Marine biological valuation provides a comprehensive concept for assessing the intrinsic value of... more Marine biological valuation provides a comprehensive concept for assessing the intrinsic value of subzones within a study area. This paper gives an update on the concept of marine biological valuation as described by Derous et al. (2007). This concept was based on a literature review of existing ecological valuation criteria and the consensus reached by a discussion group of experts during an international workshop in December 2004. The concept was discussed during an ENCORA-MARBEF workshop in December 2006, which resulted in the fine-tuning of the concept of marine biological valuation, especially with respect to its applicability to marine areas.
In order to develop management strategies for sustainable useand conservation in the marine envir... more In order to develop management strategies for sustainable useand conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful,but integrated ecological information is needed. Biological valuationmaps that compile and summarize all available biological andecological information for a study area, and that allocate anoverall biological value to subzones, can be used as baselinemaps for future spatial planning at sea. This paper providesa concept for marine biological valuation which is based on aliterature review of existing valuation criteria and the consensusreached by a discussion group of experts.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) offer a range of benefits for fisheries, local economies and the ma... more Marine protected areas (MPAs) offer a range of benefits for fisheries, local economies and the marine environment. They serve to prevent habitat damage, maintain biodiversity, and provide a safe haven for fish stocks to recover (Halpern 2003; Gell and Roberts 2003; Roberts et al. 2001; Ward et al. 2001 and others). MPAs, therefore, are an insurance policy for the future, both for marine life and local people. The scientific consensus is growing: setting aside some areas that are managed for conservation is critical to achieving healthy oceans and oceans-based economies. Despite this, spatial conservation tools are currently underused in marine ecosystems; less than one percent of the world’s oceans has any meaningful protection. There is still a great distance to go if we are to implement the protection needed to restore the habitats and living resources of our oceans. For these reasons, WWF-Canada is working towards establishing networks of MPAs. Networks of Protected Areas Unless ...
In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine envi... more In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful, but integrated ecological information is needed. Biological valuation maps that compile and summarize all available biological and ecological information for a study area, and that allocate an overall biological value to subzones, can be used as baseline maps for future spatial planning at sea. This paper provides a concept for marine biological valuation which is based on a literature review of existing valuation criteria and the consensus reached by a discussion group of experts.
The purpose of this Theme Section (TS) is to discuss various aspects of quality, and quality assu... more The purpose of this Theme Section (TS) is to discuss various aspects of quality, and quality assurance, in science publishing. While we will each have our own views about exactly what this means, the editorial policy statement of the Council of Science Editors uses the following adjectives in reference to the quality of a scientific journal’s content: accurate, valid, reliable, credible, authoritative, relevant to the journal’s scope and mission, readable, and comprehensible. A standard dictionary definition of quality control is: ‘...a method of establishing and maintaining a high level of quality in a product or process through careful organizing, constant checking and painstaking corrections.’ In this context, most of us would probably agree that the publisher, the editorial board, the reviewers and (not least) the authors are all involved in creating, defining, measuring and maintaining quality. Thus, we asked a cross-section of people with experience of one or more aspects of s...
Publisher Summary A mounting interest in marine population ecology and in the factors controlling... more Publisher Summary A mounting interest in marine population ecology and in the factors controlling secondary production in the sea has led to the development of a variety of approaches to the estimation of the growth and reproductive rates of planktonic organisms. This chapter presents an overview of these methods, many of which have come into use only within the past one or two decades. The chapter reviews the biochemical and radiochemical methods for the measurement of processes related to zooplankton growth and development. These methods are still regarded as largely exploratory or under development. The applications of the measurements of growth and reproduction can be grouped into five general themes, which are discussed in the chapter. Measurement or the indices of growth and reproduction (including hatching success) may prove useful for the assessment of the impact of organochemical or trace metal contaminants in coastal ecosystems. There have been persistent attempts to relate biochemical properties of zooplankton to growth or development rates. These methods should still be regarded as largely exploratory or under development.
... Order this document, ok. Titre du document / Document title. The annual cycle of biomass and ... more ... Order this document, ok. Titre du document / Document title. The annual cycle of biomass and production of tintinnine ciliates in a tropical neritic region near Kingston, Jamaica. Auteur(s) / Author(s). GILRON GL ; LYNN DH ; ROFF JC ; ... Jamaica. ; Mar del Caribe. ; Zona nerítica. ; ...
... Dale F. Webber and John C. Roff ... 2 and 3 (.), bay stations 4, 5. 6,7,8,9 and 10 (_), insho... more ... Dale F. Webber and John C. Roff ... 2 and 3 (.), bay stations 4, 5. 6,7,8,9 and 10 (_), inshore stations 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (..l) and offshore stations 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 (0). Also shown are the locations of the Great Salt Pond (GSP) Farm and Norman Manley Airport (NMI ...
Chitobiase (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) activity has been measured and partially characterized ... more Chitobiase (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) activity has been measured and partially characterized in Daphnia magna. The pH optimum is approximately 5.5, and the temperature optimum is approximately 45°dg-5° dgC, as determined from crude extract. The enzyme remains stable even after a 2-h incubation at 20° or 40°C. The Km determined for methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide is 61.5 μM and 359.6 μM, respectively. Activation energy is significantly less for lower temperatures (5°-18°C) than for higher temperatures (18°-40°C). Investigation of the effect of acclimation temperature on chitobiase activities reveals no significant differences in activities between 10° and 18°C for populations raised at different temperatures. A similar pattern in the Q10's was also observed. There was no evidence of any isozyme effect for populations raised at 6°, 10°, 18°, or 25°C Attempts to protect the enzyme with various osmotic solutions and the results of differential centrifugation suggest that at least some of the enzyme is packaged in vesicles and/or lysosomes. Maximal chitobiase activity of asynchronous populations fed ad lib. overestimates the flux of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (NAG) from the old to the new cuticle by approximately 100×. Chitobiase activity modulates significantly over the molt cycle in Daphnia, with a fivefold increase in activity 6-0 h before molt. This suggests that chitobiase activity may provide an index of molt rate in asynchronously molting populations.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1986
Trout biomass and habitat relationships in southern Ontario streams. ... Different factors must l... more Trout biomass and habitat relationships in southern Ontario streams. ... Different factors must limit trout biomass in Wyoming streams than in Ontario streams. ...
We present the most extensive study to date of globally compiled and analysed weight-specific gro... more We present the most extensive study to date of globally compiled and analysed weight-specific growth rates in marine epi-pelagic invertebrate metazoan zooplankton. Using specified selection criteria, we analyse growth rates from a variety of zooplanktonic taxa, including both holo- and mero-planktonic forms, from over 110 published studies. Nine principal taxonomic groups are considered, the copepods (number of individual data points (n) = 2,528); crustaceans other than copepods (n = 253); cnidarians (n = 77); ctenophores (n = 27); chaetognaths (n = 87); pteropods (n = 8); polychaetes (n = 12); thaliaceans (n = 88); and larvaceans (n = 91). The copepods are further examined by subdividing them into broadcasters or sac-spawning species, and as nauplii (N1-N6), copepodites (C1-C5) and adults (C6). For each taxonomic group relationships between growth, temperature and body weight are examined using a variety of methods. Weight-specific growth tends to increase with increasing temperatu...
Chesterfield Inlet NWT, a long (200 km) deep estuary, was studied in summer 1978. Its drainage ba... more Chesterfield Inlet NWT, a long (200 km) deep estuary, was studied in summer 1978. Its drainage basin (2.9 × 10 5 km 2 ) covers sparsely vegetated shield rocks of the barren grounds. Nutrient distributions generally paralleled salinity or temperature gradients. Soluble reactive phosphorus (maximum 0.6 μ g-at l –1 ) and total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen (maximum 13 μ g-at l –1 ) were positively correlated with salinity, whereas NO 3 + NO 2 and SiO 2 were not correlated to salinity. Minimum biomass (chlorophyll a = 0.3 μ g l –1 ) occurred close to the mouth of the estuary, and maximum biomass (chlorophyll a = 1.9 μ g l –1 ) was observed near the estuary head in an area of higher water residence time. The ratio of total chlorophyll a to phaeopigments was high in Baker Lake, Cross Bay and Hudson Bay, indicating that these were biomass sources, and low in the estuary, indicating senescent populations. Several parameters related to mixing processes, including a longitudinal dispersion coefficient, estuarine Richardson number, and the trap volume/channel volume ratio indicated the importance of physical processes in determining the distribution of biomass in the estuary.
Marine biological valuation provides a comprehensive concept for assessing the intrinsic value of... more Marine biological valuation provides a comprehensive concept for assessing the intrinsic value of subzones within a study area. This paper gives an update on the concept of marine biological valuation as described by Derous et al. (2007). This concept was based on a literature review of existing ecological valuation criteria and the consensus reached by a discussion group of experts during an international workshop in December 2004. The concept was discussed during an ENCORA-MARBEF workshop in December 2006, which resulted in the fine-tuning of the concept of marine biological valuation, especially with respect to its applicability to marine areas.
In order to develop management strategies for sustainable useand conservation in the marine envir... more In order to develop management strategies for sustainable useand conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful,but integrated ecological information is needed. Biological valuationmaps that compile and summarize all available biological andecological information for a study area, and that allocate anoverall biological value to subzones, can be used as baselinemaps for future spatial planning at sea. This paper providesa concept for marine biological valuation which is based on aliterature review of existing valuation criteria and the consensusreached by a discussion group of experts.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) offer a range of benefits for fisheries, local economies and the ma... more Marine protected areas (MPAs) offer a range of benefits for fisheries, local economies and the marine environment. They serve to prevent habitat damage, maintain biodiversity, and provide a safe haven for fish stocks to recover (Halpern 2003; Gell and Roberts 2003; Roberts et al. 2001; Ward et al. 2001 and others). MPAs, therefore, are an insurance policy for the future, both for marine life and local people. The scientific consensus is growing: setting aside some areas that are managed for conservation is critical to achieving healthy oceans and oceans-based economies. Despite this, spatial conservation tools are currently underused in marine ecosystems; less than one percent of the world’s oceans has any meaningful protection. There is still a great distance to go if we are to implement the protection needed to restore the habitats and living resources of our oceans. For these reasons, WWF-Canada is working towards establishing networks of MPAs. Networks of Protected Areas Unless ...
In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine envi... more In order to develop management strategies for sustainable use and conservation in the marine environment, reliable and meaningful, but integrated ecological information is needed. Biological valuation maps that compile and summarize all available biological and ecological information for a study area, and that allocate an overall biological value to subzones, can be used as baseline maps for future spatial planning at sea. This paper provides a concept for marine biological valuation which is based on a literature review of existing valuation criteria and the consensus reached by a discussion group of experts.
The purpose of this Theme Section (TS) is to discuss various aspects of quality, and quality assu... more The purpose of this Theme Section (TS) is to discuss various aspects of quality, and quality assurance, in science publishing. While we will each have our own views about exactly what this means, the editorial policy statement of the Council of Science Editors uses the following adjectives in reference to the quality of a scientific journal’s content: accurate, valid, reliable, credible, authoritative, relevant to the journal’s scope and mission, readable, and comprehensible. A standard dictionary definition of quality control is: ‘...a method of establishing and maintaining a high level of quality in a product or process through careful organizing, constant checking and painstaking corrections.’ In this context, most of us would probably agree that the publisher, the editorial board, the reviewers and (not least) the authors are all involved in creating, defining, measuring and maintaining quality. Thus, we asked a cross-section of people with experience of one or more aspects of s...
Publisher Summary A mounting interest in marine population ecology and in the factors controlling... more Publisher Summary A mounting interest in marine population ecology and in the factors controlling secondary production in the sea has led to the development of a variety of approaches to the estimation of the growth and reproductive rates of planktonic organisms. This chapter presents an overview of these methods, many of which have come into use only within the past one or two decades. The chapter reviews the biochemical and radiochemical methods for the measurement of processes related to zooplankton growth and development. These methods are still regarded as largely exploratory or under development. The applications of the measurements of growth and reproduction can be grouped into five general themes, which are discussed in the chapter. Measurement or the indices of growth and reproduction (including hatching success) may prove useful for the assessment of the impact of organochemical or trace metal contaminants in coastal ecosystems. There have been persistent attempts to relate biochemical properties of zooplankton to growth or development rates. These methods should still be regarded as largely exploratory or under development.
... Order this document, ok. Titre du document / Document title. The annual cycle of biomass and ... more ... Order this document, ok. Titre du document / Document title. The annual cycle of biomass and production of tintinnine ciliates in a tropical neritic region near Kingston, Jamaica. Auteur(s) / Author(s). GILRON GL ; LYNN DH ; ROFF JC ; ... Jamaica. ; Mar del Caribe. ; Zona nerítica. ; ...
... Dale F. Webber and John C. Roff ... 2 and 3 (.), bay stations 4, 5. 6,7,8,9 and 10 (_), insho... more ... Dale F. Webber and John C. Roff ... 2 and 3 (.), bay stations 4, 5. 6,7,8,9 and 10 (_), inshore stations 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (..l) and offshore stations 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 (0). Also shown are the locations of the Great Salt Pond (GSP) Farm and Norman Manley Airport (NMI ...
Chitobiase (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) activity has been measured and partially characterized ... more Chitobiase (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) activity has been measured and partially characterized in Daphnia magna. The pH optimum is approximately 5.5, and the temperature optimum is approximately 45°dg-5° dgC, as determined from crude extract. The enzyme remains stable even after a 2-h incubation at 20° or 40°C. The Km determined for methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide is 61.5 μM and 359.6 μM, respectively. Activation energy is significantly less for lower temperatures (5°-18°C) than for higher temperatures (18°-40°C). Investigation of the effect of acclimation temperature on chitobiase activities reveals no significant differences in activities between 10° and 18°C for populations raised at different temperatures. A similar pattern in the Q10's was also observed. There was no evidence of any isozyme effect for populations raised at 6°, 10°, 18°, or 25°C Attempts to protect the enzyme with various osmotic solutions and the results of differential centrifugation suggest that at least some of the enzyme is packaged in vesicles and/or lysosomes. Maximal chitobiase activity of asynchronous populations fed ad lib. overestimates the flux of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (NAG) from the old to the new cuticle by approximately 100×. Chitobiase activity modulates significantly over the molt cycle in Daphnia, with a fivefold increase in activity 6-0 h before molt. This suggests that chitobiase activity may provide an index of molt rate in asynchronously molting populations.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1986
Trout biomass and habitat relationships in southern Ontario streams. ... Different factors must l... more Trout biomass and habitat relationships in southern Ontario streams. ... Different factors must limit trout biomass in Wyoming streams than in Ontario streams. ...
We present the most extensive study to date of globally compiled and analysed weight-specific gro... more We present the most extensive study to date of globally compiled and analysed weight-specific growth rates in marine epi-pelagic invertebrate metazoan zooplankton. Using specified selection criteria, we analyse growth rates from a variety of zooplanktonic taxa, including both holo- and mero-planktonic forms, from over 110 published studies. Nine principal taxonomic groups are considered, the copepods (number of individual data points (n) = 2,528); crustaceans other than copepods (n = 253); cnidarians (n = 77); ctenophores (n = 27); chaetognaths (n = 87); pteropods (n = 8); polychaetes (n = 12); thaliaceans (n = 88); and larvaceans (n = 91). The copepods are further examined by subdividing them into broadcasters or sac-spawning species, and as nauplii (N1-N6), copepodites (C1-C5) and adults (C6). For each taxonomic group relationships between growth, temperature and body weight are examined using a variety of methods. Weight-specific growth tends to increase with increasing temperatu...
Chesterfield Inlet NWT, a long (200 km) deep estuary, was studied in summer 1978. Its drainage ba... more Chesterfield Inlet NWT, a long (200 km) deep estuary, was studied in summer 1978. Its drainage basin (2.9 × 10 5 km 2 ) covers sparsely vegetated shield rocks of the barren grounds. Nutrient distributions generally paralleled salinity or temperature gradients. Soluble reactive phosphorus (maximum 0.6 μ g-at l –1 ) and total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen (maximum 13 μ g-at l –1 ) were positively correlated with salinity, whereas NO 3 + NO 2 and SiO 2 were not correlated to salinity. Minimum biomass (chlorophyll a = 0.3 μ g l –1 ) occurred close to the mouth of the estuary, and maximum biomass (chlorophyll a = 1.9 μ g l –1 ) was observed near the estuary head in an area of higher water residence time. The ratio of total chlorophyll a to phaeopigments was high in Baker Lake, Cross Bay and Hudson Bay, indicating that these were biomass sources, and low in the estuary, indicating senescent populations. Several parameters related to mixing processes, including a longitudinal dispersion coefficient, estuarine Richardson number, and the trap volume/channel volume ratio indicated the importance of physical processes in determining the distribution of biomass in the estuary.
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Papers by John Roff