Le déclin dé la mortalité a été beaucoup moins marqué en Tchécoslovaquie que dans l'ensemble ... more Le déclin dé la mortalité a été beaucoup moins marqué en Tchécoslovaquie que dans l'ensemble des pays européens depuis le début des années 60. Les niveaux de la mortalité infantile et de la mortalité des plus de 40 ans demeurent en particulier très élevés. Les différences régionales sont complexes. La répartition de la mortalité infantile est par exemple presque inverse de celle de la mortalité au delà de 60 ans. Les facteurs sociaux se révèlent jusqu'à présent déterminants dans l'explication des divergences.
In the Czech Republic there have been recorded diametrical trends of life expectancy at birth. Wh... more In the Czech Republic there have been recorded diametrical trends of life expectancy at birth. While after World War II it was characterized by mortality decrease, from the mid-1960s it was deteriorated and at the beginning of the 1990s up to the present it appeared a new decline in mortality. Although the communist regime provided free health care to everybody and salaries were equalized, the differences in the lenght of life according to the educational attainment are obvious at all generations1123213
Workshop on Lowest Low fertility, MPIDR, Rostock, 1999
Trends and structures in family behavior of Europe From lhe perspective of reproduction. Europe i... more Trends and structures in family behavior of Europe From lhe perspective of reproduction. Europe is currently divided according to timing (mean age at first childbirth), irrespective of" the number of children (figure 2). Eastern Europe, experiencing the low age at first childbearing. ...
Background Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in severa... more Background Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in several European countries, but it is unknown whether the magnitude of these inequalities differs between countries and whether these inequalities increase or decrease over time. Methods and Findings We collected and harmonized data on mortality from four alcohol-related causes (alcoholic psychosis, dependence, and abuse; alcoholic cardiomyopathy; alcoholic liver cirrhosis; and accidental poisoning by alcohol) by age, sex, education level, and occupational class in 20 European populations from 17 different countries, both for a recent period and for previous points in time, using data from mortality registers. Mortality was age-standardized using the European Standard Population, and measures for both relative and absolute inequality between low and high socioeconomic groups (as measured by educational level and occu-pational class) were calculated. Rates of alcohol-related mortality are highe...
We evaluate the lifetime attributable risks induced by an increasing concentration of cosmic radi... more We evaluate the lifetime attributable risks induced by an increasing concentration of cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides during periods of low solar activity for the specific conditions in the Czech Republic. The concentration of cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides reaches its highest values during the solar minima when the Earth’s magnetosphere is more penetrable. The computed estimate of lifetime attributable risks from solid neoplasms (colon, lung, and stomach) induced by doses of natural background radiation is higher for the period of low activity in solar cycle No. 24 than for the forced solar activity in the previous solar cycle Nos. 19–23. We estimated the lifetime attributable risks induced by the annual dose of natural background radiation by sex for the Czech Republic and the USA. In addition, three different scenarios based on dose radiation level were explored. The cosmogenic radionuclides in our environment may thus play a greater role than in the ...
Over the last thirty years, fertility rates in the region of current EU25 have dropped and sustai... more Over the last thirty years, fertility rates in the region of current EU25 have dropped and sustained well below the replacement level of 2.1 children per women [2]. This phenomenon, never observed in the past, starts being a matter of concern in many EU countries. Some of them are already witnessing a natural population decrease (the number of deaths exceeds the number of live births) and net migration only moderates a population deficit. Until recently there has not been any historical experience of a long term decline in population numbers at country level. The emergence of below – replacement fertility in developed countries has initiated many discussions, more particularly dealing with the question how low fertility could be. The issue of critical fertility figures primarily focused on two critical thresholds regarding total fertility rate: the first limit with TFR less than 1.5 represented very low fertility category while TFR below 1.3 indicated lowest low fertility population...
During the socialist era, marriage was contracted early and became more frequent. Children were b... more During the socialist era, marriage was contracted early and became more frequent. Children were born to younger parents and at short intervals. The proportion of childless women was low, as was the percentage of extramarital births. A higher risk of death for adults and the elderly was observed particularly among men in the period 1965–1975. Slovak demographic patterns became more similar to Czech patterns.
Population ageing is the most dominant demographic challenge that the European Union is experienc... more Population ageing is the most dominant demographic challenge that the European Union is experiencing in the 21st century. This may create negative attitudes and lead to discrimination against persons of advanced age. Age-related stereotypes and prejudice can result in age discrimination, termed ageism. This research concerns the question of perceived ageism towards older people in 25 EU countries, surveyed in 2015 using the Special Eurobarometer 437. The analytical section includes descriptive findings and the results of three multi-level regression models addressing three domains (explained variables) of perceived ageism: 1) discrimination in general, 2) discrimination during economic crisis, and 3) discrimination when electing an older person as a high official. The two-level regression allowed simultaneous modelling of individual-level (gender, age, partnership status, social class, and life satisfaction) and of country-level (life expectancy at 55, perceived start of old age, an...
Le déclin dé la mortalité a été beaucoup moins marqué en Tchécoslovaquie que dans l'ensemble ... more Le déclin dé la mortalité a été beaucoup moins marqué en Tchécoslovaquie que dans l'ensemble des pays européens depuis le début des années 60. Les niveaux de la mortalité infantile et de la mortalité des plus de 40 ans demeurent en particulier très élevés. Les différences régionales sont complexes. La répartition de la mortalité infantile est par exemple presque inverse de celle de la mortalité au delà de 60 ans. Les facteurs sociaux se révèlent jusqu'à présent déterminants dans l'explication des divergences.
In the Czech Republic there have been recorded diametrical trends of life expectancy at birth. Wh... more In the Czech Republic there have been recorded diametrical trends of life expectancy at birth. While after World War II it was characterized by mortality decrease, from the mid-1960s it was deteriorated and at the beginning of the 1990s up to the present it appeared a new decline in mortality. Although the communist regime provided free health care to everybody and salaries were equalized, the differences in the lenght of life according to the educational attainment are obvious at all generations1123213
Workshop on Lowest Low fertility, MPIDR, Rostock, 1999
Trends and structures in family behavior of Europe From lhe perspective of reproduction. Europe i... more Trends and structures in family behavior of Europe From lhe perspective of reproduction. Europe is currently divided according to timing (mean age at first childbirth), irrespective of" the number of children (figure 2). Eastern Europe, experiencing the low age at first childbearing. ...
Background Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in severa... more Background Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in several European countries, but it is unknown whether the magnitude of these inequalities differs between countries and whether these inequalities increase or decrease over time. Methods and Findings We collected and harmonized data on mortality from four alcohol-related causes (alcoholic psychosis, dependence, and abuse; alcoholic cardiomyopathy; alcoholic liver cirrhosis; and accidental poisoning by alcohol) by age, sex, education level, and occupational class in 20 European populations from 17 different countries, both for a recent period and for previous points in time, using data from mortality registers. Mortality was age-standardized using the European Standard Population, and measures for both relative and absolute inequality between low and high socioeconomic groups (as measured by educational level and occu-pational class) were calculated. Rates of alcohol-related mortality are highe...
We evaluate the lifetime attributable risks induced by an increasing concentration of cosmic radi... more We evaluate the lifetime attributable risks induced by an increasing concentration of cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides during periods of low solar activity for the specific conditions in the Czech Republic. The concentration of cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides reaches its highest values during the solar minima when the Earth’s magnetosphere is more penetrable. The computed estimate of lifetime attributable risks from solid neoplasms (colon, lung, and stomach) induced by doses of natural background radiation is higher for the period of low activity in solar cycle No. 24 than for the forced solar activity in the previous solar cycle Nos. 19–23. We estimated the lifetime attributable risks induced by the annual dose of natural background radiation by sex for the Czech Republic and the USA. In addition, three different scenarios based on dose radiation level were explored. The cosmogenic radionuclides in our environment may thus play a greater role than in the ...
Over the last thirty years, fertility rates in the region of current EU25 have dropped and sustai... more Over the last thirty years, fertility rates in the region of current EU25 have dropped and sustained well below the replacement level of 2.1 children per women [2]. This phenomenon, never observed in the past, starts being a matter of concern in many EU countries. Some of them are already witnessing a natural population decrease (the number of deaths exceeds the number of live births) and net migration only moderates a population deficit. Until recently there has not been any historical experience of a long term decline in population numbers at country level. The emergence of below – replacement fertility in developed countries has initiated many discussions, more particularly dealing with the question how low fertility could be. The issue of critical fertility figures primarily focused on two critical thresholds regarding total fertility rate: the first limit with TFR less than 1.5 represented very low fertility category while TFR below 1.3 indicated lowest low fertility population...
During the socialist era, marriage was contracted early and became more frequent. Children were b... more During the socialist era, marriage was contracted early and became more frequent. Children were born to younger parents and at short intervals. The proportion of childless women was low, as was the percentage of extramarital births. A higher risk of death for adults and the elderly was observed particularly among men in the period 1965–1975. Slovak demographic patterns became more similar to Czech patterns.
Population ageing is the most dominant demographic challenge that the European Union is experienc... more Population ageing is the most dominant demographic challenge that the European Union is experiencing in the 21st century. This may create negative attitudes and lead to discrimination against persons of advanced age. Age-related stereotypes and prejudice can result in age discrimination, termed ageism. This research concerns the question of perceived ageism towards older people in 25 EU countries, surveyed in 2015 using the Special Eurobarometer 437. The analytical section includes descriptive findings and the results of three multi-level regression models addressing three domains (explained variables) of perceived ageism: 1) discrimination in general, 2) discrimination during economic crisis, and 3) discrimination when electing an older person as a high official. The two-level regression allowed simultaneous modelling of individual-level (gender, age, partnership status, social class, and life satisfaction) and of country-level (life expectancy at 55, perceived start of old age, an...
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Papers by Jitka Rychtaříková