An airfreight container equipped with automated analysers was deployed onboard of a passenger Boe... more An airfreight container equipped with automated analysers was deployed onboard of a passenger Boeing 767 ER of LTU International Airways during regular long-distance flights. From November 1997 to the decommissioning of the aircraft in May 2002, 86 flights were carried out on routes to Southern India, the Caribbean, and Southern Africa providing data on distribution of O3, CO, aerosols (nuclei
Studies of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols require knowledge of the number and properti... more Studies of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols require knowledge of the number and properties of the emitted primary aerosol particles. Previous measurements, often limited by instrumental techniques, did not extend far into the nanometer range and considered modern sources with air pollution controls. In the summer of 1996, aerosol size distributions were measured between 3 and 700 nm particle diameter
The complexity of the atmospheric aerosol and its connection with clouds and climate are illustra... more The complexity of the atmospheric aerosol and its connection with clouds and climate are illustrated with a host of examples against the background of our present limited state of understanding. A discussion of related feedbacks demonstrates the difficulties of resolving all respective research issues. The key role of aerosols and clouds in anthropogenic climate change make the high uncertainties related to them ever more painful. Nevertheless, there are suggestions to manipulate aerosols and clouds by climate engineering to counteract global warming. Before considering such remedies the aerosol-cloud-climate conundrum needs to be reduced to a level of uncertainty that is comparable to those related to anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Considering the complexity of the aerosol/ cloud system the challenge will be to identify the necessary essential knowledge and differentiate that from marginal details and focus research efforts on these essentials in order to simplify the complex aerosol-cloud system without loosing indispensable features.
Tellus Series B Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 1996
Results from the continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide performed at Ny-Ålesund, S... more Results from the continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide performed at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen are presented. The results are discussed with an emphasis on day-today variations during spring and early summer. During all years studied, significant negative anomalies ("dips"), lasting for several days, have been observed in the data from late May through July. The timing coincides with a draw down of dissolved carbon dioxide and nutrients in the surface waters of the North Atlantic observed by others. By using 3-dimensional trajectories, we follow the history of the air arriving in Ny-Ålesund, and show that the air, depleted in CO2, had been in contact with these waters. Combining the trajectories with a box model yields a simple Lagrangian model, and we demonstrate that the timing and magnitude of the dips are consistent with the degree of CO2 saturation of the sea during April to mid-June. In late June and July, the model indicates that a significant portion of the dips must have other causes, e.g., CO2 uptake in the terrestrial biosphere further south.
An airfreight container equipped with automated analysers was deployed onboard of a passenger Boe... more An airfreight container equipped with automated analysers was deployed onboard of a passenger Boeing 767 ER of LTU International Airways during regular long-distance flights. From November 1997 to the decommissioning of the aircraft in May 2002, 86 flights were carried out on routes to Southern India, the Caribbean, and Southern Africa providing data on distribution of O3, CO, aerosols (nuclei
Studies of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols require knowledge of the number and properti... more Studies of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols require knowledge of the number and properties of the emitted primary aerosol particles. Previous measurements, often limited by instrumental techniques, did not extend far into the nanometer range and considered modern sources with air pollution controls. In the summer of 1996, aerosol size distributions were measured between 3 and 700 nm particle diameter
The complexity of the atmospheric aerosol and its connection with clouds and climate are illustra... more The complexity of the atmospheric aerosol and its connection with clouds and climate are illustrated with a host of examples against the background of our present limited state of understanding. A discussion of related feedbacks demonstrates the difficulties of resolving all respective research issues. The key role of aerosols and clouds in anthropogenic climate change make the high uncertainties related to them ever more painful. Nevertheless, there are suggestions to manipulate aerosols and clouds by climate engineering to counteract global warming. Before considering such remedies the aerosol-cloud-climate conundrum needs to be reduced to a level of uncertainty that is comparable to those related to anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Considering the complexity of the aerosol/ cloud system the challenge will be to identify the necessary essential knowledge and differentiate that from marginal details and focus research efforts on these essentials in order to simplify the complex aerosol-cloud system without loosing indispensable features.
Tellus Series B Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 1996
Results from the continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide performed at Ny-Ålesund, S... more Results from the continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide performed at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen are presented. The results are discussed with an emphasis on day-today variations during spring and early summer. During all years studied, significant negative anomalies ("dips"), lasting for several days, have been observed in the data from late May through July. The timing coincides with a draw down of dissolved carbon dioxide and nutrients in the surface waters of the North Atlantic observed by others. By using 3-dimensional trajectories, we follow the history of the air arriving in Ny-Ålesund, and show that the air, depleted in CO2, had been in contact with these waters. Combining the trajectories with a box model yields a simple Lagrangian model, and we demonstrate that the timing and magnitude of the dips are consistent with the degree of CO2 saturation of the sea during April to mid-June. In late June and July, the model indicates that a significant portion of the dips must have other causes, e.g., CO2 uptake in the terrestrial biosphere further south.
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Papers by Jost Heintzenberg