This deliverable reports all the activities and outcomes related to specifying the requirements f... more This deliverable reports all the activities and outcomes related to specifying the requirements for the multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MA-DRL) scheme of 6G BRAINS. Several applications of DRL are identified by the partners in relation to the general 6G BRAINS use cases defined in D2.1. For each of the DRL applications, it will identify the interfaces between the network and the MA-DRL, as well as the data that need to transit between the MA-DRL scheme and the network. This report lays the ground for the developments of the RL-applications in the MA-DRL scheme.
Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral... more Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral efficiency, while accommodating a large number of users. Furthermore, it allows for 3D beamforming in order to provide more degrees of freedom and increase the number of high-throughput users. Massive MIMO is expected to provide more advantages compared to other solutions in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. This will be achieved by focusing the radiation towards the direction of the intended users, thus implementing simultaneous transmission to many users while keeping interference low. It can boost the capacity compared to a conventional antenna solution, resulting in a spectral efficiency up to 50 times greater than that provided by actual 4G technology. However, to take full advantage of this technology and to overcome the challenges of implementation in a real environment, a complicated radio system is required. The purpose of this work is to present the MIMO technology evol...
ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020
To improve data speed and reliability, hybrid wireless networks combine two different Radio Acces... more To improve data speed and reliability, hybrid wireless networks combine two different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), such as Visible Light Communications (VLC), millimetre wave (mmWave), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. The Internet of Radio Light (IoRL) is a cutting-edge system paradigm to combine three RATs for taking advantage the vast VLC and mmWave spectrum with the ubiquitous coverage of WiFi. In this respect, this work introduces a new convex optimisation-based solution method to optimise the three-dimensional (3D) Access Point Assignment (APA) problem of the IoRL system under individual user positioning, priority and minimum Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints. We use both the IoRL real-world testbed and large-scale Maltab simulations to evaluate that our solution converges in linear time, and attains higher throughput-vs-fairness trade-off than existing efforts.
A novel Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) With Index Modulation (LDM-IM) system is proposed in ... more A novel Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) With Index Modulation (LDM-IM) system is proposed in this paper. It employs the Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) technology to enhance the transmission performance of the original LDM system by transmitting extra bits through the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers indices. The proposed system is based on a two-layer, Upper Layer (UL) and Lower Layer (LL), LDM system that serves two independent data services for at least two User Equipment(s) (UE) simultaneously. Besides this, by exploiting the Index Modulation (IM), each UE can receive the extra bits by decoding the subcarriers activation patterns. To map the extra bits to the subcarriers, a simple random codebook is designed in the proposed system based on the concept of OFDM-IM. To proof the availability and reliability of the proposed system, two metrics are chosen to evaluate the system performance, the average Symbol Error Rate (SER) and the transmission rate. In ...
The 5G Architecture Working Group as part of the 5G PPP Initiative is looking at capturing novel ... more The 5G Architecture Working Group as part of the 5G PPP Initiative is looking at capturing novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture. It also targets at presenting in a harmonized way the architectural concepts developed in various projects and initiatives (not limited to 5G PPP projects only) so as to provide a consolidated view on the technical directions for the architecture design in the 5G era.<br> The first version of the white paper was released in July 2016, which captured novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture vision along with harmonized architectural concepts from 5G PPP Phase 1 projects and initiatives. Capitalizing on the architectural vision and framework set by the first version of the white paper, the Version 2.0 of the white paper was released in January 2018 and presented the latest findings and analyses of 5G PPP Phase I projects along with the concept evaluations.&l...
This deliverable reports all the activities and outcomes related to specifying the requirements f... more This deliverable reports all the activities and outcomes related to specifying the requirements for the multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MA-DRL) scheme of 6G BRAINS. Several applications of DRL are identified by the partners in relation to the general 6G BRAINS use cases defined in D2.1. For each of the DRL applications, it will identify the interfaces between the network and the MA-DRL, as well as the data that need to transit between the MA-DRL scheme and the network. This report lays the ground for the developments of the RL-applications in the MA-DRL scheme.
Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral... more Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral efficiency, while accommodating a large number of users. Furthermore, it allows for 3D beamforming in order to provide more degrees of freedom and increase the number of high-throughput users. Massive MIMO is expected to provide more advantages compared to other solutions in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. This will be achieved by focusing the radiation towards the direction of the intended users, thus implementing simultaneous transmission to many users while keeping interference low. It can boost the capacity compared to a conventional antenna solution, resulting in a spectral efficiency up to 50 times greater than that provided by actual 4G technology. However, to take full advantage of this technology and to overcome the challenges of implementation in a real environment, a complicated radio system is required. The purpose of this work is to present the MIMO technology evol...
ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020
To improve data speed and reliability, hybrid wireless networks combine two different Radio Acces... more To improve data speed and reliability, hybrid wireless networks combine two different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), such as Visible Light Communications (VLC), millimetre wave (mmWave), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. The Internet of Radio Light (IoRL) is a cutting-edge system paradigm to combine three RATs for taking advantage the vast VLC and mmWave spectrum with the ubiquitous coverage of WiFi. In this respect, this work introduces a new convex optimisation-based solution method to optimise the three-dimensional (3D) Access Point Assignment (APA) problem of the IoRL system under individual user positioning, priority and minimum Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints. We use both the IoRL real-world testbed and large-scale Maltab simulations to evaluate that our solution converges in linear time, and attains higher throughput-vs-fairness trade-off than existing efforts.
A novel Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) With Index Modulation (LDM-IM) system is proposed in ... more A novel Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) With Index Modulation (LDM-IM) system is proposed in this paper. It employs the Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) technology to enhance the transmission performance of the original LDM system by transmitting extra bits through the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers indices. The proposed system is based on a two-layer, Upper Layer (UL) and Lower Layer (LL), LDM system that serves two independent data services for at least two User Equipment(s) (UE) simultaneously. Besides this, by exploiting the Index Modulation (IM), each UE can receive the extra bits by decoding the subcarriers activation patterns. To map the extra bits to the subcarriers, a simple random codebook is designed in the proposed system based on the concept of OFDM-IM. To proof the availability and reliability of the proposed system, two metrics are chosen to evaluate the system performance, the average Symbol Error Rate (SER) and the transmission rate. In ...
The 5G Architecture Working Group as part of the 5G PPP Initiative is looking at capturing novel ... more The 5G Architecture Working Group as part of the 5G PPP Initiative is looking at capturing novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture. It also targets at presenting in a harmonized way the architectural concepts developed in various projects and initiatives (not limited to 5G PPP projects only) so as to provide a consolidated view on the technical directions for the architecture design in the 5G era.<br> The first version of the white paper was released in July 2016, which captured novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture vision along with harmonized architectural concepts from 5G PPP Phase 1 projects and initiatives. Capitalizing on the architectural vision and framework set by the first version of the white paper, the Version 2.0 of the white paper was released in January 2018 and presented the latest findings and analyses of 5G PPP Phase I projects along with the concept evaluations.&l...
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