Background: Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to... more Background: Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human exposure from natural sources. In Poland, the total annual effective dose from indoor radon is 1.36 mSv. Material and methods: Over the past twenty years, the measurements of radon concentration in the building indoor air were performed three times by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, with the use of track detector CR-39 enclosed in NRPB cassette. Those measurements were taken in the ground floor of each building. Results: The average annual radon concentration was 89 Bq/m3 in 1998/1999; 75 Bq/m3 in 2008/2009; and 52 Bq/m3 in 2005. Conclusions: Assuming that a human spends at home about 5000 hours per annum and using suitable conversion factors, the dose from radon the inhabitants under study are exposed to varies from 0.9 to 1.1 mSv and it is lower than average dose for the Polish population.
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. At the end of the 1990s reports on the possibility of defining past exposure to radon on the basis of measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in surface layer of glass were published. The registration of alpha particles emitted with glass was made using the spectrometric system. Use of the system for alpha spectroscopy leads finally to a significant lowering of the bottom threshold of detection and limits the influence of the negative background on the examined glass.
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. The method presented below allows for the estimation of average radon concentration in the past. This is possible due to indirect measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in glass structure. The half-life of 210Pb is about 22 years. A number of exposures of window glass to radon have been carried out in laboratory conditions (radon chamber) and the obtained results were used to calculate the coefficient that renders it possible to define global indoor exposure to radon. The registration was made using a track detector CR-39, which records alpha particles resulting from the disintegration of 210Po, one of 222Rn decay products.
SummaryBackgroundLaxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the face and chest. Non... more SummaryBackgroundLaxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the face and chest. Nonablative radiofrequency (RF) is one of the most common procedures used for skin rejuvenation.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the elasticity of face and chest skin after multipolar radiofrequency.Patients/MethodsThirty women, aged 43‐68, were included in the study. Twenty women were postmenopausal and 10 were premenopausal. They received 4 treatment sessions with an application of nonablative radiofrequency in 2‐week intervals. Biomechanical properties of the skin were measured with the use of a Cutometer.ResultsThe objective evaluation in a cutometric analysis showed a statistically significant improvement between measurements taken in the pretreatment period and 3 months after the treatment.ConclusionsThe study is an objective confirmation that RF treatment improves skin elasticity. The method may appear to be beneficial for women of any age and skin types. It is a noninvasive treatment with a low risk of complications.
An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of io... more An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of ionizing radiation occurring in the nature accounts for 2.6 mSv annually. Nearly 50 of this dose comes from radon and products of its decomposition which accumulate in our dwellings. Bearing in mind changes in radon concentrations over the time it would be advisable to develop a method for the evaluation of mean long-term concentrations of radon. Such an evaluation can be carried out by measuring the amount of 210Pb implanted in glass. These measurements are most frequently performed by means of ionization chambers or trace detectors which record the number of alpha particles produced by 210Pb decomposition.
Concrete has been used as a shield against high-energy photons (gamma) and neutrons since the beg... more Concrete has been used as a shield against high-energy photons (gamma) and neutrons since the beginning of use of nuclear reaction in energy, medicine and research. State of knowledge in shielding concrete technology is that while in case of protection against gamma radiation an increase in density caused by change of aggregate type for heavy-weight one is usually an efficient solution, the protection against neutrons is more complex. It is due to the differences in interactions of neutrons with the matter, depending on their kinetic energy and cross-sections for different reactions of the component atoms of the cement paste and the aggregate. The paper presents the results of the project NGS-Concrete - New-Generation Shielding Concrete. The aim is to design the composition of concrete against ionizing radiation, achieved by the use of experiment based on multi-criteria optimization of materials supported by the Monte Carlo simulations. Better concrete is the one that absorbs more t...
Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human expos... more Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human exposure from natural sources. In Poland, the total annual effective dose from indoor radon is 1.36 mSv. Over the past twenty years, the measurements of radon concentration in the building indoor air were performed three times by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, with the use of track detector CR-39 enclosed in NRPB cassette. Those measurements were taken in the ground floor of each building. The average annual radon concentration was 89 Bq/m3 in 1998/1999; 75 Bq/m3 in 2008/2009; and 52 Bq/m3 in 2005. Assuming that a human spends at home about 5000 hours per annum and using suitable conversion factors, the dose from radon the inhabitants under study are exposed to varies from 0.9 to 1.1 mSv and it is lower than average dose for the Polish population.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 2000
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. At the end of the 1990s reports on the possibility of defining past exposure to radon on the basis of measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in surface layer of glass were published. The registration of alpha particles emitted with glass was made using the spectrometric system. Use of the system for alpha spectroscopy leads finally to a significant lowering of the bottom threshold of detection and limits the influence of the negative background on the examined glass.
An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of io... more An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of ionizing radiation occurring in the nature accounts for 2.6 mSv annually. Nearly 50 of this dose comes from radon and products of its decomposition which accumulate in our dwellings. Bearing in mind changes in radon concentrations over the time it would be advisable to develop a method for the evaluation of mean long-term concentrations of radon. Such an evaluation can be carried out by measuring the amount of 210Pb implanted in glass. These measurements are most frequently performed by means of ionization chambers or trace detectors which record the number of alpha particles produced by 210Pb decomposition.
Concrete is one of the main materials used for gamma and neutron shielding. While in case of gamm... more Concrete is one of the main materials used for gamma and neutron shielding. While in case of gamma rays an increase in density is usually efficient enough, protection against neutrons is more complex. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using the Monte Carlo codes for evaluation and optimization of concrete mix to reach better neutron shielding. Two codes (MCNPX and SPOT — written by authors) were used to simulate neutron transport through a wall made of different concretes. It is showed that concrete of higher compressive strength attenuates neutrons more effectively. The advantage of heavyweight concrete (with barite aggregate), usually used for gamma shielding, over the ordinary concrete was not so clear. Neutron shielding depends on many factors e.g. neutron energy, barrier thickness and atomic composition. All this makes a proper design of concrete as a very important issue for nuclear power plant safety assurance.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, 2013
The process of design of building composites, like concrete is a complex one and involves many as... more The process of design of building composites, like concrete is a complex one and involves many aspects like physical and mechanical properties, durability, shielding efficiency, costs of production and dismantlement etc. There are plenty of parameters to optimize and computer tools can help to choose the best solution. A computer aided design plays an important role nowadays. It becomes more accurate, faster and cheaper, so laboratories often apply computer simulation methods prior to field testing. In case of nuclear engineering, the radiation shielding problems are of much importance, because safety of such facilities is a key point. In this article the most effective methods for neutron shielding studies based on Monte-Carlo simulations of neutron transport and nuclide activation studies in concrete are presented. Two codes: MCNPX and CINDER’90 are extensively used to compare the shielding efficiency of commonly used concretes and to study the influence of concentration of B, Ba ...
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 1999
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. The method presented below allows for the estimation of average radon concentration in the past. This is possible due to indirect measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in glass structure. The half-life of 210Pb is about 22 years. A number of exposures of window glass to radon have been carried out in laboratory conditions (radon chamber) and the obtained results were used to calculate the coefficient that renders it possible to define global indoor exposure to radon. The registration was made using a track detector CR-39, which records alpha particles resulting from the disintegration of 210Po, one of 222Rn decay products.
Background: Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to... more Background: Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human exposure from natural sources. In Poland, the total annual effective dose from indoor radon is 1.36 mSv. Material and methods: Over the past twenty years, the measurements of radon concentration in the building indoor air were performed three times by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, with the use of track detector CR-39 enclosed in NRPB cassette. Those measurements were taken in the ground floor of each building. Results: The average annual radon concentration was 89 Bq/m3 in 1998/1999; 75 Bq/m3 in 2008/2009; and 52 Bq/m3 in 2005. Conclusions: Assuming that a human spends at home about 5000 hours per annum and using suitable conversion factors, the dose from radon the inhabitants under study are exposed to varies from 0.9 to 1.1 mSv and it is lower than average dose for the Polish population.
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. At the end of the 1990s reports on the possibility of defining past exposure to radon on the basis of measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in surface layer of glass were published. The registration of alpha particles emitted with glass was made using the spectrometric system. Use of the system for alpha spectroscopy leads finally to a significant lowering of the bottom threshold of detection and limits the influence of the negative background on the examined glass.
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. The method presented below allows for the estimation of average radon concentration in the past. This is possible due to indirect measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in glass structure. The half-life of 210Pb is about 22 years. A number of exposures of window glass to radon have been carried out in laboratory conditions (radon chamber) and the obtained results were used to calculate the coefficient that renders it possible to define global indoor exposure to radon. The registration was made using a track detector CR-39, which records alpha particles resulting from the disintegration of 210Po, one of 222Rn decay products.
SummaryBackgroundLaxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the face and chest. Non... more SummaryBackgroundLaxity and rhytides are manifestations of photodamage on the face and chest. Nonablative radiofrequency (RF) is one of the most common procedures used for skin rejuvenation.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the elasticity of face and chest skin after multipolar radiofrequency.Patients/MethodsThirty women, aged 43‐68, were included in the study. Twenty women were postmenopausal and 10 were premenopausal. They received 4 treatment sessions with an application of nonablative radiofrequency in 2‐week intervals. Biomechanical properties of the skin were measured with the use of a Cutometer.ResultsThe objective evaluation in a cutometric analysis showed a statistically significant improvement between measurements taken in the pretreatment period and 3 months after the treatment.ConclusionsThe study is an objective confirmation that RF treatment improves skin elasticity. The method may appear to be beneficial for women of any age and skin types. It is a noninvasive treatment with a low risk of complications.
An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of io... more An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of ionizing radiation occurring in the nature accounts for 2.6 mSv annually. Nearly 50 of this dose comes from radon and products of its decomposition which accumulate in our dwellings. Bearing in mind changes in radon concentrations over the time it would be advisable to develop a method for the evaluation of mean long-term concentrations of radon. Such an evaluation can be carried out by measuring the amount of 210Pb implanted in glass. These measurements are most frequently performed by means of ionization chambers or trace detectors which record the number of alpha particles produced by 210Pb decomposition.
Concrete has been used as a shield against high-energy photons (gamma) and neutrons since the beg... more Concrete has been used as a shield against high-energy photons (gamma) and neutrons since the beginning of use of nuclear reaction in energy, medicine and research. State of knowledge in shielding concrete technology is that while in case of protection against gamma radiation an increase in density caused by change of aggregate type for heavy-weight one is usually an efficient solution, the protection against neutrons is more complex. It is due to the differences in interactions of neutrons with the matter, depending on their kinetic energy and cross-sections for different reactions of the component atoms of the cement paste and the aggregate. The paper presents the results of the project NGS-Concrete - New-Generation Shielding Concrete. The aim is to design the composition of concrete against ionizing radiation, achieved by the use of experiment based on multi-criteria optimization of materials supported by the Monte Carlo simulations. Better concrete is the one that absorbs more t...
Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human expos... more Radon and its decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human exposure from natural sources. In Poland, the total annual effective dose from indoor radon is 1.36 mSv. Over the past twenty years, the measurements of radon concentration in the building indoor air were performed three times by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, with the use of track detector CR-39 enclosed in NRPB cassette. Those measurements were taken in the ground floor of each building. The average annual radon concentration was 89 Bq/m3 in 1998/1999; 75 Bq/m3 in 2008/2009; and 52 Bq/m3 in 2005. Assuming that a human spends at home about 5000 hours per annum and using suitable conversion factors, the dose from radon the inhabitants under study are exposed to varies from 0.9 to 1.1 mSv and it is lower than average dose for the Polish population.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 2000
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. At the end of the 1990s reports on the possibility of defining past exposure to radon on the basis of measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in surface layer of glass were published. The registration of alpha particles emitted with glass was made using the spectrometric system. Use of the system for alpha spectroscopy leads finally to a significant lowering of the bottom threshold of detection and limits the influence of the negative background on the examined glass.
An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of io... more An average dose received by an inhabitant of the terrestrial globe from all natural sources of ionizing radiation occurring in the nature accounts for 2.6 mSv annually. Nearly 50 of this dose comes from radon and products of its decomposition which accumulate in our dwellings. Bearing in mind changes in radon concentrations over the time it would be advisable to develop a method for the evaluation of mean long-term concentrations of radon. Such an evaluation can be carried out by measuring the amount of 210Pb implanted in glass. These measurements are most frequently performed by means of ionization chambers or trace detectors which record the number of alpha particles produced by 210Pb decomposition.
Concrete is one of the main materials used for gamma and neutron shielding. While in case of gamm... more Concrete is one of the main materials used for gamma and neutron shielding. While in case of gamma rays an increase in density is usually efficient enough, protection against neutrons is more complex. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using the Monte Carlo codes for evaluation and optimization of concrete mix to reach better neutron shielding. Two codes (MCNPX and SPOT — written by authors) were used to simulate neutron transport through a wall made of different concretes. It is showed that concrete of higher compressive strength attenuates neutrons more effectively. The advantage of heavyweight concrete (with barite aggregate), usually used for gamma shielding, over the ordinary concrete was not so clear. Neutron shielding depends on many factors e.g. neutron energy, barrier thickness and atomic composition. All this makes a proper design of concrete as a very important issue for nuclear power plant safety assurance.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, 2013
The process of design of building composites, like concrete is a complex one and involves many as... more The process of design of building composites, like concrete is a complex one and involves many aspects like physical and mechanical properties, durability, shielding efficiency, costs of production and dismantlement etc. There are plenty of parameters to optimize and computer tools can help to choose the best solution. A computer aided design plays an important role nowadays. It becomes more accurate, faster and cheaper, so laboratories often apply computer simulation methods prior to field testing. In case of nuclear engineering, the radiation shielding problems are of much importance, because safety of such facilities is a key point. In this article the most effective methods for neutron shielding studies based on Monte-Carlo simulations of neutron transport and nuclide activation studies in concrete are presented. Two codes: MCNPX and CINDER’90 are extensively used to compare the shielding efficiency of commonly used concretes and to study the influence of concentration of B, Ba ...
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 1999
Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register ei... more Measurements of exposure to radon are performed using numerous research methods which register either temporary or periodic radon concentrations. The method presented below allows for the estimation of average radon concentration in the past. This is possible due to indirect measurement of the contents of 210Pb embedded in glass structure. The half-life of 210Pb is about 22 years. A number of exposures of window glass to radon have been carried out in laboratory conditions (radon chamber) and the obtained results were used to calculate the coefficient that renders it possible to define global indoor exposure to radon. The registration was made using a track detector CR-39, which records alpha particles resulting from the disintegration of 210Po, one of 222Rn decay products.
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