International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 1992
... I am also grateful to Sten Henriksson for many valuable comments on the style and contents of... more ... I am also grateful to Sten Henriksson for many valuable comments on the style and contents of earlier drafts of this paper. ... Communications of the ACM, 29, 711-721. BORRAS, P., CLENT, D., DESPEYROUX, T., INCERPI, J., KAHN, G., LANG, B. & PASCUAL, V. (1988). ...
Rising concern over the use of lead in industry provides a driving force for the development of i... more Rising concern over the use of lead in industry provides a driving force for the development of improved lead-free industrial materials. Therefore, a new lead-free base solder alloy Sn-4.7Agl.7Cu (wt.%) has been developed upon which a family of lead-free solders can be based. This solder alloy exhibits a ternary eutectic reaction at 216.8 ± 1°C (L ↠ η+ ϕ + β-Sn; η = Cu6Sn5, θ = Ag3Sn). Preliminary tests of solderability demonstrate intermetallic phase formation on model solder joint interfaces and good wettability in a fluxed condition suggest technological viability and motivates much more extensive study of this solder alloy.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1987
A mechanism for forming composite explanatory hypotheses. JR Josephson, B Chandrasekaran, JW Smit... more A mechanism for forming composite explanatory hypotheses. JR Josephson, B Chandrasekaran, JW Smith Jr, MC Tanner IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 17:33, 445-454, 1987. A general problem-solving ...
We describe a software module in an expert system RED, which interprets data related to red cell ... more We describe a software module in an expert system RED, which interprets data related to red cell antibody identification. There are three portions to this module: (1) the problem-solving component, which incorporates the knowledge required for antibody identification as a hierarchy of programs. The programs in the hierarchy organize within themselves small pieces of knowledge represented in the form of production rules, which are capable of making judgments concerning a specific hypothesis; (2) an intelligent data base for storage of patient data, red cell attributes, and test results; (3) the “overview critic” portion, which combines the atomic hypotheses judged favorably by the antibody programs into a unified judgment concerning the case. Overview makes the decision to terminate processing with a conclusion about which antibodies are actually present and what specific further tests need to be performed to resolve any remaining ambiguities.
Additional measurements of 34S/32S, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in metallic sulphides, carbonates ... more Additional measurements of 34S/32S, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in metallic sulphides, carbonates and organic residues suggest a mode of genesis of the McArthur deposit generally consistent with geological and geochemical evidence. A very stable marine environment is indicated by the constant values for δ13C and δ18O observed throughout the entire deposit. However, 34S contents of pyrites varied by 25‰ in a manner consistent with the water depths and sulphate availability postulated for the McArthur environment.
A mathematical model of sedimentation and compaction of fine-grained rocks such as shale has been... more A mathematical model of sedimentation and compaction of fine-grained rocks such as shale has been constructed. Water is considered to flow upward or downward out of a compacting rock according to Darcy's law until the pore-water pressure within the rock is normal for the depth in question. The porosity decreases during compaction until a minimum porosity, determined by the difference between total vertical stress (overburden pressure) and pore-water pressure, is obtained. The model takes into account the dependence of permeability on porosity for a given rock type, and the dependence of water viscosity on salinity, temperature, and pressure. The derived equations have been computer programmed to obtain the time dependence of porosity, pressure, water velocity, permeability, and other factors within a compacting shale during (a) shale sedimentation, (b) a time lapse following shale deposition, (c) the deposition of normally pressured sediments over the shale, and (d) a second time lapse following deposition of the normally pressured unit. Solutions to these problems are given for the situation when the unit underlying the shale is normally pressured, and for the situation when the underlying unit is impermeable. The calculations show that a portion of a thick shale adjacent to a normally pressured unit may have a considerably reduced porosity and permeability, and act as a seal for the remainder of the shale. High fluid pressures may persist for many millions of years in thick shales with low permeability. The computations can be extended to cover more complicated cases of interbedded shales, sands, and other lithologies.
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1986
Statistical models for the density of strong scatterers detected in high resolution radar images ... more Statistical models for the density of strong scatterers detected in high resolution radar images of rural terrain are presented. The probability distribution of the density of these natural terrain detections was found to be a negative binomial. The variance of the negative binomial depended strongly on the window size used to measure the density. This dependence indicates that these detections,
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 2002
This paper introduces a new statistical approach, namely the probabilistic union model, for speec... more This paper introduces a new statistical approach, namely the probabilistic union model, for speech recognition involving partial, unknown frequency-band corruption. Partial frequency-band corruption accounts for the effect of a family of real-world noises. Previous methods based on the missing feature theory usually require the identity of the noisy bands. This identification can be difficult for unexpected noise with unknown, time-varying band characteristics. The new model combines the local frequency-band information based on the union of random events, to reduce the dependence of the model on information about the noise. This model partially accomplishes the target: offering robustness to partial frequency-band corruption, while requiring no information about the noise. This paper introduces the theory and implementation of the union model, and is focused on several important advances. These new developments include a new algorithm for automatic order selection, a generalization of the modeling principle to accommodate partial feature stream corruption, and a combination of the union model with conventional noise reduction techniques to deal with a mixture of stationary noise and unknown, nonstationary noise. For the evaluation, we used the TIDIGITS database for speaker-independent connected digit recognition. The utterances were corrupted by various types of additive noise, stationary or time-varying, assuming no knowledge about the noise characteristics. The results indicate that the new model offers significantly improved robustness in comparison to other models.
THE isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pristane and phyfcane, which occur together in crude oils 1–4, oil s... more THE isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pristane and phyfcane, which occur together in crude oils 1–4, oil shale 5 and ancient sediments 6, are presumed to have been formed from chlorophyll by various reaction routes. Neither pristane nor phytane is a normal constituent of land ...
The application of the Soar architecture to building stratified system-level models of knowledge ... more The application of the Soar architecture to building stratified system-level models of knowledge systems is discussed. The stratified approach describes a knowledge system using three levels of computational models: the knowledge-level computational model, the problem-space computational model, and the symbol-level computational model. At the knowledge level, a system is specified in terms of the task it is to perform, the actions it can use to perform the task, and the knowledge it uses to select actions. The knowledge-level description specifies only what the system should do. How the system accomplishes the task computationally is described at the problem-space level as a hierarchy of goals and methods. The system is implemented at the symbol level in Soar using data structures and processes to implement the problem-space design.>
A crucial issue in triphone based continuous speech recognition is the large number of models to ... more A crucial issue in triphone based continuous speech recognition is the large number of models to be estimated against the limited availability of training data. This problem can be relieved by composing a triphone model from less context-dependent models. This paper introduces a new statistical framework, derived from the Bayesian principle, to perform such a composition. The potential power of this new framework is explored, both algorithmically and experimentally, by an implementation with hidden Markov modeling techniques. This implementation is applied to the recognition of the 39-phone set on the TIMIT database. The new model achieves 74.4% and 75.6% accuracy, respectively, on the core and complete test sets
Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 1994
We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction w... more We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex [APSAC]) on arterial patency and clinical end points. The role of conjunctive intravenous heparin therapy with APSAC has not been tested despite the recommendations that intravenous heparin should be used. Four hours after APSAC administration, 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive 325 mg of either aspirin alone or aspirin and a continuous infusion of heparin (15 IU/kg body weight per h). Clinical ischemic events and bleeding complications were monitored. On hospital day 5, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed. The primary end point of the trial (the combined outcome of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery) occurred in 42% of the heparin-treated group versus 43% of the group treated without heparin (p = 0.94). A patent infarct-related artery was present in 80% of the patients treated with heparin and in 73% of those treated without heparin (p = 0.26). Left ventricular function, as measured by ejection fraction, was well preserved in both groups (52% vs. 50.5%, respectively, p = 0.29). The overall bleeding rate was higher in patients with (32%) than without (17.2%) heparin (p = 0.006). Weight-adjusted intravenous heparin therapy after APSAC in acute myocardial infarction does not reduce the combined incidence of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery. Furthermore, withholding intravenous heparin therapy is associated with a 46% reduction in bleeding complications. Our findings do not support the addition of intravenous heparin after APSAC therapy, as currently recommended, and suggest that a strategy of withholding heparin is simpler and safer and does not place the patient at increased risk for ischemic complications after myocardial infarction.
IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, 1969
Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS SCIENCEI, AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. SSC-5, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1969 d... more Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS SCIENCEI, AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. SSC-5, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1969 data exhibits consistency or repetitiousness but the volume transacted exceeds the capability of more con-ventional coding techniques. ...
International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 1992
... I am also grateful to Sten Henriksson for many valuable comments on the style and contents of... more ... I am also grateful to Sten Henriksson for many valuable comments on the style and contents of earlier drafts of this paper. ... Communications of the ACM, 29, 711-721. BORRAS, P., CLENT, D., DESPEYROUX, T., INCERPI, J., KAHN, G., LANG, B. & PASCUAL, V. (1988). ...
Rising concern over the use of lead in industry provides a driving force for the development of i... more Rising concern over the use of lead in industry provides a driving force for the development of improved lead-free industrial materials. Therefore, a new lead-free base solder alloy Sn-4.7Agl.7Cu (wt.%) has been developed upon which a family of lead-free solders can be based. This solder alloy exhibits a ternary eutectic reaction at 216.8 ± 1°C (L ↠ η+ ϕ + β-Sn; η = Cu6Sn5, θ = Ag3Sn). Preliminary tests of solderability demonstrate intermetallic phase formation on model solder joint interfaces and good wettability in a fluxed condition suggest technological viability and motivates much more extensive study of this solder alloy.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1987
A mechanism for forming composite explanatory hypotheses. JR Josephson, B Chandrasekaran, JW Smit... more A mechanism for forming composite explanatory hypotheses. JR Josephson, B Chandrasekaran, JW Smith Jr, MC Tanner IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 17:33, 445-454, 1987. A general problem-solving ...
We describe a software module in an expert system RED, which interprets data related to red cell ... more We describe a software module in an expert system RED, which interprets data related to red cell antibody identification. There are three portions to this module: (1) the problem-solving component, which incorporates the knowledge required for antibody identification as a hierarchy of programs. The programs in the hierarchy organize within themselves small pieces of knowledge represented in the form of production rules, which are capable of making judgments concerning a specific hypothesis; (2) an intelligent data base for storage of patient data, red cell attributes, and test results; (3) the “overview critic” portion, which combines the atomic hypotheses judged favorably by the antibody programs into a unified judgment concerning the case. Overview makes the decision to terminate processing with a conclusion about which antibodies are actually present and what specific further tests need to be performed to resolve any remaining ambiguities.
Additional measurements of 34S/32S, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in metallic sulphides, carbonates ... more Additional measurements of 34S/32S, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in metallic sulphides, carbonates and organic residues suggest a mode of genesis of the McArthur deposit generally consistent with geological and geochemical evidence. A very stable marine environment is indicated by the constant values for δ13C and δ18O observed throughout the entire deposit. However, 34S contents of pyrites varied by 25‰ in a manner consistent with the water depths and sulphate availability postulated for the McArthur environment.
A mathematical model of sedimentation and compaction of fine-grained rocks such as shale has been... more A mathematical model of sedimentation and compaction of fine-grained rocks such as shale has been constructed. Water is considered to flow upward or downward out of a compacting rock according to Darcy's law until the pore-water pressure within the rock is normal for the depth in question. The porosity decreases during compaction until a minimum porosity, determined by the difference between total vertical stress (overburden pressure) and pore-water pressure, is obtained. The model takes into account the dependence of permeability on porosity for a given rock type, and the dependence of water viscosity on salinity, temperature, and pressure. The derived equations have been computer programmed to obtain the time dependence of porosity, pressure, water velocity, permeability, and other factors within a compacting shale during (a) shale sedimentation, (b) a time lapse following shale deposition, (c) the deposition of normally pressured sediments over the shale, and (d) a second time lapse following deposition of the normally pressured unit. Solutions to these problems are given for the situation when the unit underlying the shale is normally pressured, and for the situation when the underlying unit is impermeable. The calculations show that a portion of a thick shale adjacent to a normally pressured unit may have a considerably reduced porosity and permeability, and act as a seal for the remainder of the shale. High fluid pressures may persist for many millions of years in thick shales with low permeability. The computations can be extended to cover more complicated cases of interbedded shales, sands, and other lithologies.
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1986
Statistical models for the density of strong scatterers detected in high resolution radar images ... more Statistical models for the density of strong scatterers detected in high resolution radar images of rural terrain are presented. The probability distribution of the density of these natural terrain detections was found to be a negative binomial. The variance of the negative binomial depended strongly on the window size used to measure the density. This dependence indicates that these detections,
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 2002
This paper introduces a new statistical approach, namely the probabilistic union model, for speec... more This paper introduces a new statistical approach, namely the probabilistic union model, for speech recognition involving partial, unknown frequency-band corruption. Partial frequency-band corruption accounts for the effect of a family of real-world noises. Previous methods based on the missing feature theory usually require the identity of the noisy bands. This identification can be difficult for unexpected noise with unknown, time-varying band characteristics. The new model combines the local frequency-band information based on the union of random events, to reduce the dependence of the model on information about the noise. This model partially accomplishes the target: offering robustness to partial frequency-band corruption, while requiring no information about the noise. This paper introduces the theory and implementation of the union model, and is focused on several important advances. These new developments include a new algorithm for automatic order selection, a generalization of the modeling principle to accommodate partial feature stream corruption, and a combination of the union model with conventional noise reduction techniques to deal with a mixture of stationary noise and unknown, nonstationary noise. For the evaluation, we used the TIDIGITS database for speaker-independent connected digit recognition. The utterances were corrupted by various types of additive noise, stationary or time-varying, assuming no knowledge about the noise characteristics. The results indicate that the new model offers significantly improved robustness in comparison to other models.
THE isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pristane and phyfcane, which occur together in crude oils 1–4, oil s... more THE isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pristane and phyfcane, which occur together in crude oils 1–4, oil shale 5 and ancient sediments 6, are presumed to have been formed from chlorophyll by various reaction routes. Neither pristane nor phytane is a normal constituent of land ...
The application of the Soar architecture to building stratified system-level models of knowledge ... more The application of the Soar architecture to building stratified system-level models of knowledge systems is discussed. The stratified approach describes a knowledge system using three levels of computational models: the knowledge-level computational model, the problem-space computational model, and the symbol-level computational model. At the knowledge level, a system is specified in terms of the task it is to perform, the actions it can use to perform the task, and the knowledge it uses to select actions. The knowledge-level description specifies only what the system should do. How the system accomplishes the task computationally is described at the problem-space level as a hierarchy of goals and methods. The system is implemented at the symbol level in Soar using data structures and processes to implement the problem-space design.>
A crucial issue in triphone based continuous speech recognition is the large number of models to ... more A crucial issue in triphone based continuous speech recognition is the large number of models to be estimated against the limited availability of training data. This problem can be relieved by composing a triphone model from less context-dependent models. This paper introduces a new statistical framework, derived from the Bayesian principle, to perform such a composition. The potential power of this new framework is explored, both algorithmically and experimentally, by an implementation with hidden Markov modeling techniques. This implementation is applied to the recognition of the 39-phone set on the TIMIT database. The new model achieves 74.4% and 75.6% accuracy, respectively, on the core and complete test sets
Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 1994
We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction w... more We designed a randomized trial to evaluate the effects of heparin administration in conjunction with anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex [APSAC]) on arterial patency and clinical end points. The role of conjunctive intravenous heparin therapy with APSAC has not been tested despite the recommendations that intravenous heparin should be used. Four hours after APSAC administration, 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive 325 mg of either aspirin alone or aspirin and a continuous infusion of heparin (15 IU/kg body weight per h). Clinical ischemic events and bleeding complications were monitored. On hospital day 5, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed. The primary end point of the trial (the combined outcome of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery) occurred in 42% of the heparin-treated group versus 43% of the group treated without heparin (p = 0.94). A patent infarct-related artery was present in 80% of the patients treated with heparin and in 73% of those treated without heparin (p = 0.26). Left ventricular function, as measured by ejection fraction, was well preserved in both groups (52% vs. 50.5%, respectively, p = 0.29). The overall bleeding rate was higher in patients with (32%) than without (17.2%) heparin (p = 0.006). Weight-adjusted intravenous heparin therapy after APSAC in acute myocardial infarction does not reduce the combined incidence of death, reinfarction, recurrent ischemia and occlusion of the infarct-related artery. Furthermore, withholding intravenous heparin therapy is associated with a 46% reduction in bleeding complications. Our findings do not support the addition of intravenous heparin after APSAC therapy, as currently recommended, and suggest that a strategy of withholding heparin is simpler and safer and does not place the patient at increased risk for ischemic complications after myocardial infarction.
IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, 1969
Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS SCIENCEI, AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. SSC-5, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1969 d... more Page 1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS SCIENCEI, AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. SSC-5, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1969 data exhibits consistency or repetitiousness but the volume transacted exceeds the capability of more con-ventional coding techniques. ...
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