Lower- and low- to middle-income countries are predicted to experience the fastest growth in numb... more Lower- and low- to middle-income countries are predicted to experience the fastest growth in numbers of people living with dementia by 2050, although they have the least developed infrastructure for diagnosis and support. As there are currently no disease-modifying therapies for dementia and only modest symptomatic relief, all that is available for people who receive a diagnosis is care and support to live as well as possible. The potential of digital technologies, including robots, smart environments, and mobile devices, to address the rising challenges posed by dementia is increasingly being explored. This chapter summarizes the major developments in technology for supporting people to live with dementia and examines their relevance and potential for addressing the challenges faced by some of the world’s poorest countries. All technologies are hampered by a lack of research investment, but even so, mobile platforms offer the most potential for deployment at scale.
Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer’s Disease, 2004
Page 1. DYNAMIC MAPPING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 1 Paul M. Thompson, 1 Kiralee... more Page 1. DYNAMIC MAPPING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 1 Paul M. Thompson, 1 Kiralee M. Hayashi, 2 Greig de Zubicaray, 2 Andrew L. Janke, 1 Elizabeth R. Sowell, 2 Stephen E. Rose, 3 James Semple, 1 David Herman, 1 Michael S. Hong, ...
Part I. Neuropsychology, Multi-Faceted Problem of Dementia. Part II. Neuropathology of Dementia. ... more Part I. Neuropsychology, Multi-Faceted Problem of Dementia. Part II. Neuropathology of Dementia. Neurochemistry of Dementia. Pharmacological Investigations. Part III. Clinical Features of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia-Producing Conditions. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis. Part IV. Memory. Language and Communication. Attention. Sensation and Perception. Movement and Praxis. Part V. Rehabilitation and Management: Present and Future.
To investigate whether bolus delay-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI ... more To investigate whether bolus delay-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI measures allowed a more accurate estimation of eventual infarct volume in 14 acute stroke patients using a predictive tissue classifier algorithm. Tissue classification was performed using a expectation maximization and k-means clustering algorithm utilizing diffusion and T2 measures (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and T2) combined with uncorrected perfusion measures cerebral blood flow ((CBF) and mean transit time [MTT]), bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures (cCBF and cMTT), and bolus delay-corrected perfusion indices (cCBF and cMTT with bolus delay). The mean similarity index (SI), a kappa-based correlation statistic reflecting the pixel-by-pixel classification agreement between predicted and 30-day T2 lesion volumes, were 0.55 +/- 0.19, 0.61 +/- 0.15 (P < 0.02) and 0.60 +/- 0.17 (P <0.03), respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients, comparing predicted and final lesion volumes were 0.56 (P < 0.05), 0.70 (P < 0.01), and 0.84 (P < 0.001), respectively. We found a more significant correlation between predicted infarct volumes derived from bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures than from conventional perfusion measures when combined with diffusion measures and compared with final lesion volumes measured on 30-day T2 MRI scans. Bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures enable an improved prediction of infarct evolution and evaluation of the hemodynamic status of neuronal tissue in acute stroke.
This study examined the ability of two computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to... more This study examined the ability of two computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to sample and paired associate learning, to detect early dementia. Three groups of subjects classified by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and standard neuropsychological tests were studied: normal controls, patients believed to be in early stages of dementia of the Alzheimer type, and a group of questionable dementia subjects who reported memory loss but performed normally on standard measures of cognition. All subjects completed the two computerized tests. The early dementia group performed at a significantly lower level than the other two groups on all standard and computerized measures. A linear discriminant function analysis of the computerized tests classified 100% of the normal controls and 87.5% of the dementia patients into the same groups as standard testing. The majority of questionable dementia subjects were classified as nondemented. The concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the computerised tests were also investigated. It is suggested that computerized tests are useful when screening for early dementia, and that longitudinal studies are required to evaluate the comparative reliability of the tests.
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), Jan 25, 2016
Coplanar radio frequency Schottky diodes based on solution-processed C60 and ZnO semiconductors a... more Coplanar radio frequency Schottky diodes based on solution-processed C60 and ZnO semiconductors are fabricated via adhesion-lithography. The development of a unique asymmetric nanogap electrode architecture results in devices with a high current rectification ratio (10(3) -10(6) ), low operating voltage (<3 V), and cut-off frequencies of >400 MHz. Device fabrication is scalable and can be performed at low temperatures even on plastic substrates with very high yield.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Jins, Mar 1, 1997
This longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of 2 computerized neuropsychological tests, dela... more This longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of 2 computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to sample and paired associate learning, to early dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Normal controls, patients in the early stages of DAT, and individuals with questionable dementia (QD) were studied. At 6 and 12 months after initial presentation, almost half of the QD group exhibited lower scores on the computerized subtests, maintaining their scores on standard testing. Over the same period NC subjects maintained their performance levels, while DAT patients continued to deteriorate. Linear discriminant function analyses of the computerized subtests at 6 and 12 months correctly classified 100% of the early DAT patients. Eighty-four and 79 percent of normal controls were correctly classified at 6 and 12 months respectively. Further development of these subtests for the detection of early dementia and the documentation of ongoing change in DAT is warranted. The findings are discussed in terms of the special sensitivity of these tests to the neuropathology of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease.
ABSTRACT A fully automated 3D version of the so-called white matter method for correcting intensi... more ABSTRACT A fully automated 3D version of the so-called white matter method for correcting intensity non-uniformity in MR T1- weighted neuro images is presented. The algorithm is an extension of the original work published previously. The major part of the extension was the development of a fully automated method for the generation of the reference points. In the design of this method, a number of measures were introduced to minimize the effects of possible inclusion of non-white matter voxels in the selection process. The correction process has been made iterative. A drawback of this approach is an increased cost in computational time. The algorithm has been tested on T1-weighted MR images acquired from a longitudinal study involving elderly subjects and people with probable Alzheimer&#39;s disease. More quantitative measures were used for the evaluation of the algorithm&#39;s performance. Highly satisfactory correction results have been obtained for images with extensive intensity non-uniformity either present in raw data or added artificially. With intensity correction, improved accuracy in the measurement of the rate of brain atrophy in Alzheimer&#39;s patients as well as in elderly people due to normal aging has been achieved.
Lower- and low- to middle-income countries are predicted to experience the fastest growth in numb... more Lower- and low- to middle-income countries are predicted to experience the fastest growth in numbers of people living with dementia by 2050, although they have the least developed infrastructure for diagnosis and support. As there are currently no disease-modifying therapies for dementia and only modest symptomatic relief, all that is available for people who receive a diagnosis is care and support to live as well as possible. The potential of digital technologies, including robots, smart environments, and mobile devices, to address the rising challenges posed by dementia is increasingly being explored. This chapter summarizes the major developments in technology for supporting people to live with dementia and examines their relevance and potential for addressing the challenges faced by some of the world’s poorest countries. All technologies are hampered by a lack of research investment, but even so, mobile platforms offer the most potential for deployment at scale.
Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer’s Disease, 2004
Page 1. DYNAMIC MAPPING OF ALZHEIMER&amp;amp;amp;#x27;S DISEASE 1 Paul M. Thompson, 1 Kiralee... more Page 1. DYNAMIC MAPPING OF ALZHEIMER&amp;amp;amp;#x27;S DISEASE 1 Paul M. Thompson, 1 Kiralee M. Hayashi, 2 Greig de Zubicaray, 2 Andrew L. Janke, 1 Elizabeth R. Sowell, 2 Stephen E. Rose, 3 James Semple, 1 David Herman, 1 Michael S. Hong, ...
Part I. Neuropsychology, Multi-Faceted Problem of Dementia. Part II. Neuropathology of Dementia. ... more Part I. Neuropsychology, Multi-Faceted Problem of Dementia. Part II. Neuropathology of Dementia. Neurochemistry of Dementia. Pharmacological Investigations. Part III. Clinical Features of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia-Producing Conditions. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis. Part IV. Memory. Language and Communication. Attention. Sensation and Perception. Movement and Praxis. Part V. Rehabilitation and Management: Present and Future.
To investigate whether bolus delay-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI ... more To investigate whether bolus delay-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI measures allowed a more accurate estimation of eventual infarct volume in 14 acute stroke patients using a predictive tissue classifier algorithm. Tissue classification was performed using a expectation maximization and k-means clustering algorithm utilizing diffusion and T2 measures (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and T2) combined with uncorrected perfusion measures cerebral blood flow ((CBF) and mean transit time [MTT]), bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures (cCBF and cMTT), and bolus delay-corrected perfusion indices (cCBF and cMTT with bolus delay). The mean similarity index (SI), a kappa-based correlation statistic reflecting the pixel-by-pixel classification agreement between predicted and 30-day T2 lesion volumes, were 0.55 +/- 0.19, 0.61 +/- 0.15 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.02) and 0.60 +/- 0.17 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.03), respectively. Spearman&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s correlation coefficients, comparing predicted and final lesion volumes were 0.56 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), 0.70 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), and 0.84 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. We found a more significant correlation between predicted infarct volumes derived from bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures than from conventional perfusion measures when combined with diffusion measures and compared with final lesion volumes measured on 30-day T2 MRI scans. Bolus delay-corrected perfusion measures enable an improved prediction of infarct evolution and evaluation of the hemodynamic status of neuronal tissue in acute stroke.
This study examined the ability of two computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to... more This study examined the ability of two computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to sample and paired associate learning, to detect early dementia. Three groups of subjects classified by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and standard neuropsychological tests were studied: normal controls, patients believed to be in early stages of dementia of the Alzheimer type, and a group of questionable dementia subjects who reported memory loss but performed normally on standard measures of cognition. All subjects completed the two computerized tests. The early dementia group performed at a significantly lower level than the other two groups on all standard and computerized measures. A linear discriminant function analysis of the computerized tests classified 100% of the normal controls and 87.5% of the dementia patients into the same groups as standard testing. The majority of questionable dementia subjects were classified as nondemented. The concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the computerised tests were also investigated. It is suggested that computerized tests are useful when screening for early dementia, and that longitudinal studies are required to evaluate the comparative reliability of the tests.
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), Jan 25, 2016
Coplanar radio frequency Schottky diodes based on solution-processed C60 and ZnO semiconductors a... more Coplanar radio frequency Schottky diodes based on solution-processed C60 and ZnO semiconductors are fabricated via adhesion-lithography. The development of a unique asymmetric nanogap electrode architecture results in devices with a high current rectification ratio (10(3) -10(6) ), low operating voltage (<3 V), and cut-off frequencies of >400 MHz. Device fabrication is scalable and can be performed at low temperatures even on plastic substrates with very high yield.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Jins, Mar 1, 1997
This longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of 2 computerized neuropsychological tests, dela... more This longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of 2 computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to sample and paired associate learning, to early dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Normal controls, patients in the early stages of DAT, and individuals with questionable dementia (QD) were studied. At 6 and 12 months after initial presentation, almost half of the QD group exhibited lower scores on the computerized subtests, maintaining their scores on standard testing. Over the same period NC subjects maintained their performance levels, while DAT patients continued to deteriorate. Linear discriminant function analyses of the computerized subtests at 6 and 12 months correctly classified 100% of the early DAT patients. Eighty-four and 79 percent of normal controls were correctly classified at 6 and 12 months respectively. Further development of these subtests for the detection of early dementia and the documentation of ongoing change in DAT is warranted. The findings are discussed in terms of the special sensitivity of these tests to the neuropathology of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease.
ABSTRACT A fully automated 3D version of the so-called white matter method for correcting intensi... more ABSTRACT A fully automated 3D version of the so-called white matter method for correcting intensity non-uniformity in MR T1- weighted neuro images is presented. The algorithm is an extension of the original work published previously. The major part of the extension was the development of a fully automated method for the generation of the reference points. In the design of this method, a number of measures were introduced to minimize the effects of possible inclusion of non-white matter voxels in the selection process. The correction process has been made iterative. A drawback of this approach is an increased cost in computational time. The algorithm has been tested on T1-weighted MR images acquired from a longitudinal study involving elderly subjects and people with probable Alzheimer&#39;s disease. More quantitative measures were used for the evaluation of the algorithm&#39;s performance. Highly satisfactory correction results have been obtained for images with extensive intensity non-uniformity either present in raw data or added artificially. With intensity correction, improved accuracy in the measurement of the rate of brain atrophy in Alzheimer&#39;s patients as well as in elderly people due to normal aging has been achieved.
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