This study investigates household e-waste management practices at Ward 9, Gwanda in Zimbabwe. A d... more This study investigates household e-waste management practices at Ward 9, Gwanda in Zimbabwe. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in which a sample of 125 participants was selected through random sampling with the aim of determining the nature, quantities and management practices of electronic waste in the study area. Data was collected through the use of a pre-tested questionnaire and key informant interviews. Observation pictures were also taken to document the methods used by households to manage the e-waste. Collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and presented using tables and graphs. The study found that on average each household unit generated the following quantities and types of e-waste: electrical irons (0.68±0.68), kettles (0.53±0.50), stoves (0.34±0.54), televisions (0.26±0.44) and decoders (0.18±0.44). With regards to household e-waste management, 54.4% of the participants reported that they disp...
This study examines the alternatives for recycling of plastic waste and gives a general overview ... more This study examines the alternatives for recycling of plastic waste and gives a general overview of the main environmental issues related to plastic disposal. It gives a rundown of the amounts and sorts of plastics in the waste stream and furthermore the primary impacts of recycling on the plastic material itself, the environment and also the national economy. The two main types of recycling are mechanical and chemical recycling. The research also compares the methods of recycling which are already in use and selecting the best in a bid to save the environment from pollution. The study also seeks to discover the challenges and benefits associated with plastic waste recycling. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to conduct the study. Data was analysed through hand tallying in the form of tables, graphs and pie charts. From the main findings, there is a lot of plastic waste in Mbare (Harare) because of the shortage of bins and an ineffective waste collection system. ...
Solid waste management has become one of the major challenges in both public circles and environm... more Solid waste management has become one of the major challenges in both public circles and environmental health at the global level. The extent of the problems being faced as a result of improper solid waste management cannot be understated for example the illegal dumping and burning of municipal waste has become a common phenomenon in most Zimbabwean towns and cities. Studies regarding solid waste management have been widely researched by various scholars across the globe. In Zimbabwe, studies regarding solid waste management have been studied by scholars like Mlaudzi (2017) and Mutsvanga, et al. (2018) among others. Most of the studies focus on major urban centres and lack much information on residential areas. This study focuses on the challenges faced by local authorities in solid waste management in Dangamvura, Mutare. The main objectives of the study include: exploring the challenges being faced by the city of Mutare in solid waste management within the Dangamvura residential ar...
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2011
Household energy demand in Zimbabwean urban centres has led to massive deforestation on the outsk... more Household energy demand in Zimbabwean urban centres has led to massive deforestation on the outskirts of these settlements as residents search for wood fuel, in the wake of prevailing power cuts and load shedding strategies. This study examines the city of Masvingo, which is currently facing this problem. It is based on surveys that were conducted between September 2007 and October 2008. Four methods were used in the collection of data namely: literature review, questionnaire interviews, field surveys and measurements. The study shows that rapid rates of deforestation are currently underway on the outskirts of Rujeko C Extension, one of the low-income residential areas. They range from 11% to 85% with an average of 38% in the surveyed areas. This has led to desertification and land degradation in general, which are threats to bio-diversity and the natural environment. Several solutions are proposed for the achievement of sustainable development at city level. They include: the devel...
Waste segregation at the source, which is a pre-requisite aspect in waste management challenges, ... more Waste segregation at the source, which is a pre-requisite aspect in waste management challenges, is a concept that mining sectors in Zimbabwe are yet to completely appreciate and put into practice on a broader scale. The accumulation of solid waste has become a global challenge in various mining industries. Despite the efforts of Unki Platinum Mine in environmental management participation in solid waste segregation at Unki Platinum Mine is still limited. Since the organization needs to accomplish its aim of zero waste to landfills by 2030, it is critical to encourage source separation practices among its personnel. There is a need to recognize the issues at a general employee level in order to propose appropriate suggestions for enhancing solid waste segregation at the source. The goal of this study was to look into the issues of solid waste segregation at the source at the Unki Platinum Mine in Shurugwi. Several departments at the mine that create significant solid wastes were ch...
The paper discusses the environmental challenges associated with solid waste disposal and managem... more The paper discusses the environmental challenges associated with solid waste disposal and management currently confronting the city of Masvingo in Zimbabwe. In addition to an extensive literature review, the study used the primary field survey method to gather data. A number of types and sources of solid waste in this city were identified. The study, conducted in 2008, identified several challenges associated with refuse collection, transportation and management in Masvingo. The paper notes that, in Zimbabwe, the challenges associated with solid waste management are not restricted to Masvingo, and states that for that reason, the issue should be addressed at national rather than local level. Solutions suggested include environmental education campaigns among members of the public. The need for technical and financial assistance through donor aid is also suggested. By way of conclusion, the paper posits that the country must mend its relations with Western countries and donors if the...
Mining plays a key role in Zimbabwe’s economy, contributing 5% and 23% to the country’s gross dom... more Mining plays a key role in Zimbabwe’s economy, contributing 5% and 23% to the country’s gross domestic (GDP) and total exports, respectively. It also generates foreign currency and supplies raw materials to some industries. As a ‘robber’ industry, it extracts minerals from the earth without replacing them. It also creates deep shafts and ugly pits which damage the landscape. In addition it causes environmental pollution and is a threat to the tranquillity of the natural environment. Based on information that was collected in August 2017, this paper discusses various aspects of the mining industry. These include Zimbabwe’s mining legislation, environmental impacts of the mining industry at global level, in the SADC region and in Zimbabwe. Problems which confront the industry as well as their possible solutions in Zimbabwe are also examined. From a sustainable development (SD) point of view, mining poses a serious danger which should be addressed at both local and national levels. Sin...
Zimbabwe’s problems of land degradation date back to the colonial era when the Rhodesian governme... more Zimbabwe’s problems of land degradation date back to the colonial era when the Rhodesian government created native reserves, the so-called Tribal Trust Lands (TTLs) in 1926. Through the enactment of the Land Apportionment Act of 1930, the country was subdivided into European and Native Lands. Since the Act ignored the population disparities of these areas, an environmental crisis was bound to occur in the near future. Furthermore, the Europeans took the best agricultural land while blacks were relegated to the drier and less productive areas. Due to the introduction of the ox-drawn plough, the communal lands were subjected to massive land degradation in the form of deforestation and soil erosion. Although massive land re-distribution has occurred since 2000, land degradation has spread to the newly-resettled areas as human and livestock populations continue to increase in these former white farms. The demand of timber for building purposes as well as wood fuel in these areas, have w...
One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its r... more One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its residents. In many developing countries, millions of people live in squalid conditions, shacks, squatter settlements, backyard shanties and substandard housing. This situation reflects the mismatch between housing demand and supply in these cities. Although various strategies have been applied to address the problem, they have yielded little or no success in alleviating the problem especially among the poor. This paper examines the problem of housing in the city of Mutare, one of Zimbabwe’s major urban centres. Taking an historical perspective, the paper shows that the solution to the problem of urban shelter has been, and continues to be a daunting task more than two decades after Zimbabwe’s independence from Britain in 1980. This scenario prevails in spite of the numerous strategies that have been employed over the years to address the problem.
Tourism is viewed as one of the largest and fastest growing industries at the global level. Devel... more Tourism is viewed as one of the largest and fastest growing industries at the global level. Developing countries often see it as a low-hanging fruit in terms of stimulating economic development. A variety of perspectives has been explored in the study of tourism. However, one of the least researched issues is that of the demographic characteristics of the sector. Hence, there is a need to explore it. This study focusing on Masvingo Urban (Zimbabwe) examines several demographic features of the tourism industry. They include: age, gender, education as well as designation, nature and type of organization and experience. The data collection exercise was conducted in May, 2018. It is recommended that more such studies should be conducted so as to achieve more holistic views on the subject. Since women in the industry are outnumbered by men, there is a need to employ more of them in order to balance up the numbers. Although this study only focuses on Masvingo, there is a need to explore t...
The industrial revolution which started in Europe during the 19 th century has brought about majo... more The industrial revolution which started in Europe during the 19 th century has brought about major changes to human life. While humankind has realised major changes in terms of diet, nutrition, health and mobility, the resultant problems of waste disposal have worsened considerably owing to the emergence of products that are non- biodegradable. A good example is that of plastic waste whose proliferation has reached unprecedented levels during the last decades. Today plastic waste is posing a threat to livestock, fish and other aquatic creatures. Most urban centres in developing countries are littered with large volumes of plastic waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, it is posing a major problem to the natural environment. In some cases, livestock which consume the waste end up developing health problems which often lead to their death. On the other hand, the disposal of plastic waste into water bodies such as dams, lakes and seas have a negative impact on aquatic life. This p...
Major tourist attractions in Zimbabwe include: natural, cultural, historical, and wildlife found ... more Major tourist attractions in Zimbabwe include: natural, cultural, historical, and wildlife found in game reserves and national parks. The Victoria Falls are among the major wonders of the country with a height of 108m and a width of up to 1708m. At peak flow of the Zambezi river nearly 550 million litres of water flow into the gorge. Due to the force of the water, the spray is pushed up into the sky reaching heights of over 400m which can be viewed from a distance of 50km away and can be felt throughout the town. Lakes Tokwe-Mukosi and Mutirikwi, Hwange and Gonarezhou national parks, Nyangani, Vumba and Chimanimani mountains, Great Zimbabwe Monuments and some cities are other attractions. This paper examines tourist attractions, facilities, arrivals, occupancy, challenges and opportunities in the country. It provides a comprehensive database of information about local tourist destinations, attractions and facilities in Zimbabwe. Since there is little information on the subject of Zi...
The question of the sustainability of a mine is extremely difficult to answer, and requires subst... more The question of the sustainability of a mine is extremely difficult to answer, and requires substantive data and other issues to be put into context. This study highlights the major types of waste that are accumulating in a mine both surface and underground. The study also reveals what has been done by Renco Mine in dealing with waste associated with the mining of gold. It shows that little has been done in the reduction of waste generated by mining activities. The issue of waste management is correctly perceived to be a major issue for municipal councils and the manufacturing, construction and chemicals industries. There is less recognition, however, of the vastly larger quantity of solid wastes produced by the mining industry. The reasons for this are most likely due to the perceived relatively benign nature of mine wastes, remoteness from populations, apparent success in mine waste management, or other factors. Waste rock is generally the only waste type which could pose a signif...
Poor waste management has been one of the greatest challenges in most developing countries. Towns... more Poor waste management has been one of the greatest challenges in most developing countries. Towns and cities in developing countries have experienced population explosions due to natural increase and rural-urban migration. Urbanization and modernization have also led to the increase of the amount and complexity of the waste being generated. Local authorities responsible for proper waste management are faced by various problems which include financial constraints, absence of the required professional personnel as well as poor public awareness on the dangers of poor waste management and the absence of properly engineered landfills. In the current study, waste management in Chiredzi was researched. A mixed methods research approach was used in the study, selected wards were used as representatives of the town in responding to questionnaires, and the relevant local authorities were interviewed. Chiredzi just like most towns in developing countries has poor waste management practices. Th...
The growth pole theory originates from Francois Perroux, a French economist who visualized growth... more The growth pole theory originates from Francois Perroux, a French economist who visualized growth poles in economic space (Perroux, 1955). As such, his theory had nothing to do with physical or geographical space (Glasson, 1978). In fact, Perroux was mainly concerned with interactions among industrial sectors rather than spatial development processes (Hansen, 1981). However, geographers and planners adopted his theory for planning purposes. In this way, they developed the growth center theory. Some of the proponents of this theory were Boudeville, Friedmann, Myrdal and Hirschman. The growth center theory was first applied in European countries such as Britain, France and Italy in order to address the problems of economically depressed regions. Later on the strategy was adopted in developing nations of Latin America, Asia and Africa. In colonial Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), it was adopted in 1969 with the aim of decongesting major urban centers such as Salisbury (Harare), Bulawayo, Gwelo...
One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its r... more One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its residents. In many developing countries, millions of people live in squalid conditions, shacks, squatter settlements, backyard shanties and substandard housing. This situation reflects the mismatch between housing demand and supply in these cities. Although various strategies have been applied to address the problem, they have yielded little or no success in alleviating the problem especially among the poor. This paper examines the problem of housing in the city of Mutare, one of Zimbabwe’s major urban centres. Taking an historical perspective, the paper shows that the solution to the problem of urban shelter has been, and continues to be a daunting task more than two decades after Zimbabwe’s independence from Britain in 1980. This scenario prevails in spite of the numerous strategies that have been employed over the years to address the problem.
This study investigates household e-waste management practices at Ward 9, Gwanda in Zimbabwe. A d... more This study investigates household e-waste management practices at Ward 9, Gwanda in Zimbabwe. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in which a sample of 125 participants was selected through random sampling with the aim of determining the nature, quantities and management practices of electronic waste in the study area. Data was collected through the use of a pre-tested questionnaire and key informant interviews. Observation pictures were also taken to document the methods used by households to manage the e-waste. Collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and presented using tables and graphs. The study found that on average each household unit generated the following quantities and types of e-waste: electrical irons (0.68±0.68), kettles (0.53±0.50), stoves (0.34±0.54), televisions (0.26±0.44) and decoders (0.18±0.44). With regards to household e-waste management, 54.4% of the participants reported that they disp...
This study examines the alternatives for recycling of plastic waste and gives a general overview ... more This study examines the alternatives for recycling of plastic waste and gives a general overview of the main environmental issues related to plastic disposal. It gives a rundown of the amounts and sorts of plastics in the waste stream and furthermore the primary impacts of recycling on the plastic material itself, the environment and also the national economy. The two main types of recycling are mechanical and chemical recycling. The research also compares the methods of recycling which are already in use and selecting the best in a bid to save the environment from pollution. The study also seeks to discover the challenges and benefits associated with plastic waste recycling. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to conduct the study. Data was analysed through hand tallying in the form of tables, graphs and pie charts. From the main findings, there is a lot of plastic waste in Mbare (Harare) because of the shortage of bins and an ineffective waste collection system. ...
Solid waste management has become one of the major challenges in both public circles and environm... more Solid waste management has become one of the major challenges in both public circles and environmental health at the global level. The extent of the problems being faced as a result of improper solid waste management cannot be understated for example the illegal dumping and burning of municipal waste has become a common phenomenon in most Zimbabwean towns and cities. Studies regarding solid waste management have been widely researched by various scholars across the globe. In Zimbabwe, studies regarding solid waste management have been studied by scholars like Mlaudzi (2017) and Mutsvanga, et al. (2018) among others. Most of the studies focus on major urban centres and lack much information on residential areas. This study focuses on the challenges faced by local authorities in solid waste management in Dangamvura, Mutare. The main objectives of the study include: exploring the challenges being faced by the city of Mutare in solid waste management within the Dangamvura residential ar...
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2011
Household energy demand in Zimbabwean urban centres has led to massive deforestation on the outsk... more Household energy demand in Zimbabwean urban centres has led to massive deforestation on the outskirts of these settlements as residents search for wood fuel, in the wake of prevailing power cuts and load shedding strategies. This study examines the city of Masvingo, which is currently facing this problem. It is based on surveys that were conducted between September 2007 and October 2008. Four methods were used in the collection of data namely: literature review, questionnaire interviews, field surveys and measurements. The study shows that rapid rates of deforestation are currently underway on the outskirts of Rujeko C Extension, one of the low-income residential areas. They range from 11% to 85% with an average of 38% in the surveyed areas. This has led to desertification and land degradation in general, which are threats to bio-diversity and the natural environment. Several solutions are proposed for the achievement of sustainable development at city level. They include: the devel...
Waste segregation at the source, which is a pre-requisite aspect in waste management challenges, ... more Waste segregation at the source, which is a pre-requisite aspect in waste management challenges, is a concept that mining sectors in Zimbabwe are yet to completely appreciate and put into practice on a broader scale. The accumulation of solid waste has become a global challenge in various mining industries. Despite the efforts of Unki Platinum Mine in environmental management participation in solid waste segregation at Unki Platinum Mine is still limited. Since the organization needs to accomplish its aim of zero waste to landfills by 2030, it is critical to encourage source separation practices among its personnel. There is a need to recognize the issues at a general employee level in order to propose appropriate suggestions for enhancing solid waste segregation at the source. The goal of this study was to look into the issues of solid waste segregation at the source at the Unki Platinum Mine in Shurugwi. Several departments at the mine that create significant solid wastes were ch...
The paper discusses the environmental challenges associated with solid waste disposal and managem... more The paper discusses the environmental challenges associated with solid waste disposal and management currently confronting the city of Masvingo in Zimbabwe. In addition to an extensive literature review, the study used the primary field survey method to gather data. A number of types and sources of solid waste in this city were identified. The study, conducted in 2008, identified several challenges associated with refuse collection, transportation and management in Masvingo. The paper notes that, in Zimbabwe, the challenges associated with solid waste management are not restricted to Masvingo, and states that for that reason, the issue should be addressed at national rather than local level. Solutions suggested include environmental education campaigns among members of the public. The need for technical and financial assistance through donor aid is also suggested. By way of conclusion, the paper posits that the country must mend its relations with Western countries and donors if the...
Mining plays a key role in Zimbabwe’s economy, contributing 5% and 23% to the country’s gross dom... more Mining plays a key role in Zimbabwe’s economy, contributing 5% and 23% to the country’s gross domestic (GDP) and total exports, respectively. It also generates foreign currency and supplies raw materials to some industries. As a ‘robber’ industry, it extracts minerals from the earth without replacing them. It also creates deep shafts and ugly pits which damage the landscape. In addition it causes environmental pollution and is a threat to the tranquillity of the natural environment. Based on information that was collected in August 2017, this paper discusses various aspects of the mining industry. These include Zimbabwe’s mining legislation, environmental impacts of the mining industry at global level, in the SADC region and in Zimbabwe. Problems which confront the industry as well as their possible solutions in Zimbabwe are also examined. From a sustainable development (SD) point of view, mining poses a serious danger which should be addressed at both local and national levels. Sin...
Zimbabwe’s problems of land degradation date back to the colonial era when the Rhodesian governme... more Zimbabwe’s problems of land degradation date back to the colonial era when the Rhodesian government created native reserves, the so-called Tribal Trust Lands (TTLs) in 1926. Through the enactment of the Land Apportionment Act of 1930, the country was subdivided into European and Native Lands. Since the Act ignored the population disparities of these areas, an environmental crisis was bound to occur in the near future. Furthermore, the Europeans took the best agricultural land while blacks were relegated to the drier and less productive areas. Due to the introduction of the ox-drawn plough, the communal lands were subjected to massive land degradation in the form of deforestation and soil erosion. Although massive land re-distribution has occurred since 2000, land degradation has spread to the newly-resettled areas as human and livestock populations continue to increase in these former white farms. The demand of timber for building purposes as well as wood fuel in these areas, have w...
One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its r... more One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its residents. In many developing countries, millions of people live in squalid conditions, shacks, squatter settlements, backyard shanties and substandard housing. This situation reflects the mismatch between housing demand and supply in these cities. Although various strategies have been applied to address the problem, they have yielded little or no success in alleviating the problem especially among the poor. This paper examines the problem of housing in the city of Mutare, one of Zimbabwe’s major urban centres. Taking an historical perspective, the paper shows that the solution to the problem of urban shelter has been, and continues to be a daunting task more than two decades after Zimbabwe’s independence from Britain in 1980. This scenario prevails in spite of the numerous strategies that have been employed over the years to address the problem.
Tourism is viewed as one of the largest and fastest growing industries at the global level. Devel... more Tourism is viewed as one of the largest and fastest growing industries at the global level. Developing countries often see it as a low-hanging fruit in terms of stimulating economic development. A variety of perspectives has been explored in the study of tourism. However, one of the least researched issues is that of the demographic characteristics of the sector. Hence, there is a need to explore it. This study focusing on Masvingo Urban (Zimbabwe) examines several demographic features of the tourism industry. They include: age, gender, education as well as designation, nature and type of organization and experience. The data collection exercise was conducted in May, 2018. It is recommended that more such studies should be conducted so as to achieve more holistic views on the subject. Since women in the industry are outnumbered by men, there is a need to employ more of them in order to balance up the numbers. Although this study only focuses on Masvingo, there is a need to explore t...
The industrial revolution which started in Europe during the 19 th century has brought about majo... more The industrial revolution which started in Europe during the 19 th century has brought about major changes to human life. While humankind has realised major changes in terms of diet, nutrition, health and mobility, the resultant problems of waste disposal have worsened considerably owing to the emergence of products that are non- biodegradable. A good example is that of plastic waste whose proliferation has reached unprecedented levels during the last decades. Today plastic waste is posing a threat to livestock, fish and other aquatic creatures. Most urban centres in developing countries are littered with large volumes of plastic waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, it is posing a major problem to the natural environment. In some cases, livestock which consume the waste end up developing health problems which often lead to their death. On the other hand, the disposal of plastic waste into water bodies such as dams, lakes and seas have a negative impact on aquatic life. This p...
Major tourist attractions in Zimbabwe include: natural, cultural, historical, and wildlife found ... more Major tourist attractions in Zimbabwe include: natural, cultural, historical, and wildlife found in game reserves and national parks. The Victoria Falls are among the major wonders of the country with a height of 108m and a width of up to 1708m. At peak flow of the Zambezi river nearly 550 million litres of water flow into the gorge. Due to the force of the water, the spray is pushed up into the sky reaching heights of over 400m which can be viewed from a distance of 50km away and can be felt throughout the town. Lakes Tokwe-Mukosi and Mutirikwi, Hwange and Gonarezhou national parks, Nyangani, Vumba and Chimanimani mountains, Great Zimbabwe Monuments and some cities are other attractions. This paper examines tourist attractions, facilities, arrivals, occupancy, challenges and opportunities in the country. It provides a comprehensive database of information about local tourist destinations, attractions and facilities in Zimbabwe. Since there is little information on the subject of Zi...
The question of the sustainability of a mine is extremely difficult to answer, and requires subst... more The question of the sustainability of a mine is extremely difficult to answer, and requires substantive data and other issues to be put into context. This study highlights the major types of waste that are accumulating in a mine both surface and underground. The study also reveals what has been done by Renco Mine in dealing with waste associated with the mining of gold. It shows that little has been done in the reduction of waste generated by mining activities. The issue of waste management is correctly perceived to be a major issue for municipal councils and the manufacturing, construction and chemicals industries. There is less recognition, however, of the vastly larger quantity of solid wastes produced by the mining industry. The reasons for this are most likely due to the perceived relatively benign nature of mine wastes, remoteness from populations, apparent success in mine waste management, or other factors. Waste rock is generally the only waste type which could pose a signif...
Poor waste management has been one of the greatest challenges in most developing countries. Towns... more Poor waste management has been one of the greatest challenges in most developing countries. Towns and cities in developing countries have experienced population explosions due to natural increase and rural-urban migration. Urbanization and modernization have also led to the increase of the amount and complexity of the waste being generated. Local authorities responsible for proper waste management are faced by various problems which include financial constraints, absence of the required professional personnel as well as poor public awareness on the dangers of poor waste management and the absence of properly engineered landfills. In the current study, waste management in Chiredzi was researched. A mixed methods research approach was used in the study, selected wards were used as representatives of the town in responding to questionnaires, and the relevant local authorities were interviewed. Chiredzi just like most towns in developing countries has poor waste management practices. Th...
The growth pole theory originates from Francois Perroux, a French economist who visualized growth... more The growth pole theory originates from Francois Perroux, a French economist who visualized growth poles in economic space (Perroux, 1955). As such, his theory had nothing to do with physical or geographical space (Glasson, 1978). In fact, Perroux was mainly concerned with interactions among industrial sectors rather than spatial development processes (Hansen, 1981). However, geographers and planners adopted his theory for planning purposes. In this way, they developed the growth center theory. Some of the proponents of this theory were Boudeville, Friedmann, Myrdal and Hirschman. The growth center theory was first applied in European countries such as Britain, France and Italy in order to address the problems of economically depressed regions. Later on the strategy was adopted in developing nations of Latin America, Asia and Africa. In colonial Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), it was adopted in 1969 with the aim of decongesting major urban centers such as Salisbury (Harare), Bulawayo, Gwelo...
One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its r... more One of the main challenges of the Third World City is that of providing adequate shelter to its residents. In many developing countries, millions of people live in squalid conditions, shacks, squatter settlements, backyard shanties and substandard housing. This situation reflects the mismatch between housing demand and supply in these cities. Although various strategies have been applied to address the problem, they have yielded little or no success in alleviating the problem especially among the poor. This paper examines the problem of housing in the city of Mutare, one of Zimbabwe’s major urban centres. Taking an historical perspective, the paper shows that the solution to the problem of urban shelter has been, and continues to be a daunting task more than two decades after Zimbabwe’s independence from Britain in 1980. This scenario prevails in spite of the numerous strategies that have been employed over the years to address the problem.
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Papers by Jemitias Mapira