The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman & Friesen, 1978) is a comprehensive and widely used... more The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman & Friesen, 1978) is a comprehensive and widely used method of objectively describing facial activity. Little is known, however, about inter-observer reliability in coding the occurrence, intensity, and timing of individual FACS action units. The present study evaluated the reliability of these measures. Observational data came from three independent laboratory studies designed to
What the face reveals (2nd edition): Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Oct 1, 2005
Both the configuration of facial features and the timing of facial actions are important to emoti... more Both the configuration of facial features and the timing of facial actions are important to emotion and communication (Ekman, 1992; Frank, Ekman, & Friesen, 1993). The chapters here (Cohn, Zlochower, Lien, & Kanade, ch. 17; Schmidt, Cohn, & Tian, ch. 16) represent the work of my interdisciplinary group of behavioral and computer scientists to develop and apply a computer-vision-based approach, the CMU/Pitt Automated Facial Image Analysis (AFA) System, to these aspects of facial expression. What follows is a summary of our ...
Many people believe that emotions and subjective feelings are one and the same and that a goal of... more Many people believe that emotions and subjective feelings are one and the same and that a goal of human-centered computing is emotion recognition. The first belief is outdated; the second mistaken. For human-centered computing to succeed, a different way of thinking is needed. Emotions are species-typical patterns that evolved because of their value in addressing fundamental life tasks (Ekman, 1992a). Emotions consist of multiple components that may include intentions, action tendencies, appraisals, other cognitions, ...
The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman & Friesen, 1978) is a comprehensive and widely used... more The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman & Friesen, 1978) is a comprehensive and widely used method of objectively describing facial activity. Little is known, however, about inter-observer reliability in coding the occurrence, intensity, and timing of individual FACS action units. The present study evaluated the reliability of these measures. Observational data came from three independent laboratory studies designed to
What the face reveals (2nd edition): Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Oct 1, 2005
Both the configuration of facial features and the timing of facial actions are important to emoti... more Both the configuration of facial features and the timing of facial actions are important to emotion and communication (Ekman, 1992; Frank, Ekman, & Friesen, 1993). The chapters here (Cohn, Zlochower, Lien, & Kanade, ch. 17; Schmidt, Cohn, & Tian, ch. 16) represent the work of my interdisciplinary group of behavioral and computer scientists to develop and apply a computer-vision-based approach, the CMU/Pitt Automated Facial Image Analysis (AFA) System, to these aspects of facial expression. What follows is a summary of our ...
Many people believe that emotions and subjective feelings are one and the same and that a goal of... more Many people believe that emotions and subjective feelings are one and the same and that a goal of human-centered computing is emotion recognition. The first belief is outdated; the second mistaken. For human-centered computing to succeed, a different way of thinking is needed. Emotions are species-typical patterns that evolved because of their value in addressing fundamental life tasks (Ekman, 1992a). Emotions consist of multiple components that may include intentions, action tendencies, appraisals, other cognitions, ...
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