Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and di... more Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and display glass transition temperatures as low as −13 °C. Diethyleneglycol‐functionalized protic cations inhibit lignin aggregation to produce a free‐flowing “ionic liquid lignin”, despite it being a high‐molecular‐weight polyelectrolyte. Through this approach, the properties of both lignin and ionic liquids are combined to create a dispersant and binder for cellulose+gluten mixtures to produce small microphases. Biocomposite testing pieces are produced by hot‐pressing this mixture, yielding a material with fewer defects and improved toughness in comparison to other lignins. The use of unmodified lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, or free ionic liquid for similar materials production yields poorer substances because of their inability to maximize interfacial contact and complexation with cellulose and proteins.
Antimony and tin are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoret... more Antimony and tin are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical sodium storage capacities. However, significant volume change during cycling limits their long‐term stability and rate performance. Composite engineering can minimize this problem. A versatile method for the synthesis of Sb nanoparticles inside the mesopores of carbon fibers prepared through electrospinning and subsequent carbothermal reduction is presented in this work. The mesopore architecture can host up to 61 wt% of Sb nanoparticles and buffer the volume changes during cycling. Smaller pores in the carbon provide the pathways for reversible insertion/extraction of sodium. This binder‐free material provides high rate capability and a long‐term cycling performance when used as an anode in half‐cells. When cycled at 0.5 A g−1, the composite shows an initial capacity of 520 mA h g−1 with 507 mA h g−1 remaining after 500 cycles. Even at a high current density of 20 A g−1, a capacity...
Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and di... more Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and display glass transition temperatures as low as −13 °C. Diethyleneglycol‐functionalized protic cations inhibit lignin aggregation to produce a free‐flowing “ionic liquid lignin”, despite it being a high‐molecular‐weight polyelectrolyte. Through this approach, the properties of both lignin and ionic liquids are combined to create a dispersant and binder for cellulose+gluten mixtures to produce small microphases. Biocomposite testing pieces are produced by hot‐pressing this mixture, yielding a material with fewer defects and improved toughness in comparison to other lignins. The use of unmodified lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, or free ionic liquid for similar materials production yields poorer substances because of their inability to maximize interfacial contact and complexation with cellulose and proteins.
Future optimized lithium‐sulfur batteries may promise higher energy densities than the current st... more Future optimized lithium‐sulfur batteries may promise higher energy densities than the current standard. However, there are many barriers which hinder their commercialization. In this review we describe how ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers are utilized in different components of the battery to address some of these issues. For example, IL‐based electrolytes have the potential to reduce the solubility of polysulfides compared to conventional organic electrolytes. Polymerizing ILs directly on the surface of the Li‐metal anode is suggested as an approach to protect the surface of this electrode. Finally, using poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) as binders for the cathode active material may increase the performance of the cathode as compared to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) and could inhibit swelling‐induced degradation. These results demonstrate the advantages of ILs and their polymers for improving the performance of Li−S batteries.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 15, 2013
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs.... more Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs. One barrier to their wide application is their liquid nature. We report on a new method to solidify SMEDDS-their incorporation in sponges made from a hydrophilic natural polymer. Using different freeze-drying schemes, sponges were prepared from alginate gels containing microemulsions. The sponges' structures were studied with scanning electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. The oil droplets survived the drying process, and SMEDDS were present as 9 nm-sized objects in the dried sponges. The sponges were rehydrated in water, and evidence of the presence of SMEDDS in the rehydrated sponges was found. A model hydrophobic molecule, Nile red, was soluble in all dry and rehydrated sponges. SMEDDS containing Nile red were gradually released from the sponges, at a rate that depended on the drying method. The equilibrium water uptake of the sponges was also found to be influence...
Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and di... more Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and display glass transition temperatures as low as −13 °C. Diethyleneglycol‐functionalized protic cations inhibit lignin aggregation to produce a free‐flowing “ionic liquid lignin”, despite it being a high‐molecular‐weight polyelectrolyte. Through this approach, the properties of both lignin and ionic liquids are combined to create a dispersant and binder for cellulose+gluten mixtures to produce small microphases. Biocomposite testing pieces are produced by hot‐pressing this mixture, yielding a material with fewer defects and improved toughness in comparison to other lignins. The use of unmodified lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, or free ionic liquid for similar materials production yields poorer substances because of their inability to maximize interfacial contact and complexation with cellulose and proteins.
Antimony and tin are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoret... more Antimony and tin are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical sodium storage capacities. However, significant volume change during cycling limits their long‐term stability and rate performance. Composite engineering can minimize this problem. A versatile method for the synthesis of Sb nanoparticles inside the mesopores of carbon fibers prepared through electrospinning and subsequent carbothermal reduction is presented in this work. The mesopore architecture can host up to 61 wt% of Sb nanoparticles and buffer the volume changes during cycling. Smaller pores in the carbon provide the pathways for reversible insertion/extraction of sodium. This binder‐free material provides high rate capability and a long‐term cycling performance when used as an anode in half‐cells. When cycled at 0.5 A g−1, the composite shows an initial capacity of 520 mA h g−1 with 507 mA h g−1 remaining after 500 cycles. Even at a high current density of 20 A g−1, a capacity...
Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and di... more Ionic liquid lignins are prepared from sodium lignosulfonate by a cation exchange reaction and display glass transition temperatures as low as −13 °C. Diethyleneglycol‐functionalized protic cations inhibit lignin aggregation to produce a free‐flowing “ionic liquid lignin”, despite it being a high‐molecular‐weight polyelectrolyte. Through this approach, the properties of both lignin and ionic liquids are combined to create a dispersant and binder for cellulose+gluten mixtures to produce small microphases. Biocomposite testing pieces are produced by hot‐pressing this mixture, yielding a material with fewer defects and improved toughness in comparison to other lignins. The use of unmodified lignosulfonate, acetylated lignosulfonate, or free ionic liquid for similar materials production yields poorer substances because of their inability to maximize interfacial contact and complexation with cellulose and proteins.
Future optimized lithium‐sulfur batteries may promise higher energy densities than the current st... more Future optimized lithium‐sulfur batteries may promise higher energy densities than the current standard. However, there are many barriers which hinder their commercialization. In this review we describe how ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers are utilized in different components of the battery to address some of these issues. For example, IL‐based electrolytes have the potential to reduce the solubility of polysulfides compared to conventional organic electrolytes. Polymerizing ILs directly on the surface of the Li‐metal anode is suggested as an approach to protect the surface of this electrode. Finally, using poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) as binders for the cathode active material may increase the performance of the cathode as compared to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) and could inhibit swelling‐induced degradation. These results demonstrate the advantages of ILs and their polymers for improving the performance of Li−S batteries.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 15, 2013
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs.... more Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs. One barrier to their wide application is their liquid nature. We report on a new method to solidify SMEDDS-their incorporation in sponges made from a hydrophilic natural polymer. Using different freeze-drying schemes, sponges were prepared from alginate gels containing microemulsions. The sponges' structures were studied with scanning electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. The oil droplets survived the drying process, and SMEDDS were present as 9 nm-sized objects in the dried sponges. The sponges were rehydrated in water, and evidence of the presence of SMEDDS in the rehydrated sponges was found. A model hydrophobic molecule, Nile red, was soluble in all dry and rehydrated sponges. SMEDDS containing Nile red were gradually released from the sponges, at a rate that depended on the drying method. The equilibrium water uptake of the sponges was also found to be influence...
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