the greatest significance from the aspect of resistance breeding. Our results indicate that the genetic background of resistance against FHB, FDK and DON accumulation can differ, and all these traits should be taken under consideration during resistance tests. Moreover, this is the first report on the mapping of Frontana-derived QTL that influence DON accumulation, which is important since the level of DON contamination determines the actions of the food and feed industries. Selection should therefore also focus on this trait by using molecular markers linked to DON content.
In cereal breeding, in vitro androgenesis methods are frequently applied to achieve doubled haplo... more In cereal breeding, in vitro androgenesis methods are frequently applied to achieve doubled haploid (DH) plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype (three registered varieties and eight F1 crossing combinations) and induction medium (W14mf and P4mf) on anther cultures (ACs) of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack). Androgenesis was induced in the treatment of each tested genotype, and the genotype significantly influenced the efficiency of AC, including in embryo-like structures (ELSs), albinos, green plantlets, and transplanted plantlets. The utilized medium also had a significant effect on the number of ELSs, albinos, and transplanted plantlets. Both media were suitable for AC in triticale DH plant production. The efficiency of AC was higher when using the P4mf medium (103.7 ELS/100 anthers, 19.7 green plantlets/100 anthers) than when using the W14mf medium (90.0 ELS/100 anthers, 17.0 green plantlets/100 anthers). However, the green plantlet regeneration ...
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. ... more Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. Improving drought tolerance is a challenge that plant breeders are facing nowadays. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the Plainsman V./Cappelle Desprez doubled haploid (DH) population under drought induced as decreased irrigation (ds) and well-watered (ww) conditions in glasshouse. In total, 54 QTL were detected across the three years in two water regimes linked to 10 drought tolerance-related agronomic traits. Out of the detected QTL regions several have been previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 1A (wPt-744613-wPt-8016) related to thousand grain weight was detected in both ds and ww conditions, explaining the 12.7–17.4% of the phenotypic variance. QTL for grain yield was detected on chromosomes 1A, and 6B in the ds treatment. Numerous QTL was identified under both irrigation levels.
Genetic stability of doubled haploid (DH) lines of androgenetic origin is the prerequisite of the... more Genetic stability of doubled haploid (DH) lines of androgenetic origin is the prerequisite of their breeding value. In our investigations GK Gobe: a traditional cultivar, GK Delibab: a cultivar of doubled haploid origin, various DH lines of GK Gobe (first cycle DH lines) and DH lines of GK Delibab (second cycle DH lines) were compared with PCR-based molecular techniques. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from randomly selected individuals of these groups and analysed by RAPD, SSR and AFLP methods. The objective of these analyses was to determine the existence or magnitude of difference between cultivars produced by classical and haploid methods (populations are represented by the individuals of each group), and to find which marker system would be most suitable to investigate the homogeneity of DH populations. From the 30 RAPD primers tested, only 6 differentiated the two cultivars (GK Gobe and Delibab). Individual polymorphism could not be observed. There were 7 fragments generated on 12 loci with 9 SSR primers, which were suitable to differentiate the two cultivars. Individual polymorphisms could not be detected between the cultivars, or within the group of first and second cycle DH lines. In the AFLP analyses, 7 of 8 primer combinations were suitable to show differences, resulting in an average of 100–150 fragments. Eighty-one polymorphic fragments were obtained with these 7 primer combinations. Twenty-three of the 81 polymorphic (bands) markers could detect individual differences. Nine of them were suitable to separate cultivar GK Gobe and its DH group. Based on AFLP fragments, the fewest individual polymorphisms were obtained within the DH group of GK Delibab (second cycle DH lines). This result is probably due to repeated application of haploidization techniques. Presumably, the repeated DH production increased the level of homogeneity, as suggested by the significant decrease of the number of polymorphic bands in the second cycle DH lines. Each group consists of individuals, which can be genetically considered as progeny mixture of homozygous recombinants used for the establishment of the given population. Differences between the DH lines of one cultivar may be due to the consequences of the gametoclonal variation, which is fixed at individual level in the homozygous (DH) genome.
... pollen. J Exp Bot 24:139144 Guha S, Iyer RD, Gupta N, Swaminathan MS (1970) Totipotency of g... more ... pollen. J Exp Bot 24:139144 Guha S, Iyer RD, Gupta N, Swaminathan MS (1970) Totipotency of gametic cells and the produc-tion of haploids in rice. Curr ... pp. 763772 Khush GS, Virmani SS (1996) Haploids in plant breeding. In ...
The main goals of the wheat androgenesis experiment were to study the main phenomena of in vitro ... more The main goals of the wheat androgenesis experiment were to study the main phenomena of in vitro androgenesis in anther culture of F2 populations (10) and their parents (6), to compare the usage of P-4 and C-17 media for the formation of embryo/callus and to demonstrate a new plant regeneration system. The P-4 induction medium was found to be significantly better than the C-17 in the number of responsive anthers (RA) and calli induced (CI) at the 1 % and 0.1 % level, respectively. Genotypic effect was evident in both RA and CI. The yields of F2 populations in RA and CI were significantly higher than those of their parents regarding both media. The data confirmed the existence of heterosis for RA and CI in F2 populations. The ratio of green/albino plant regeneration was more favourable in the C-17 derived embryo/calli than in the P-4 derived ones. The frequency of plantlet regeneration was enhanced in the group of unresponsive calli by the application of the multiple-step regeneration system. In this system the calli lacking well developed morphogenic structure were transferred to a new regeneration medium, containing a higher concentration of the same cytokinin, other cytokinin or basic medium, before the occurrence of irreversible changes in their physiology.
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