Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vi... more Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vital in several physiological processes such as lactation, pregnancy, cell growth, and differentiation. However, PRL is nowadays known to have a strong implication in oncogenic processes, making it essential to delve into the mechanisms governing these actions. PRL and its receptor (PRLR) activate a series of effects such as survival, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment, being highly relevant in developing certain types of cancer. Because women produce high levels of PRL, its influence in gynecological cancers is herein reviewed. It is interesting that, other than the 23 kDa PRL, whose mechanism of action is endocrine, other variants of PRL have been observed to be produced by tumoral tissue, acting in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Because many components, including PRL, surround the microenvironment, it is interesting to understand the hor...
This article is a theoretical review essay, which aims to present the events that are considered ... more This article is a theoretical review essay, which aims to present the events that are considered most relevant in the development and consolidation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and which in turn have positioned it as a therapy of choice for Different psychological problems. A review was carried out with two of the most accessible digital search engines for undergraduate students, using search keywords according to the objective of this article. Identifying that cognitive-behavioral therapy is understood as the application of scientific psychology to clinical practice in a systematic and structured way. This model based on behavior modification because of its solid theoretical and experimental basis, which emphasizes the empirical verification of the techniques during its application. What makes CBT an effective, efficient, and timely clinical practice, improving the quality of life of users and positioning themselves in front of other psychological models in terms of efficacy.
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue conocer las indicaciones más frecuentes de ... more El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue conocer las indicaciones más frecuentes de sedación paliativa en pacientes -hombres y mujeres- que estuvieron ingresados en una unidad de cuidados paliativos, así como los diagnósticos oncológicos, el tipo de sedación y las dosis administradas, y determinar si se logró un adecuado control de los síntomas. Esto es relevante debido a que no se cuenta con datos nacionales referentes a esta terapéutica. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva, con diseño retrospectivo en la cual se realizó una revisión de expedientes de los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de cuidados paliativos Divina Providencia de El Salvador, en el periodo de noviembre de 2014 a abril de 2015. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilista por conveniencia de 49 pacientes. Según los datos obtenidos, se observó que el 30% de los pacientes necesitaron sedación paliativa sin diferencia de género; además se estableció que el 69.4% de los pacientes se encontraban entre...
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Ascites can b... more Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Ascites can be found in all clinical stages, however in advanced disease stages IIIC and IV it is more frequent and could be massive, associated with worse prognosis. Due to the above, it was our interest to understanding how the ascites of ovarian cancer patients induces the mechanisms by which the cells present in it acquire a more aggressive phenotype and to know new proteins associated to this process. A proteomic analysis of SKOV-3 cells treated with five different EOC ascites was performed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF. The level of expression of the proteins of interest was validated by RT-PCR because several of these proteins have only been reported at the messenger level. Among the proteins identified that increased their expression in ascites-treated SKOV-3 cells, were Ran GTPase, ZNF268, and Synaptotagmin like-3. On the other hand, proteins that were negatively re...
Cell type-specific targeting ligands utilized in drug delivery applications typically recognize r... more Cell type-specific targeting ligands utilized in drug delivery applications typically recognize receptors that are overexpressed on the cells of interest. Nonetheless, these receptors may also be expressed, to varying extents, on off-target cells, contributing to unintended side effects. For the selectivity profile of targeting ligands in cancer therapy to be improved, stimuli-responsive masking of these ligands with acid-, redox-, or enzyme-cleavable molecules has been reported, whereby the targeting ligands are exposed in specific environments, e.g., acidic tumor hypoxia. One possible drawback of these systems lies in their one-time, permanent trigger, which enables the "demasked" ligands to bind off-target cells if released back into the systemic circulation. A promising strategy to address the aforementioned problem is to design ligands that show selective binding based on ionization state, which may be microenvironment-dependent. In this study, we report a systematic ...
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Integrins, overexpressed in ... more Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Integrins, overexpressed in cancer, are involved in various processes that favor the development of the disease. This study focused on determining the degree of involvement of α5, α6 and β3 integrin subunits in the establishment/development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and response to carboplatin. The translation of the α5, α6 and β3 integrins was blocked using morpholines, generating morphant cells for these proteins, which were corroborated by immunofluorescence assays. WST-1 proliferation assay showed that silencing of α5, α6, and β3 integrins does not affect the survival of morphants. Wound healing and transwell chamber assays showed that blocking α5 and α6 integrins decrease, in lesser and greater level respectively, the migratory and the invasive capacity of SKOV-3 cells. Finally, blocking α5 and α6 integrins partially sensitized the cells response to carboplatin, while blocking integrin β3 generated resistance to this drug. Statistical analyses were performed with the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software employing one way and two-way ANOVA tests; data are shown as average ± SD. Results suggest that α5 and α6 integrins could become good candidates for chemotherapy targets in EOC.
... 3 EL MERCADO DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... 28 3-1 LAS DIVISAS COMO ACTIVO FINANCIERO ..... 28... more ... 3 EL MERCADO DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... 28 3-1 LAS DIVISAS COMO ACTIVO FINANCIERO ..... 28 3-2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS FLUJOS DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA . DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... ...
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vi... more Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vital in several physiological processes such as lactation, pregnancy, cell growth, and differentiation. However, PRL is nowadays known to have a strong implication in oncogenic processes, making it essential to delve into the mechanisms governing these actions. PRL and its receptor (PRLR) activate a series of effects such as survival, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment, being highly relevant in developing certain types of cancer. Because women produce high levels of PRL, its influence in gynecological cancers is herein reviewed. It is interesting that, other than the 23 kDa PRL, whose mechanism of action is endocrine, other variants of PRL have been observed to be produced by tumoral tissue, acting in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Because many components, including PRL, surround the microenvironment, it is interesting to understand the hor...
This article is a theoretical review essay, which aims to present the events that are considered ... more This article is a theoretical review essay, which aims to present the events that are considered most relevant in the development and consolidation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and which in turn have positioned it as a therapy of choice for Different psychological problems. A review was carried out with two of the most accessible digital search engines for undergraduate students, using search keywords according to the objective of this article. Identifying that cognitive-behavioral therapy is understood as the application of scientific psychology to clinical practice in a systematic and structured way. This model based on behavior modification because of its solid theoretical and experimental basis, which emphasizes the empirical verification of the techniques during its application. What makes CBT an effective, efficient, and timely clinical practice, improving the quality of life of users and positioning themselves in front of other psychological models in terms of efficacy.
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue conocer las indicaciones más frecuentes de ... more El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue conocer las indicaciones más frecuentes de sedación paliativa en pacientes -hombres y mujeres- que estuvieron ingresados en una unidad de cuidados paliativos, así como los diagnósticos oncológicos, el tipo de sedación y las dosis administradas, y determinar si se logró un adecuado control de los síntomas. Esto es relevante debido a que no se cuenta con datos nacionales referentes a esta terapéutica. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva, con diseño retrospectivo en la cual se realizó una revisión de expedientes de los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de cuidados paliativos Divina Providencia de El Salvador, en el periodo de noviembre de 2014 a abril de 2015. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilista por conveniencia de 49 pacientes. Según los datos obtenidos, se observó que el 30% de los pacientes necesitaron sedación paliativa sin diferencia de género; además se estableció que el 69.4% de los pacientes se encontraban entre...
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Ascites can b... more Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Ascites can be found in all clinical stages, however in advanced disease stages IIIC and IV it is more frequent and could be massive, associated with worse prognosis. Due to the above, it was our interest to understanding how the ascites of ovarian cancer patients induces the mechanisms by which the cells present in it acquire a more aggressive phenotype and to know new proteins associated to this process. A proteomic analysis of SKOV-3 cells treated with five different EOC ascites was performed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF. The level of expression of the proteins of interest was validated by RT-PCR because several of these proteins have only been reported at the messenger level. Among the proteins identified that increased their expression in ascites-treated SKOV-3 cells, were Ran GTPase, ZNF268, and Synaptotagmin like-3. On the other hand, proteins that were negatively re...
Cell type-specific targeting ligands utilized in drug delivery applications typically recognize r... more Cell type-specific targeting ligands utilized in drug delivery applications typically recognize receptors that are overexpressed on the cells of interest. Nonetheless, these receptors may also be expressed, to varying extents, on off-target cells, contributing to unintended side effects. For the selectivity profile of targeting ligands in cancer therapy to be improved, stimuli-responsive masking of these ligands with acid-, redox-, or enzyme-cleavable molecules has been reported, whereby the targeting ligands are exposed in specific environments, e.g., acidic tumor hypoxia. One possible drawback of these systems lies in their one-time, permanent trigger, which enables the "demasked" ligands to bind off-target cells if released back into the systemic circulation. A promising strategy to address the aforementioned problem is to design ligands that show selective binding based on ionization state, which may be microenvironment-dependent. In this study, we report a systematic ...
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Integrins, overexpressed in ... more Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Integrins, overexpressed in cancer, are involved in various processes that favor the development of the disease. This study focused on determining the degree of involvement of α5, α6 and β3 integrin subunits in the establishment/development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and response to carboplatin. The translation of the α5, α6 and β3 integrins was blocked using morpholines, generating morphant cells for these proteins, which were corroborated by immunofluorescence assays. WST-1 proliferation assay showed that silencing of α5, α6, and β3 integrins does not affect the survival of morphants. Wound healing and transwell chamber assays showed that blocking α5 and α6 integrins decrease, in lesser and greater level respectively, the migratory and the invasive capacity of SKOV-3 cells. Finally, blocking α5 and α6 integrins partially sensitized the cells response to carboplatin, while blocking integrin β3 generated resistance to this drug. Statistical analyses were performed with the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software employing one way and two-way ANOVA tests; data are shown as average ± SD. Results suggest that α5 and α6 integrins could become good candidates for chemotherapy targets in EOC.
... 3 EL MERCADO DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... 28 3-1 LAS DIVISAS COMO ACTIVO FINANCIERO ..... 28... more ... 3 EL MERCADO DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... 28 3-1 LAS DIVISAS COMO ACTIVO FINANCIERO ..... 28 3-2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS FLUJOS DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA . DE DIVISAS EN VENEZUELA ..... ...
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