Preface. List of Contributors. Historical Perspective. Control systems with a priori intentions r... more Preface. List of Contributors. Historical Perspective. Control systems with a priori intentions register environmental disturbances a posteriori (W.A. Hershberger). William James, chaos theory, and conscious experience (A.R. Bailey). Systems theories: their origins, foundations, and development (A. Laszlo, S. Krippner). Systems-theoretical Models of Perception. Neural networks and perception (I.E. Dror, C.S. Schreiner). Broad mindedness and perceptual flexibility: lessons from dynamic ecosystems (W.A. Johnston et al.). Sensory capture and the projection of conscious perception (T.M. Cowan et al.). Systems-theoretical Models of Perception and Action. Perceiving one's own action--and what it leads to (B. Hommel). Intentionality, perception, and autocatalytic closure: a potential means of repaying psychology's conceptual debt (J.Scott Jordan). What do event-related brain potentials tell us about the organization of action: cognitive-psychological and biological approaches (B. K...
This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examin... more This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examine the phenomenology dynamics that emerge during spontaneous interaction in a newly developed practice called banding. Specifically, participants are connected to each other via large rubber bands. An enactivist analysis of participants’ journals reveals participants undergo intense intercorporeal experiences with properties that are: disorienting; multiscale; conjure intercorporeal surprise and discovery; undergo patterns of change, in both groups and individuals; give rise to intercorporeal trust; and entail intercorporeal shifts in identity. The paper analyses how these properties might reflect the intercorporeal nature of everyday experiences.
In this chapter, the authors focus on cognitive architectures that are developed with the intent ... more In this chapter, the authors focus on cognitive architectures that are developed with the intent to explain human cognition. The authors first describe the mission of cybernetics and early cognitive architectures and recount the popular criticism that these perspectives fail to provide genuine explanations of cognition. Moving forward, the authors propose that there are three pervasive problems that modern cognitive architectures must address: the problem of consciousness, the problem of embodiment, and the problem of representation. Wild Systems Theory (Jordan, 2013) conceptualizes biological cognition as a feature of self-sustaining embodied context that manifests itself at multiple, nested, time-scales. In this manner, Wild Systems Theory is presented as a particularly useful framework for coherently addressing the problems of consciousness, embodiment, and representation.
The main question that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) pose is whether "what and how we see is func... more The main question that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) pose is whether "what and how we see is functionally independent from what and how we think, know, desire, act, and so forth" (sect. 2, para. 1). We synthesize a collection of concerns from an interdisciplinary set of coauthors regarding F&S's assumptions and appeals to intuition, resulting in their treatment of visual perception as context-free.
The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM; Roediger & McDermott, 1995 ) paradigm reliably elicits false m... more The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM; Roediger & McDermott, 1995 ) paradigm reliably elicits false memories for critical nonpresented words in recognition tasks. The present studies used a Sternberg (1966) task with DRM lists to determine whether false memories occur in short-term memory tasks and to assess the contribution of latency data in the measurement of false memories. Subjects studied three, five, or seven items from DRM lists and responded to a single probe (studied or nonstudied). In both experiments, critical lures were falsely recognized more often than nonpresented weak associates. Latency data indicated that correct rejections of critical lures were slower than correct rejections of weakly related items at all set sizes. False alarms to critical lures were slower than hits to list items. Latency data can distinguish veridical and false memories in a short-term memory task. Results are discussed in terms of activation-monitoring models of false memory.
Most contemporary cognitive scientists harbor a commitment to either director indirect-realism. C... more Most contemporary cognitive scientists harbor a commitment to either director indirect-realism. Common to both is a correspondence approach to reality and truth that asserts the following: (1) the important thing about reality is its independence of observers, and (2) science is a method that allows one to overcome subjectivity and, as a result, reveal reality’s observer-independent, ‘real,’ intrinsic properties. The present paper proposes that such a correspondence approach to truth and reality is ultimately insufficient. This is because defining reality in terms of observer-independence ultimately privileges human epistemology, and science, and detracts our attention from the more fundamental question of whether or not any phenomenon can exist in a context-independent fashion, as opposed to an observer independent fashion. Focusing on the notion of context independence opens the possibility of conceptualizing organisms as self-sustaining embodiments of context. Doing so, in turn, leads one to a coherence approach to reality and truth—the approach that was popular among idealist and continental philosophers. The present paper fleshes out the differences between coherence and correspondence driven approaches to reality and truth, propose an explanation of why cognitive science came to favor correspondence approaches, describes problems that have arisen in cognitive science because of its commitment to correspondence theorizing, and proposes an alternative framework (i.e., Wild Systems theory—WST) that is inspired by a coherence approach to reality and truth, yet is entirely consistent with science.
chapter 1 Maximizing Consciousness Across the Disciplines: Mechanisms of Information Growth in Ge... more chapter 1 Maximizing Consciousness Across the Disciplines: Mechanisms of Information Growth in General Education chapter 2 Modern Philosophical Culture, Education and the Fragmentation of Consciousness: Giambattista Vico and the Road Not Taken chapter 3 The Strange Attraction of Sciousness: William James on Consciousness chapter 4 Recasting Dewey's Critique of the Reflex-arc Concept via a Theory of Anticipatory Consciousness: Implications for Theories of Perception chapter 5 Perceiving and Measuring of Spatiotemporal Events chapter 6 A Physiologically Based System Theory of Consciousness chapter 7 Common Unconscious Dynamics Underlie Uncommon Conscious Effects: A Case Study in the Iterative Nature of Perception and Creation chapter 8 Is the Dialogue over the Nature of Consciousness Limited by Its Own Terms? chapter 9 One Model, Diverse Manifestations: A Paradigm of Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Art chapter 10 Consciousness, Communities and the Brain: Toward an Ontology of B...
Preface. List of Contributors. Historical Perspective. Control systems with a priori intentions r... more Preface. List of Contributors. Historical Perspective. Control systems with a priori intentions register environmental disturbances a posteriori (W.A. Hershberger). William James, chaos theory, and conscious experience (A.R. Bailey). Systems theories: their origins, foundations, and development (A. Laszlo, S. Krippner). Systems-theoretical Models of Perception. Neural networks and perception (I.E. Dror, C.S. Schreiner). Broad mindedness and perceptual flexibility: lessons from dynamic ecosystems (W.A. Johnston et al.). Sensory capture and the projection of conscious perception (T.M. Cowan et al.). Systems-theoretical Models of Perception and Action. Perceiving one's own action--and what it leads to (B. Hommel). Intentionality, perception, and autocatalytic closure: a potential means of repaying psychology's conceptual debt (J.Scott Jordan). What do event-related brain potentials tell us about the organization of action: cognitive-psychological and biological approaches (B. K...
This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examin... more This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examine the phenomenology dynamics that emerge during spontaneous interaction in a newly developed practice called banding. Specifically, participants are connected to each other via large rubber bands. An enactivist analysis of participants’ journals reveals participants undergo intense intercorporeal experiences with properties that are: disorienting; multiscale; conjure intercorporeal surprise and discovery; undergo patterns of change, in both groups and individuals; give rise to intercorporeal trust; and entail intercorporeal shifts in identity. The paper analyses how these properties might reflect the intercorporeal nature of everyday experiences.
In this chapter, the authors focus on cognitive architectures that are developed with the intent ... more In this chapter, the authors focus on cognitive architectures that are developed with the intent to explain human cognition. The authors first describe the mission of cybernetics and early cognitive architectures and recount the popular criticism that these perspectives fail to provide genuine explanations of cognition. Moving forward, the authors propose that there are three pervasive problems that modern cognitive architectures must address: the problem of consciousness, the problem of embodiment, and the problem of representation. Wild Systems Theory (Jordan, 2013) conceptualizes biological cognition as a feature of self-sustaining embodied context that manifests itself at multiple, nested, time-scales. In this manner, Wild Systems Theory is presented as a particularly useful framework for coherently addressing the problems of consciousness, embodiment, and representation.
The main question that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) pose is whether "what and how we see is func... more The main question that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) pose is whether "what and how we see is functionally independent from what and how we think, know, desire, act, and so forth" (sect. 2, para. 1). We synthesize a collection of concerns from an interdisciplinary set of coauthors regarding F&S's assumptions and appeals to intuition, resulting in their treatment of visual perception as context-free.
The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM; Roediger & McDermott, 1995 ) paradigm reliably elicits false m... more The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM; Roediger & McDermott, 1995 ) paradigm reliably elicits false memories for critical nonpresented words in recognition tasks. The present studies used a Sternberg (1966) task with DRM lists to determine whether false memories occur in short-term memory tasks and to assess the contribution of latency data in the measurement of false memories. Subjects studied three, five, or seven items from DRM lists and responded to a single probe (studied or nonstudied). In both experiments, critical lures were falsely recognized more often than nonpresented weak associates. Latency data indicated that correct rejections of critical lures were slower than correct rejections of weakly related items at all set sizes. False alarms to critical lures were slower than hits to list items. Latency data can distinguish veridical and false memories in a short-term memory task. Results are discussed in terms of activation-monitoring models of false memory.
Most contemporary cognitive scientists harbor a commitment to either director indirect-realism. C... more Most contemporary cognitive scientists harbor a commitment to either director indirect-realism. Common to both is a correspondence approach to reality and truth that asserts the following: (1) the important thing about reality is its independence of observers, and (2) science is a method that allows one to overcome subjectivity and, as a result, reveal reality’s observer-independent, ‘real,’ intrinsic properties. The present paper proposes that such a correspondence approach to truth and reality is ultimately insufficient. This is because defining reality in terms of observer-independence ultimately privileges human epistemology, and science, and detracts our attention from the more fundamental question of whether or not any phenomenon can exist in a context-independent fashion, as opposed to an observer independent fashion. Focusing on the notion of context independence opens the possibility of conceptualizing organisms as self-sustaining embodiments of context. Doing so, in turn, leads one to a coherence approach to reality and truth—the approach that was popular among idealist and continental philosophers. The present paper fleshes out the differences between coherence and correspondence driven approaches to reality and truth, propose an explanation of why cognitive science came to favor correspondence approaches, describes problems that have arisen in cognitive science because of its commitment to correspondence theorizing, and proposes an alternative framework (i.e., Wild Systems theory—WST) that is inspired by a coherence approach to reality and truth, yet is entirely consistent with science.
chapter 1 Maximizing Consciousness Across the Disciplines: Mechanisms of Information Growth in Ge... more chapter 1 Maximizing Consciousness Across the Disciplines: Mechanisms of Information Growth in General Education chapter 2 Modern Philosophical Culture, Education and the Fragmentation of Consciousness: Giambattista Vico and the Road Not Taken chapter 3 The Strange Attraction of Sciousness: William James on Consciousness chapter 4 Recasting Dewey's Critique of the Reflex-arc Concept via a Theory of Anticipatory Consciousness: Implications for Theories of Perception chapter 5 Perceiving and Measuring of Spatiotemporal Events chapter 6 A Physiologically Based System Theory of Consciousness chapter 7 Common Unconscious Dynamics Underlie Uncommon Conscious Effects: A Case Study in the Iterative Nature of Perception and Creation chapter 8 Is the Dialogue over the Nature of Consciousness Limited by Its Own Terms? chapter 9 One Model, Diverse Manifestations: A Paradigm of Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Art chapter 10 Consciousness, Communities and the Brain: Toward an Ontology of B...
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