The aim of the research work was to isolate and identify bacterial strains from sewage soil sampl... more The aim of the research work was to isolate and identify bacterial strains from sewage soil sample. The bacteria were then checked for antibiotic resistance by performing antibiotic sensitivity assay against commonly used antibiotics. Isolation of the bacterial strains was done on nutrient agar plates. Biochemical tests were carried out for identification of the isolated bacteria. The biochemical tests performed included IMViC test, triple sugar iron, urease, catalase, oxidase, nitrate reductase and carbohydrate fermentation test. The results were noted and compared with standard biochemical chart for preliminary identification. Further identification of the strains were done by inoculating the bacteria on selective media, such as, eosin methylene blue agar, Mac Conkey agar, blood agar and Salmonella Shigella agar. The bacteria were checked for antibiotic sensitivity assay against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, penicillin, streptomycin, ampillicin and ceftazidime. All the three isolates showed resistance towards penicillin, ampicillin and ceftazidime.
Chemical pesticides are largely used in different types of crops all over the world. This particu... more Chemical pesticides are largely used in different types of crops all over the world. This particular study deals with the mycoremediation of the pesticide Monocrotophos (MCP) which is largely used for the protection of cash crops. Fungal isolates which had the potential to degrade MCP was isolated by means of enrichment technique from sugarcane fields which were sprayed with the pesticide prior to sample collection. The isolated strain was identified as Aspergillus sojae strain JPDA1 through molecular characterisation of 18s rRNA gene sequence. The strain was able to degrade 500 mg/l monocrotophos in 72h in mineral medium. Two type of trails were maintained, in the first trial, the soil was spiked with 500 mg/l of monocrotophos and amended with nutrients followed by inoculation of strain JPDA1 and in the second trial, the soil was spiked with 500 mg/l of monocrotophos devoid of nutrients with JPDA1 was inoculated. In the former trial the strain was able to degrade monocrotophos 144 h of incubation and in the latter the time taken was 168 h for degradation of pesticide. The course of the degradation process was studied using high performance liquid chromatography and fourier transform infrared analyses. These results showed that the particular fungus had a potential to degrade monocrotophos contaminated environments.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste disposal remains one of the major environmental concerns fa... more Low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste disposal remains one of the major environmental concerns faced by the world today. In past decades, major focus has been given to enhance the biodegradation of LDPE by microbial species. In this present study, Aspergillus versicolor with the ability to degrade LDPE was isolated from municipal landfill area using enrichment technique. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed its identity as Aspergillus versicolor. The biodegradation study was carried out for 90 d in M1 medium. The degradation behavior of LDPE films by Aspergillus versicolor strain JASS1 were confirmed by weight loss, CO2 evolution, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated strain JASS1 had the potential to degrade LDPE films and it can be useful in solving the problem caused by polyethylene in the environment.
Proteases are well known enzymes for their wide range application in food industry, detergent ind... more Proteases are well known enzymes for their wide range application in food industry, detergent industry and pharmaceuticals industry for the preparation of ointments and medicine. They are also widely used in leather industry for dehairing and bating of hides as an alternative for toxic chemicals which in turn hamper the environment. As enzymes have proved to solve unresolved technical issues relating to pollution control the present study was undertaken to screen for organisms which could produce extracellular proteases. Organisms were isolated from tannery effluent, in which 13 isolates were obtained and among which 5 isolates were found to produce extracellular proteases. Biochemical test revealed the organisms to be Aeronomas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The stability of the protease was also studied under temperature and pH. The organism was found to grow over a wide range of pH and temperatures. Among the 5 isolates Aeronomas sp., B...
The cocoa leaf (CL), seeds (CS) and pod (CP) were studied for the estimation of medicinal propert... more The cocoa leaf (CL), seeds (CS) and pod (CP) were studied for the estimation of medicinal properties that they contain and the focus was screening for anticancer ability. Extraction of the samples in Soxhlet apparatus was done with methanol as the solvent followed by phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay and anticancer activity. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the number of compounds in hexane:ethyl acetate: methanol solvent system for cocoa pod and chloroform:methanol solvent for cocoa leaf under UV illuminator. The antimicrobial assay by agar well diffusion method of cocoa seeds showed zone of inhibition against pathogens Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and Shigella dysenteriae. Further, antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The sample was then tested for cytotoxicity assay against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines and active compounds were identified by doing Gas chromatography and Mass spectr...
Alpha amylase (α-amylase) enzyme is used as a thinning agent in the starch hydrolysis and it is w... more Alpha amylase (α-amylase) enzyme is used as a thinning agent in the starch hydrolysis and it is widely used in the food processing, paper and textile industries. The intention of the present study was to analyse the α-amylase activity in solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation using immobilized cells of Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), respectively. The enzyme activity was measured at different time intervals. Substrates used in fermentation were rice bran, paddy husk, raw rice and brown rice. Rice bran was noted to be the best substrate marking an average of 49.4 ppm/g for 120 h in solid state fermentation by A. oryzae followed by raw rice showing 43.5, brown rice 40.2 ppm/g and paddy husk 7.1 ppm/g correspondingly. Similarly, rice bran was found to be a superior substrate giving an average amylase activity of 132.6 ppm/g followed by brown rice with 105.9 ppm/g, raw rice with 98.0 ppm/g and paddy husk with 15.0 ppm/g among all substrates a...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Mutinus elegans is a species of fungi that is commonly called as Elegant Stinkhorn. The aim of th... more Mutinus elegans is a species of fungi that is commonly called as Elegant Stinkhorn. The aim of this study was to screen the crude extracts of the fungus for phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay and anticancer activity. Extraction of the fungal sample in Soxhlet apparatus was done with n-hexane and methanol as the solvent. Stock solutions of the crude methanol extract were prepared and used for microbiological assay. Thin layer chromatography was performed in order to determine the number of active components in nhexane, and methanol solvent system for the fungus Mutinus elegans. Further, antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The fungal sample was then tested for cytotoxicity assay against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines. The antimicrobial assay of Mutinus elegans extract exhibited activity against five pathogens. The zone of inhibition was measured with respect to standard antibiotics. Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC/MS analysis), revealed the presence of dibromo-tetradecan-1-ol-acetate, 2-myristynoyl-glycinamide, fumaric acid, and cyclohexylmethyldecyl ester compounds were presented in methanol and nhexane extract of Mutinus elegans. The present study concludes the presence of bioactive compound in the extract which exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in Mutinus elegans.
Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
This study is undertaken to prove the antimicrobial potential of the methanolic extracts of the s... more This study is undertaken to prove the antimicrobial potential of the methanolic extracts of the seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for the antimicrobial assay and biochemical characterization. The knowledge about the type of compound and its nature were obtained using characterizations including UV-Visible analysis and GC-MS. The extracts of cowpea displayed a zone of inhibition which is 13-17 mm, against Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive. Thin-layer chromatography, GC-MS and UV-Vis results showed the presence of methyl esters in higher amounts in the extracts with small amounts of sterols, suggesting that methyl esters can be the cause of the biological activity seen in the present work. SwissADME tool helped in screening the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters of the identified phytoligands. Molecular docking results were following the in vitro studies performed. Protein-ligand docking using AutoDock 4.0 software was used for the validation ...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacterial strains in urine samples obtained from a pe... more Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacterial strains in urine samples obtained from a person without revelation of any symptoms of urinary infections. During pregnancy, women are prone to suffer from urinary tract infection at much higher rates due to certain physiological alterations. Thus, the awareness amongst women to protect themselves from asymptomatic bacteriuria and its risk factors are much required. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from women attending the outpatient department in Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre. Group of 350 patients were routinely checked. Urine samples of the patients were routinely collected and checked for presence of pathogenic bacteria. The microbes obtained were studied thoroughly to determine their pathogenicity. Antibiotic susceptibility ability of the organisms was studied to detect the resistance of the strains against the drugs used for t...
International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2017
Background: Physical and chemical methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles have been on the fo... more Background: Physical and chemical methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles have been on the focus for the last decade as it has been broadly exploited by researchers. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles was found to be easy and economical. The wide applications of titanium dioxide in various fields have drawn attention for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Cowpea seeds are easily available and rich in protein as well as high in antioxidant which enhances the good characteristics of the nanoparticles synthesized using it. Methods: In the present investigation the nanoparticles are synthesized using Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seeds extract. 0.1 mM titanium dioxide was mixed with cowpea seeds extract for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial activity of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles was checked against clini...
Heavy metals are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants that are introduced into envi... more Heavy metals are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants that are introduced into environment via industrial operations. Copper affect environment as well as humans and animals when in excess concentration. Removal of copper from environment can be performed by physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods are the traditional approaches for treatment of copper in environment. Disadvantages in conventional treatment have led to the introduction of biological treatments for removal of the heavy metals. The search for alternative and innovative treatment techniques has focused on the biosorption activity of biological substances including living cells as well as certain plants. In this study, biosorption of copper by Oryza sativa and Aspergillus oryzae was studied. Biosorption with these biological substrates are cost effective and highly efficient. The experiment deals with a comparison of biosorption of copper in terms of optimum metal concentration, biomass concentration, rate of remediation and effect of pH on the process of biosorption using Oryza sativa and Aspergillus oryzae. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to quantify metals in the synthetic effluents. Initial and final metal concentrations were estimated to establish the optimum values of the parameters.
The aim of the research work was to isolate and identify bacterial strains from sewage soil sampl... more The aim of the research work was to isolate and identify bacterial strains from sewage soil sample. The bacteria were then checked for antibiotic resistance by performing antibiotic sensitivity assay against commonly used antibiotics. Isolation of the bacterial strains was done on nutrient agar plates. Biochemical tests were carried out for identification of the isolated bacteria. The biochemical tests performed included IMViC test, triple sugar iron, urease, catalase, oxidase, nitrate reductase and carbohydrate fermentation test. The results were noted and compared with standard biochemical chart for preliminary identification. Further identification of the strains were done by inoculating the bacteria on selective media, such as, eosin methylene blue agar, Mac Conkey agar, blood agar and Salmonella Shigella agar. The bacteria were checked for antibiotic sensitivity assay against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, penicillin, streptomycin, ampillicin and ceftazidime. All the three isolates showed resistance towards penicillin, ampicillin and ceftazidime.
Chemical pesticides are largely used in different types of crops all over the world. This particu... more Chemical pesticides are largely used in different types of crops all over the world. This particular study deals with the mycoremediation of the pesticide Monocrotophos (MCP) which is largely used for the protection of cash crops. Fungal isolates which had the potential to degrade MCP was isolated by means of enrichment technique from sugarcane fields which were sprayed with the pesticide prior to sample collection. The isolated strain was identified as Aspergillus sojae strain JPDA1 through molecular characterisation of 18s rRNA gene sequence. The strain was able to degrade 500 mg/l monocrotophos in 72h in mineral medium. Two type of trails were maintained, in the first trial, the soil was spiked with 500 mg/l of monocrotophos and amended with nutrients followed by inoculation of strain JPDA1 and in the second trial, the soil was spiked with 500 mg/l of monocrotophos devoid of nutrients with JPDA1 was inoculated. In the former trial the strain was able to degrade monocrotophos 144 h of incubation and in the latter the time taken was 168 h for degradation of pesticide. The course of the degradation process was studied using high performance liquid chromatography and fourier transform infrared analyses. These results showed that the particular fungus had a potential to degrade monocrotophos contaminated environments.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste disposal remains one of the major environmental concerns fa... more Low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste disposal remains one of the major environmental concerns faced by the world today. In past decades, major focus has been given to enhance the biodegradation of LDPE by microbial species. In this present study, Aspergillus versicolor with the ability to degrade LDPE was isolated from municipal landfill area using enrichment technique. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed its identity as Aspergillus versicolor. The biodegradation study was carried out for 90 d in M1 medium. The degradation behavior of LDPE films by Aspergillus versicolor strain JASS1 were confirmed by weight loss, CO2 evolution, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated strain JASS1 had the potential to degrade LDPE films and it can be useful in solving the problem caused by polyethylene in the environment.
Proteases are well known enzymes for their wide range application in food industry, detergent ind... more Proteases are well known enzymes for their wide range application in food industry, detergent industry and pharmaceuticals industry for the preparation of ointments and medicine. They are also widely used in leather industry for dehairing and bating of hides as an alternative for toxic chemicals which in turn hamper the environment. As enzymes have proved to solve unresolved technical issues relating to pollution control the present study was undertaken to screen for organisms which could produce extracellular proteases. Organisms were isolated from tannery effluent, in which 13 isolates were obtained and among which 5 isolates were found to produce extracellular proteases. Biochemical test revealed the organisms to be Aeronomas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The stability of the protease was also studied under temperature and pH. The organism was found to grow over a wide range of pH and temperatures. Among the 5 isolates Aeronomas sp., B...
The cocoa leaf (CL), seeds (CS) and pod (CP) were studied for the estimation of medicinal propert... more The cocoa leaf (CL), seeds (CS) and pod (CP) were studied for the estimation of medicinal properties that they contain and the focus was screening for anticancer ability. Extraction of the samples in Soxhlet apparatus was done with methanol as the solvent followed by phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay and anticancer activity. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the number of compounds in hexane:ethyl acetate: methanol solvent system for cocoa pod and chloroform:methanol solvent for cocoa leaf under UV illuminator. The antimicrobial assay by agar well diffusion method of cocoa seeds showed zone of inhibition against pathogens Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and Shigella dysenteriae. Further, antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The sample was then tested for cytotoxicity assay against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines and active compounds were identified by doing Gas chromatography and Mass spectr...
Alpha amylase (α-amylase) enzyme is used as a thinning agent in the starch hydrolysis and it is w... more Alpha amylase (α-amylase) enzyme is used as a thinning agent in the starch hydrolysis and it is widely used in the food processing, paper and textile industries. The intention of the present study was to analyse the α-amylase activity in solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation using immobilized cells of Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), respectively. The enzyme activity was measured at different time intervals. Substrates used in fermentation were rice bran, paddy husk, raw rice and brown rice. Rice bran was noted to be the best substrate marking an average of 49.4 ppm/g for 120 h in solid state fermentation by A. oryzae followed by raw rice showing 43.5, brown rice 40.2 ppm/g and paddy husk 7.1 ppm/g correspondingly. Similarly, rice bran was found to be a superior substrate giving an average amylase activity of 132.6 ppm/g followed by brown rice with 105.9 ppm/g, raw rice with 98.0 ppm/g and paddy husk with 15.0 ppm/g among all substrates a...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Mutinus elegans is a species of fungi that is commonly called as Elegant Stinkhorn. The aim of th... more Mutinus elegans is a species of fungi that is commonly called as Elegant Stinkhorn. The aim of this study was to screen the crude extracts of the fungus for phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay and anticancer activity. Extraction of the fungal sample in Soxhlet apparatus was done with n-hexane and methanol as the solvent. Stock solutions of the crude methanol extract were prepared and used for microbiological assay. Thin layer chromatography was performed in order to determine the number of active components in nhexane, and methanol solvent system for the fungus Mutinus elegans. Further, antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The fungal sample was then tested for cytotoxicity assay against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines. The antimicrobial assay of Mutinus elegans extract exhibited activity against five pathogens. The zone of inhibition was measured with respect to standard antibiotics. Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC/MS analysis), revealed the presence of dibromo-tetradecan-1-ol-acetate, 2-myristynoyl-glycinamide, fumaric acid, and cyclohexylmethyldecyl ester compounds were presented in methanol and nhexane extract of Mutinus elegans. The present study concludes the presence of bioactive compound in the extract which exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in Mutinus elegans.
Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
This study is undertaken to prove the antimicrobial potential of the methanolic extracts of the s... more This study is undertaken to prove the antimicrobial potential of the methanolic extracts of the seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for the antimicrobial assay and biochemical characterization. The knowledge about the type of compound and its nature were obtained using characterizations including UV-Visible analysis and GC-MS. The extracts of cowpea displayed a zone of inhibition which is 13-17 mm, against Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive. Thin-layer chromatography, GC-MS and UV-Vis results showed the presence of methyl esters in higher amounts in the extracts with small amounts of sterols, suggesting that methyl esters can be the cause of the biological activity seen in the present work. SwissADME tool helped in screening the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters of the identified phytoligands. Molecular docking results were following the in vitro studies performed. Protein-ligand docking using AutoDock 4.0 software was used for the validation ...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacterial strains in urine samples obtained from a pe... more Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacterial strains in urine samples obtained from a person without revelation of any symptoms of urinary infections. During pregnancy, women are prone to suffer from urinary tract infection at much higher rates due to certain physiological alterations. Thus, the awareness amongst women to protect themselves from asymptomatic bacteriuria and its risk factors are much required. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from women attending the outpatient department in Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre. Group of 350 patients were routinely checked. Urine samples of the patients were routinely collected and checked for presence of pathogenic bacteria. The microbes obtained were studied thoroughly to determine their pathogenicity. Antibiotic susceptibility ability of the organisms was studied to detect the resistance of the strains against the drugs used for t...
International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2017
Background: Physical and chemical methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles have been on the fo... more Background: Physical and chemical methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles have been on the focus for the last decade as it has been broadly exploited by researchers. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles was found to be easy and economical. The wide applications of titanium dioxide in various fields have drawn attention for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Cowpea seeds are easily available and rich in protein as well as high in antioxidant which enhances the good characteristics of the nanoparticles synthesized using it. Methods: In the present investigation the nanoparticles are synthesized using Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seeds extract. 0.1 mM titanium dioxide was mixed with cowpea seeds extract for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial activity of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles was checked against clini...
Heavy metals are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants that are introduced into envi... more Heavy metals are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants that are introduced into environment via industrial operations. Copper affect environment as well as humans and animals when in excess concentration. Removal of copper from environment can be performed by physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods are the traditional approaches for treatment of copper in environment. Disadvantages in conventional treatment have led to the introduction of biological treatments for removal of the heavy metals. The search for alternative and innovative treatment techniques has focused on the biosorption activity of biological substances including living cells as well as certain plants. In this study, biosorption of copper by Oryza sativa and Aspergillus oryzae was studied. Biosorption with these biological substrates are cost effective and highly efficient. The experiment deals with a comparison of biosorption of copper in terms of optimum metal concentration, biomass concentration, rate of remediation and effect of pH on the process of biosorption using Oryza sativa and Aspergillus oryzae. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to quantify metals in the synthetic effluents. Initial and final metal concentrations were estimated to establish the optimum values of the parameters.
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Papers by Jayanthi Abraham