Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological pro... more Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Hence identifying the influences of multi-faceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy-making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology, and community ecology. Our Revi...
Marine species and ecosystems are exposed to a wide range of environmental change – both detrimen... more Marine species and ecosystems are exposed to a wide range of environmental change – both detrimental (threats) and beneficial – due to human activities. Some of the changes are global, whereas others are regional or local. It is important to distinguish the scale of each threat, as the solutions will differ as they are scale dependent. For example, the mitigation of a global problem requires a global response, which is more difficult to achieve than addressing a local problem with a local response. These wide-ranging changes are often referred to drivers or stressors.
The transfer of seaweeds from subtidal bottoms to nearby intertidal rocky shores is a common but ... more The transfer of seaweeds from subtidal bottoms to nearby intertidal rocky shores is a common but often overlooked phenomenon. Freshly detached seaweeds often represent critical trophic subsidies for herbivores living in upper-shore rocky intertidal areas, such as the marine snail Diloma nigerrima. This species relies on three species of seaweeds for food and displays feeding strategies to deal with a resource that is scarce and at times unpredictable. This study focused on the nutritional quality of freshly detached algae (Durvillaea antarctica, Lessonia spicata and Lessonia trabeculata) and measured Diloma nigerrima's algal consumption rates in trials with and without choice. Absorption efficiency and growth of individual snails fed on each alga were also measured. Durvillaea antarctica had the highest nutritional quality and was the most consumed algae in both single and multiple-choice trials. Absorption efficiency was also highest for D. antarctica but growth rates of snails...
Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological pro... more Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Hence identifying the influences of multi-faceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy-making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology, and community ecology. Our Revi...
Marine species and ecosystems are exposed to a wide range of environmental change – both detrimen... more Marine species and ecosystems are exposed to a wide range of environmental change – both detrimental (threats) and beneficial – due to human activities. Some of the changes are global, whereas others are regional or local. It is important to distinguish the scale of each threat, as the solutions will differ as they are scale dependent. For example, the mitigation of a global problem requires a global response, which is more difficult to achieve than addressing a local problem with a local response. These wide-ranging changes are often referred to drivers or stressors.
The transfer of seaweeds from subtidal bottoms to nearby intertidal rocky shores is a common but ... more The transfer of seaweeds from subtidal bottoms to nearby intertidal rocky shores is a common but often overlooked phenomenon. Freshly detached seaweeds often represent critical trophic subsidies for herbivores living in upper-shore rocky intertidal areas, such as the marine snail Diloma nigerrima. This species relies on three species of seaweeds for food and displays feeding strategies to deal with a resource that is scarce and at times unpredictable. This study focused on the nutritional quality of freshly detached algae (Durvillaea antarctica, Lessonia spicata and Lessonia trabeculata) and measured Diloma nigerrima's algal consumption rates in trials with and without choice. Absorption efficiency and growth of individual snails fed on each alga were also measured. Durvillaea antarctica had the highest nutritional quality and was the most consumed algae in both single and multiple-choice trials. Absorption efficiency was also highest for D. antarctica but growth rates of snails...
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