This case shows many of the imaging features classically associated with meningiomas. The illustr... more This case shows many of the imaging features classically associated with meningiomas. The illustrations show common location, shape, and local effects as well as enhancement characteristics. Hyperostosis and bone destruction, a fluid "cleft" surrounding the extraaxial mass, gray-white interface displacement, and secondary intraparenchymal changes are correlated with gross pathology findings. These key features are summarized in Table 1 and the composite anatomic diagram (Fig. 6).
To evaluate the utility of a recently reported simple measure of brain atrophy on MR imaging, the... more To evaluate the utility of a recently reported simple measure of brain atrophy on MR imaging, the interuncal distance (IUD). Measurements of the IUD were made over a 12-month interval in 10 patients with probable early Alzheimer disease and in a comparison group of age-matched healthy control subjects. The measurements were made in both the transaxial and coronal planes. Significant group differences for the coronal measurement of IUD were found in both the absolute value of the measurement and the IUD corrected for head size. There was overlap in IUD between the disease and the control groups. These differences were not found for the transaxial IUD. Significant positive correlations of the IUD with Mini-Mental State Examination score and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale stage were observed. Over the age range tested, age was not significantly correlated with IUD in the sample. The interuncal distance (IUD) is not a useful screening measurement for Alzheimer disease.
Strains of a pink-pigmented Methylobacterium sp. are effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing microsymbion... more Strains of a pink-pigmented Methylobacterium sp. are effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing microsymbionts of species of the African crotalarioid genus Listia. Strain WSM2598 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod isolated in 2002 from a Listia bainesii root nodule collected at Estcourt Research Station in South Africa. Here we describe the features of Methylobacterium sp. WSM2598, together with information and annotation of a high-quality draft genome sequence. The 7,669,765 bp draft genome is arranged in 5 scaffolds of 83 contigs, contains 7,236 protein-coding genes and 18 RNA-only encoding genes. This rhizobial genome is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 G enomic E ncyclopedia for B acteria and A rchaea- R oot N odule B acteria (GEBA-RNB) project.
Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that... more Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from an effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing root nodule formed on the annual legume Ornithopus pinnatus (Miller) Druce growing at Oyster Harbour, Albany district, Western Australia in 1982. This strain is in commercial production as an inoculant for Lupinus and Ornithopus. Here we describe the features of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471, together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 7,784,016 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 1 scaffold of 2 contigs, contains 7,372 protein-coding genes and 58 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 20 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Program.
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spor... more Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod isolated from a root nodule of the annual clover Trifolium pallidum L. growing at Glencoe Research Station near Tacuarembó, Uruguay. This strain is generally ineffective for nitrogen (N2) fixation with clovers of Mediterranean, North American and African origin, but is effective on the South American perennial clover T. polymorphum Poir. Here we describe the features of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597, together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 7,634,384 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 2 scaffolds of 53 contigs, contains 7,394 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 20 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Program.
&... more "Burkholderia sprentiae" strain WSM5005(T) is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated in Australia from an effective N2-fixing root nodule of Lebeckia ambigua collected in Klawer, Western Cape of South Africa, in October 2007. Here we describe the features of…
... Fine textured, neutral and alkaline pH soils in southern Australia commonly contain more than... more ... Fine textured, neutral and alkaline pH soils in southern Australia commonly contain more than 1000 cells g −1 of medic rhizobia (Ballard and Charman, 2000; Brockwell et al., 1991 and Brockwell, 2001), clover rhizobia ( Coventry et al., 1985; Denton et al., 2000 and Ballard et al ...
We evaluated the therapeutic effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), the precursor of serotonin... more We evaluated the therapeutic effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), the precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), combined with carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, in patients with intention myoclonus and examined the serotonin metabolites in spinal fluid, blood and urine before and during therapy. In 18 patients with intention myoclonus due to anoxia or other brain damage, 11 derived more than 50% overall improvement during treatment with L-5HTP and carbidopa. Spinal-fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was 35% lower in patients with intention myoclonus than in controls (P less than 0.05). Therapy with L-5HTP and carbidopa increased the concentration of serotonin metabolites in urine and spinal fluid. We postulate that a deficiency of brain serotonin is causally related to intention myoclonus and that the therapeutic effect of L-5HTP and carbidopa may be due to the repletion of serotonin in regions of the brain where serotoninergic neurons have degenerated.
Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 patients with glioblasto... more Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 patients with glioblastoma to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 70 years (mean, 43), and all had prior surgery and radiation; 5 had also received systemic chemotherapy. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores ranged from 60 to 100% (mean, 79) on admission to the treatment program. Barrier modification was achieved by intracarotid or intravertebral artery infusion of mannitol, and a chemotherapy regimen of methotrexate, cytoxan, and procarbazine was given in conjunction with barrier modification. The 38 glioblastoma patients were compared to two control groups of patients with glioblastoma; these encompassed 14 patients treated with surgery and radiation and 8 treated with surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (corrected for age, sex, presence or absence of necrosis, and functional status) showed that patients receiving chemotherapy with BBB modification had a statistically significant (P = 0.0006) longer expected survival (17.5 months) than the control groups (12.8 and 11.4 months, respectively). Presently 16 patients of the barrier-enhanced treatment group are alive at 5 to 42 months from diagnosis (median, 20) with KPS scores ranging from 40 to 90% (median, 65). The neurological complications seen included a stroke-like syndrome in 3 patients (1 with decreased motor movement in the hand, 1 with marked hemiparesis, and 1 with hemiplegia), transient exacerbation of preexisting neurological deficits lasting 2 to 3 days, and a 15% incidence of seizures during or within 24 hours of the BBB modification. In 2 of the 38 patients, radiographic documentation of central nervous system tumor regression concurrent with the development of new tumor nodule(s) in portions of the brain distant from the region of osmotic BBB opening was seen. These studies indicate that chemotherapeutic drug delivery to tumors (as well as surrounding brain) can be augmented by osmotic BBB modification and that such therapy can result in a prolongation of survival.
The course of a patient with an initially widely patent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebr... more The course of a patient with an initially widely patent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and an enlarged donor vessel is presented. Over 17 months, the STA became markedly stenotic. Serial angiography is correlated with autopsy histological findings showing severe atherosclerotic changes throughout the donor vessel. The potential causative factors, both medical and surgical, are discussed and the appropriate literature is reviewed. Parallels are drawn from the cardiac bypass experience. The bypass itself may have precipitated or accelerated intimal hyperplasia, which stenosed (and may have eventually occluded) the vessel. Is this phenomenon more frequent than we realize?
This case shows many of the imaging features classically associated with meningiomas. The illustr... more This case shows many of the imaging features classically associated with meningiomas. The illustrations show common location, shape, and local effects as well as enhancement characteristics. Hyperostosis and bone destruction, a fluid "cleft" surrounding the extraaxial mass, gray-white interface displacement, and secondary intraparenchymal changes are correlated with gross pathology findings. These key features are summarized in Table 1 and the composite anatomic diagram (Fig. 6).
To evaluate the utility of a recently reported simple measure of brain atrophy on MR imaging, the... more To evaluate the utility of a recently reported simple measure of brain atrophy on MR imaging, the interuncal distance (IUD). Measurements of the IUD were made over a 12-month interval in 10 patients with probable early Alzheimer disease and in a comparison group of age-matched healthy control subjects. The measurements were made in both the transaxial and coronal planes. Significant group differences for the coronal measurement of IUD were found in both the absolute value of the measurement and the IUD corrected for head size. There was overlap in IUD between the disease and the control groups. These differences were not found for the transaxial IUD. Significant positive correlations of the IUD with Mini-Mental State Examination score and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale stage were observed. Over the age range tested, age was not significantly correlated with IUD in the sample. The interuncal distance (IUD) is not a useful screening measurement for Alzheimer disease.
Strains of a pink-pigmented Methylobacterium sp. are effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing microsymbion... more Strains of a pink-pigmented Methylobacterium sp. are effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing microsymbionts of species of the African crotalarioid genus Listia. Strain WSM2598 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod isolated in 2002 from a Listia bainesii root nodule collected at Estcourt Research Station in South Africa. Here we describe the features of Methylobacterium sp. WSM2598, together with information and annotation of a high-quality draft genome sequence. The 7,669,765 bp draft genome is arranged in 5 scaffolds of 83 contigs, contains 7,236 protein-coding genes and 18 RNA-only encoding genes. This rhizobial genome is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 G enomic E ncyclopedia for B acteria and A rchaea- R oot N odule B acteria (GEBA-RNB) project.
Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that... more Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from an effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing root nodule formed on the annual legume Ornithopus pinnatus (Miller) Druce growing at Oyster Harbour, Albany district, Western Australia in 1982. This strain is in commercial production as an inoculant for Lupinus and Ornithopus. Here we describe the features of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain WSM471, together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 7,784,016 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 1 scaffold of 2 contigs, contains 7,372 protein-coding genes and 58 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 20 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Program.
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spor... more Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod isolated from a root nodule of the annual clover Trifolium pallidum L. growing at Glencoe Research Station near Tacuarembó, Uruguay. This strain is generally ineffective for nitrogen (N2) fixation with clovers of Mediterranean, North American and African origin, but is effective on the South American perennial clover T. polymorphum Poir. Here we describe the features of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain WSM597, together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 7,634,384 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 2 scaffolds of 53 contigs, contains 7,394 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 20 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Program.
&... more "Burkholderia sprentiae" strain WSM5005(T) is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated in Australia from an effective N2-fixing root nodule of Lebeckia ambigua collected in Klawer, Western Cape of South Africa, in October 2007. Here we describe the features of…
... Fine textured, neutral and alkaline pH soils in southern Australia commonly contain more than... more ... Fine textured, neutral and alkaline pH soils in southern Australia commonly contain more than 1000 cells g −1 of medic rhizobia (Ballard and Charman, 2000; Brockwell et al., 1991 and Brockwell, 2001), clover rhizobia ( Coventry et al., 1985; Denton et al., 2000 and Ballard et al ...
We evaluated the therapeutic effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), the precursor of serotonin... more We evaluated the therapeutic effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), the precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), combined with carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, in patients with intention myoclonus and examined the serotonin metabolites in spinal fluid, blood and urine before and during therapy. In 18 patients with intention myoclonus due to anoxia or other brain damage, 11 derived more than 50% overall improvement during treatment with L-5HTP and carbidopa. Spinal-fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was 35% lower in patients with intention myoclonus than in controls (P less than 0.05). Therapy with L-5HTP and carbidopa increased the concentration of serotonin metabolites in urine and spinal fluid. We postulate that a deficiency of brain serotonin is causally related to intention myoclonus and that the therapeutic effect of L-5HTP and carbidopa may be due to the repletion of serotonin in regions of the brain where serotoninergic neurons have degenerated.
Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 patients with glioblasto... more Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 patients with glioblastoma to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 70 years (mean, 43), and all had prior surgery and radiation; 5 had also received systemic chemotherapy. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores ranged from 60 to 100% (mean, 79) on admission to the treatment program. Barrier modification was achieved by intracarotid or intravertebral artery infusion of mannitol, and a chemotherapy regimen of methotrexate, cytoxan, and procarbazine was given in conjunction with barrier modification. The 38 glioblastoma patients were compared to two control groups of patients with glioblastoma; these encompassed 14 patients treated with surgery and radiation and 8 treated with surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (corrected for age, sex, presence or absence of necrosis, and functional status) showed that patients receiving chemotherapy with BBB modification had a statistically significant (P = 0.0006) longer expected survival (17.5 months) than the control groups (12.8 and 11.4 months, respectively). Presently 16 patients of the barrier-enhanced treatment group are alive at 5 to 42 months from diagnosis (median, 20) with KPS scores ranging from 40 to 90% (median, 65). The neurological complications seen included a stroke-like syndrome in 3 patients (1 with decreased motor movement in the hand, 1 with marked hemiparesis, and 1 with hemiplegia), transient exacerbation of preexisting neurological deficits lasting 2 to 3 days, and a 15% incidence of seizures during or within 24 hours of the BBB modification. In 2 of the 38 patients, radiographic documentation of central nervous system tumor regression concurrent with the development of new tumor nodule(s) in portions of the brain distant from the region of osmotic BBB opening was seen. These studies indicate that chemotherapeutic drug delivery to tumors (as well as surrounding brain) can be augmented by osmotic BBB modification and that such therapy can result in a prolongation of survival.
The course of a patient with an initially widely patent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebr... more The course of a patient with an initially widely patent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and an enlarged donor vessel is presented. Over 17 months, the STA became markedly stenotic. Serial angiography is correlated with autopsy histological findings showing severe atherosclerotic changes throughout the donor vessel. The potential causative factors, both medical and surgical, are discussed and the appropriate literature is reviewed. Parallels are drawn from the cardiac bypass experience. The bypass itself may have precipitated or accelerated intimal hyperplasia, which stenosed (and may have eventually occluded) the vessel. Is this phenomenon more frequent than we realize?
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