Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception. Le Zimbabwe ne figure pas beaucoup dans le debat actuel sur la transition de la fecondite en Afrique...
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception. Le Zimbabwe ne figure pas beaucoup dans le debat actuel sur la transition de la fecondite en Afrique...
This study describes levels and trends in infant and childhood mortality in Zimbabwe over the pas... more This study describes levels and trends in infant and childhood mortality in Zimbabwe over the past 50 years with emphasis on the past fifteen years. The most important data source consisted of four Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) surveys conducted in Zimbabwe between 1988 and 2005-06. Under-five mortality increased between 1990-1994 and 1995-1999 (from 77 per 1,000 live births to 102) and declined from 1995-1999 to 2001-2005 (from 102 to 82). The decline in this last period, as derived from Zimbabwe DHS 2005-06, was unexpected and probably not genuine. A great deal of evidence is presented to support the view that this decline in mortality probably did not take place. It is much more likely that both infant and under-five mortality increased in the period between 1995-1999 and 2001-2005. Using various procedures, this study estimates that the under-five mortality rate would actually be about 110 per 1,000 live births in 2001-2005 instead of 82 as observed in the Zimbabwe DHS 20...
In the open distance learning (ODL) sphere there are invariably incremental student support costs... more In the open distance learning (ODL) sphere there are invariably incremental student support costs that largely remain unaccounted for and might not be readily apparent. From an educational perspective this raises serious concerns given that effective on and off-line student support could potentially reduce the intrinsic cost of studying at ODL institutions. Typical hidden student support service costs in ODL are rooted in areas such as information technology, registration, contact centre, lecturing and tutoring and human resources/administration support. The relevance of these hidden costs becomes pertinent when comparing the contribution of student support from a geographic perspective. Students from remote areas seemingly seek higher levels of support and assumingly cause higher hidden student support costs to educational institutions. Against this background, this article does not intend to provide actual costing, but rather provides an early exposition of relevant cost drivers that impact on student retention, throughput and success in ODL.
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception.
OBJECTIVES. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted ... more OBJECTIVES. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease seroprevalence rate for male prostitutes, identifies the risk factors for HIV, and provides baseline information for the development and implementation of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. METHODS. Structured interviews were conducted with and blood samples were collected from 235 actively working male prostitutes in Atlanta, Georgia, from July 1988 through July 1991. RESULTS. The HIV seroprevalence was 29.4%; 25.1% of the sample had seromarker for syphilis and 58.3% for hepatitis B. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the following significant HIV risk factors: history of receptive anal sex with nonpaying partners, serologic history of hepatitis B or syphilis, and history of childhood physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS. The reported seroprevalence rates among these male prostitutes indicate they are a high-risk group. The striking difference in HIV seropr...
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception. Le Zimbabwe ne figure pas beaucoup dans le debat actuel sur la transition de la fecondite en Afrique...
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception. Le Zimbabwe ne figure pas beaucoup dans le debat actuel sur la transition de la fecondite en Afrique...
This study describes levels and trends in infant and childhood mortality in Zimbabwe over the pas... more This study describes levels and trends in infant and childhood mortality in Zimbabwe over the past 50 years with emphasis on the past fifteen years. The most important data source consisted of four Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) surveys conducted in Zimbabwe between 1988 and 2005-06. Under-five mortality increased between 1990-1994 and 1995-1999 (from 77 per 1,000 live births to 102) and declined from 1995-1999 to 2001-2005 (from 102 to 82). The decline in this last period, as derived from Zimbabwe DHS 2005-06, was unexpected and probably not genuine. A great deal of evidence is presented to support the view that this decline in mortality probably did not take place. It is much more likely that both infant and under-five mortality increased in the period between 1995-1999 and 2001-2005. Using various procedures, this study estimates that the under-five mortality rate would actually be about 110 per 1,000 live births in 2001-2005 instead of 82 as observed in the Zimbabwe DHS 20...
In the open distance learning (ODL) sphere there are invariably incremental student support costs... more In the open distance learning (ODL) sphere there are invariably incremental student support costs that largely remain unaccounted for and might not be readily apparent. From an educational perspective this raises serious concerns given that effective on and off-line student support could potentially reduce the intrinsic cost of studying at ODL institutions. Typical hidden student support service costs in ODL are rooted in areas such as information technology, registration, contact centre, lecturing and tutoring and human resources/administration support. The relevance of these hidden costs becomes pertinent when comparing the contribution of student support from a geographic perspective. Students from remote areas seemingly seek higher levels of support and assumingly cause higher hidden student support costs to educational institutions. Against this background, this article does not intend to provide actual costing, but rather provides an early exposition of relevant cost drivers that impact on student retention, throughput and success in ODL.
Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Afric... more Zimbabwe does not feature much on the current debate of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This article is trying to fill this gap by analysing the ZDHS data. The total fertility rate of Zimbabwe was close to 7 births during independence in 1980. However, it has declined to 3.8 in 2006. This does not only show that fertility in Zimbabwe has been declining over the years, but it is one of the lowest in the region. The fertility trend observed is mainly explained by use of contraception. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 60 percent in 2006. It is noted that the contraceptive uptake has continued to increase even during the years when Zimbabwe was going through serious political, economic, social and health challenges. This is because the groundwork done on the family planning programme soon after independence put a solid foundation in motivating women to use contraception.
OBJECTIVES. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted ... more OBJECTIVES. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease seroprevalence rate for male prostitutes, identifies the risk factors for HIV, and provides baseline information for the development and implementation of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. METHODS. Structured interviews were conducted with and blood samples were collected from 235 actively working male prostitutes in Atlanta, Georgia, from July 1988 through July 1991. RESULTS. The HIV seroprevalence was 29.4%; 25.1% of the sample had seromarker for syphilis and 58.3% for hepatitis B. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the following significant HIV risk factors: history of receptive anal sex with nonpaying partners, serologic history of hepatitis B or syphilis, and history of childhood physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS. The reported seroprevalence rates among these male prostitutes indicate they are a high-risk group. The striking difference in HIV seropr...
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