For more than two years after the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), significant r... more For more than two years after the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), significant regional differences in morbidity persist. These differences clearly show lower incidence rates in several regions of the African and Asian continents. The work reported here aimed to test the hypothesis of a pre-pandemic natural immunity acquired by some human populations in central and western Africa, which would, therefore, pose the hypothesis of an original antigenic sin with a virus antigenically close to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify such pre-existing immunity, sera samples collected before the emergence of COVID-19 were tested to detect the presence of IgG reacting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins of major significance. Sera samples from French blood donors collected before the pandemic served as a control. The results showed a statistically significant difference of antibodies prevalence between the collected samples in Africa ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011
Recent molecular exploration of the Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Africa has re... more Recent molecular exploration of the Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Africa has revealed the existence of a large and previously unknown diversity of Plasmodium . For instance, gorillas were found to be infected by parasites closely related to Plasmodium falciparum , suggesting that the human malignant malaria agent may have arisen after a transfer from gorillas. Although this scenario is likely in light of the data collected in great apes, it remained to be ascertained whether P. falciparum -related parasites may infect other nonhuman primates in Africa. Using molecular tools, we here explore the diversity of Plasmodium species infecting monkeys in Central Africa. In addition to previously described Hepatocystis and Plasmodium species ( Plasmodium gonderi and Plasmodium sp DAJ-2004 ), we have found one African monkey to be infected by a P. falciparum -related parasite. Examination of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of this parasite reveals that it is specific o...
IntroductionAs antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited countries, ... more IntroductionAs antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited countries, the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is challenging in these settings. In Gabon (central Africa), no study has yet reported the virological effectiveness of initial ART given through routine HIV care.MethodsFollowing the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, a cross‐sectional study with a one‐time HIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL) measurement was conducted in Gabon to assess virological failure (VF) defined by a VL result ≥1000 copies/ml and DRMs among adult patients living with non‐B HIV‐1 strains and receiving first‐line non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months. Risk factors associated with VF and DRMs were assessed.ResultsBetween March 2010 and March 2011, a total of 375 patients were consecutively enrolled from two decentralized (one semirural and one rural) HIV care centres. Median time on ART was ...
The pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is looked for in the serological records of D... more The pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is looked for in the serological records of DHF patients (mainly children between the ages of one month and 16 years) at Siriraj Hospital in Thailand over a six -year period beginning 1998 (covering two three-year cycles). Based on the primary and secondary infections by both the haemagglutination-inhibition assay (HI) test and the IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, it was found that in 1998, 14 of the cases for which paired sera specimens were tested using both HI and ELISA (or 9.6% of 146 cases) had resulted from primary infections. In 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003, three out of 57 cases (5.3%); six out of 48 cases (12.5%); 85 out of 293 cases (29%); 23 out of 90 cases (25.6%) and 16 out of 56 cases (28.6%), respectively, resulted from primary infections. The percentages of primary infections during the last three years are well above 14.0% reported for cases occurring in Bangkok betwe...
Background. In Thailand, Japanese encephalitis appears with a higher incidence of the Northern re... more Background. In Thailand, Japanese encephalitis appears with a higher incidence of the Northern region (0.0/100,000 cases/year) as compared to the central southern region of the country (0.01/100,000/year). Also, all Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) recently isolated strains in country belong to the genotype I and III.Methods. In order to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the newly developed live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine in Thailand, the immune response in children was studied after a second immunization campaign. Following 2012 immunization campaign, a second JEV immunization vaccine was delivered to children among four provinces of the Northern Region of Thailand. For each province, the recipients were identified accordingly to the two vaccine campaigns time including the children who received the second dose of vaccine: 1/ less than one year before the present study (N=30 by province); 2/ more than one year before the present study (N=70 by province). ...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2000
A serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents f... more A serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents from two provinces of Thailand. This study aimed to examine virus antibody in 354 rodents trapped among 6 different villages of Nakhon Pathom Province (February-March, 1998) and in 326 rodents trapped among 14 villages of Nakhon Ratchasima Province (August-October, 1998). Seroprevalence among rodents from Nakhon Pathom Province (2.3%), was mostly find in Rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and Bandicota indica (2.6%). In Nakhon Ratchasima Province seroprevalence (4.0%) was mostly in Bandicota indica (19.1%) and Rattus exulans (3.5%).
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2006
In the year 2001 a large dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak occurred in Na... more In the year 2001 a large dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak occurred in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Three thousand one hundred twelve cases of DHF were reported, an attack rate of 393 per 100,000 population. The Nakhon Pathom Provincial Health Office immediately carried out a control action according to WHO recommendations. Active serological surveys and viral RNA isolation were carried out to detect silent transmission of dengue virus in 329 healthy volunteers in Nakhon Pathom Province subdistricts where the dengue epidemic had the highest rate of infection of 2.5 per 1000. Eight point eight percent of these volunteers had a serum sample positive for DF/DHF virus IgM antibody. The highest prevalence occurred in the 15 to 40 year old group. In two instances viral RNA was detected by PCR and dengue serotype 3 was subsequently identified. The data support the hypothesis of subclinical infection with dengue virus. This high frequency of virus circulation co...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2005
The virucidal and antiviral photoactivities of three compounds, hypericin, tetrabromohypericin an... more The virucidal and antiviral photoactivities of three compounds, hypericin, tetrabromohypericin and gymnochrome B, were evaluated against dengue viruses. All the three products were active, and both the virucidal and antiviral activities were enhanced by light. Gymnochrome B was more potent than hypericin and tetrabromohypericin. The presence of the side chains on the hypericin core of gymnochromes appears to be beneficial for both virucidal and antiviral activities. This enhanced activity is likely to be linked to a complementary mechanism independent of photoactivation.
For more than two years after the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), significant r... more For more than two years after the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019), significant regional differences in morbidity persist. These differences clearly show lower incidence rates in several regions of the African and Asian continents. The work reported here aimed to test the hypothesis of a pre-pandemic natural immunity acquired by some human populations in central and western Africa, which would, therefore, pose the hypothesis of an original antigenic sin with a virus antigenically close to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify such pre-existing immunity, sera samples collected before the emergence of COVID-19 were tested to detect the presence of IgG reacting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins of major significance. Sera samples from French blood donors collected before the pandemic served as a control. The results showed a statistically significant difference of antibodies prevalence between the collected samples in Africa ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011
Recent molecular exploration of the Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Africa has re... more Recent molecular exploration of the Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Africa has revealed the existence of a large and previously unknown diversity of Plasmodium . For instance, gorillas were found to be infected by parasites closely related to Plasmodium falciparum , suggesting that the human malignant malaria agent may have arisen after a transfer from gorillas. Although this scenario is likely in light of the data collected in great apes, it remained to be ascertained whether P. falciparum -related parasites may infect other nonhuman primates in Africa. Using molecular tools, we here explore the diversity of Plasmodium species infecting monkeys in Central Africa. In addition to previously described Hepatocystis and Plasmodium species ( Plasmodium gonderi and Plasmodium sp DAJ-2004 ), we have found one African monkey to be infected by a P. falciparum -related parasite. Examination of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of this parasite reveals that it is specific o...
IntroductionAs antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited countries, ... more IntroductionAs antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited countries, the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is challenging in these settings. In Gabon (central Africa), no study has yet reported the virological effectiveness of initial ART given through routine HIV care.MethodsFollowing the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, a cross‐sectional study with a one‐time HIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL) measurement was conducted in Gabon to assess virological failure (VF) defined by a VL result ≥1000 copies/ml and DRMs among adult patients living with non‐B HIV‐1 strains and receiving first‐line non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months. Risk factors associated with VF and DRMs were assessed.ResultsBetween March 2010 and March 2011, a total of 375 patients were consecutively enrolled from two decentralized (one semirural and one rural) HIV care centres. Median time on ART was ...
The pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is looked for in the serological records of D... more The pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is looked for in the serological records of DHF patients (mainly children between the ages of one month and 16 years) at Siriraj Hospital in Thailand over a six -year period beginning 1998 (covering two three-year cycles). Based on the primary and secondary infections by both the haemagglutination-inhibition assay (HI) test and the IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, it was found that in 1998, 14 of the cases for which paired sera specimens were tested using both HI and ELISA (or 9.6% of 146 cases) had resulted from primary infections. In 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003, three out of 57 cases (5.3%); six out of 48 cases (12.5%); 85 out of 293 cases (29%); 23 out of 90 cases (25.6%) and 16 out of 56 cases (28.6%), respectively, resulted from primary infections. The percentages of primary infections during the last three years are well above 14.0% reported for cases occurring in Bangkok betwe...
Background. In Thailand, Japanese encephalitis appears with a higher incidence of the Northern re... more Background. In Thailand, Japanese encephalitis appears with a higher incidence of the Northern region (0.0/100,000 cases/year) as compared to the central southern region of the country (0.01/100,000/year). Also, all Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) recently isolated strains in country belong to the genotype I and III.Methods. In order to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the newly developed live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine in Thailand, the immune response in children was studied after a second immunization campaign. Following 2012 immunization campaign, a second JEV immunization vaccine was delivered to children among four provinces of the Northern Region of Thailand. For each province, the recipients were identified accordingly to the two vaccine campaigns time including the children who received the second dose of vaccine: 1/ less than one year before the present study (N=30 by province); 2/ more than one year before the present study (N=70 by province). ...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2000
A serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents f... more A serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents from two provinces of Thailand. This study aimed to examine virus antibody in 354 rodents trapped among 6 different villages of Nakhon Pathom Province (February-March, 1998) and in 326 rodents trapped among 14 villages of Nakhon Ratchasima Province (August-October, 1998). Seroprevalence among rodents from Nakhon Pathom Province (2.3%), was mostly find in Rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and Bandicota indica (2.6%). In Nakhon Ratchasima Province seroprevalence (4.0%) was mostly in Bandicota indica (19.1%) and Rattus exulans (3.5%).
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2006
In the year 2001 a large dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak occurred in Na... more In the year 2001 a large dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreak occurred in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Three thousand one hundred twelve cases of DHF were reported, an attack rate of 393 per 100,000 population. The Nakhon Pathom Provincial Health Office immediately carried out a control action according to WHO recommendations. Active serological surveys and viral RNA isolation were carried out to detect silent transmission of dengue virus in 329 healthy volunteers in Nakhon Pathom Province subdistricts where the dengue epidemic had the highest rate of infection of 2.5 per 1000. Eight point eight percent of these volunteers had a serum sample positive for DF/DHF virus IgM antibody. The highest prevalence occurred in the 15 to 40 year old group. In two instances viral RNA was detected by PCR and dengue serotype 3 was subsequently identified. The data support the hypothesis of subclinical infection with dengue virus. This high frequency of virus circulation co...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2005
The virucidal and antiviral photoactivities of three compounds, hypericin, tetrabromohypericin an... more The virucidal and antiviral photoactivities of three compounds, hypericin, tetrabromohypericin and gymnochrome B, were evaluated against dengue viruses. All the three products were active, and both the virucidal and antiviral activities were enhanced by light. Gymnochrome B was more potent than hypericin and tetrabromohypericin. The presence of the side chains on the hypericin core of gymnochromes appears to be beneficial for both virucidal and antiviral activities. This enhanced activity is likely to be linked to a complementary mechanism independent of photoactivation.
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Papers by Jean-Paul Gonzalez