International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against variou... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against various microbial related diseases. Trichogramma chilonis is a type of egg endoparasitoid wasp, well known as a biological control agent for pests that express various proteins to sustain and grown in host egg. In the present study, the bioinformatics analysis was attempted to identify T. chilonis transcript through sequence and phylogenetic analysis that clustered the transcript to Alo2 protein. Simultaneously the parasitoid egg homogenate was screened and subjected to antimicrobial property against pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. Further, the similarity linkage clustering was identified the knottin motif at both sequence as well as structure level for Alo2. In silico physicochemical characteristics analysis of knottin motif has revealed approximate molecular weight of 6515.76 Da, theoretical Isoelectric point (pI): 7.55 and an aliphatic index: 63.06, instability index: 32.71, and gra...
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against variou... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against various microbial related diseases. Trichogramma chilonis is a type of egg endoparasitoid wasp, well known as a biological control agent for pests that express various proteins to sustain and grown in host egg. In the present study, the bioinformatics analysis was attempted to identify T. chilonis transcript through sequence and phylogenetic analysis that clustered the transcript to Alo2 protein. Simultaneously the parasitoid egg homogenate was screened and subjected to antimicrobial property against pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. Further, the similarity linkage clustering was identified the knottin motif at both sequence as well as structure level for Alo2. In silico physicochemical characteristics analysis of knottin motif has revealed approximate molecular weight of 6515.76 Da, theoretical Isoelectric point (pI): 7.55 and an aliphatic index: 63.06, instability index: 32.71, and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY): 0.547. Based on in silico results, Alo2 protein/knottin motif, was confirmed, which present in T. chilonis and the antimicrobial screening of T. chilonis protein homogenate exhibited significance growth inhibitory activity against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal pathogens. The study results conclude that Alo2 protein resemble as an AMP that may express in the parasitoid egg as host defense protein and may involved to combat invading microbial pathogens and could regulate host defense mechanism during its development in host egg.
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an endoparasitic wasp widely used as a biological control agent of... more Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an endoparasitic wasp widely used as a biological control agent of economically important pests. However, absence of genetic information on T. chilonis hampers further research, especially at the molecular level. Here, we performed the first RNA-Seq of the adult T. chilonis. A total of 18,372,639 high-quality reads were generated using Illumina pair-ended sequencing platform. De novo assembly resulted into 24,488 transcripts, with mean length and N50 values of 1444.2 bp and 2667 bp, respectively. Of the transcripts, 14,643 exhibited putative homology with class Insecta proteins from UniPROT database. To understand the contig functions, gene descriptions, gene ontology and cluster of orthologous group annotations were analyzed. Following functional annotation, a number of transcripts encoding detoxification, target receptor action and olfaction-related proteins were identified and analyzed. In addition, 4520 transcripts containing simple sequence repeats, ranging from dinucleotide to hexanucleotide repeats were discovered, with trinucleotide being the most enriched repeats. This new sequence resource will shed light on various molecular mechanisms in T. chilonis and related species.
Field studies on the biocontrol activity of four B. subtilis isolates viz., B. subtilis MTCC-2422... more Field studies on the biocontrol activity of four B. subtilis isolates viz., B. subtilis MTCC-2422 (T-3), B. subtilis KU936344 (T-4), B. subtilis KU936345(T-5) and B. subtilis KU936341 (T-6), against late blight disease of potato caused by fungus like-organism Phytophthora infestans were investigated. These isolates produce mycotoxins against the causal organism. The fungicide (Mancozeb) M 45 (CURZATE®) was used as positive control. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar, Kufri Jyoti was used. The treatments were utilized as soil drenching as well as foliar spray. Results reveal that, bacterial treatments significantly reduced disease incidence of late blight compared with the control. Bacterial treatments increased the plant vegetative parameters like plant height, sprouting, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of plants. In addition, treatments also showed the clear difference between commercial and non-commercial tuber yield/hectare. In this experiment, two observations displayed the reduction of the disease severity. There was 32.73% increase in the control plot and 14.3% in chemical fungicide, while in bacterial treatments there was 12.75%, 14.09%, 4.7% and 4.13% increase in the T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Soil drenching of bacterial culture gave the high yield in commercial potato tubers, even when compared with the chemical fungicide. The total yield of control block was 166.04 quintals/hectare but non-commercial yield was 101.07 quintals/hectare. In chemical fungicide, total yield was 188.8 quintals/ hectare and non-commercial tubers was 69.66 quintals. The bacterial treatments T4, T5, T6, showed less non-commercial potato yield 48.29, 22.60 and 24.67 quintals/hectare in the total yield of 177.02, 212.89 and 190.737 quintals/hectare in respective treatments. So this study uncovers that B. subtilis treatments are effective under field condition for the control of potato late blight.
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against variou... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against various microbial related diseases. Trichogramma chilonis is a type of egg endoparasitoid wasp, well known as a biological control agent for pests that express various proteins to sustain and grown in host egg. In the present study, the bioinformatics analysis was attempted to identify T. chilonis transcript through sequence and phylogenetic analysis that clustered the transcript to Alo2 protein. Simultaneously the parasitoid egg homogenate was screened and subjected to antimicrobial property against pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. Further, the similarity linkage clustering was identified the knottin motif at both sequence as well as structure level for Alo2. In silico physicochemical characteristics analysis of knottin motif has revealed approximate molecular weight of 6515.76 Da, theoretical Isoelectric point (pI): 7.55 and an aliphatic index: 63.06, instability index: 32.71, and gra...
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against variou... more Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from insects possess potent antimicrobial properties against various microbial related diseases. Trichogramma chilonis is a type of egg endoparasitoid wasp, well known as a biological control agent for pests that express various proteins to sustain and grown in host egg. In the present study, the bioinformatics analysis was attempted to identify T. chilonis transcript through sequence and phylogenetic analysis that clustered the transcript to Alo2 protein. Simultaneously the parasitoid egg homogenate was screened and subjected to antimicrobial property against pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. Further, the similarity linkage clustering was identified the knottin motif at both sequence as well as structure level for Alo2. In silico physicochemical characteristics analysis of knottin motif has revealed approximate molecular weight of 6515.76 Da, theoretical Isoelectric point (pI): 7.55 and an aliphatic index: 63.06, instability index: 32.71, and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY): 0.547. Based on in silico results, Alo2 protein/knottin motif, was confirmed, which present in T. chilonis and the antimicrobial screening of T. chilonis protein homogenate exhibited significance growth inhibitory activity against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal pathogens. The study results conclude that Alo2 protein resemble as an AMP that may express in the parasitoid egg as host defense protein and may involved to combat invading microbial pathogens and could regulate host defense mechanism during its development in host egg.
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an endoparasitic wasp widely used as a biological control agent of... more Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an endoparasitic wasp widely used as a biological control agent of economically important pests. However, absence of genetic information on T. chilonis hampers further research, especially at the molecular level. Here, we performed the first RNA-Seq of the adult T. chilonis. A total of 18,372,639 high-quality reads were generated using Illumina pair-ended sequencing platform. De novo assembly resulted into 24,488 transcripts, with mean length and N50 values of 1444.2 bp and 2667 bp, respectively. Of the transcripts, 14,643 exhibited putative homology with class Insecta proteins from UniPROT database. To understand the contig functions, gene descriptions, gene ontology and cluster of orthologous group annotations were analyzed. Following functional annotation, a number of transcripts encoding detoxification, target receptor action and olfaction-related proteins were identified and analyzed. In addition, 4520 transcripts containing simple sequence repeats, ranging from dinucleotide to hexanucleotide repeats were discovered, with trinucleotide being the most enriched repeats. This new sequence resource will shed light on various molecular mechanisms in T. chilonis and related species.
Field studies on the biocontrol activity of four B. subtilis isolates viz., B. subtilis MTCC-2422... more Field studies on the biocontrol activity of four B. subtilis isolates viz., B. subtilis MTCC-2422 (T-3), B. subtilis KU936344 (T-4), B. subtilis KU936345(T-5) and B. subtilis KU936341 (T-6), against late blight disease of potato caused by fungus like-organism Phytophthora infestans were investigated. These isolates produce mycotoxins against the causal organism. The fungicide (Mancozeb) M 45 (CURZATE®) was used as positive control. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar, Kufri Jyoti was used. The treatments were utilized as soil drenching as well as foliar spray. Results reveal that, bacterial treatments significantly reduced disease incidence of late blight compared with the control. Bacterial treatments increased the plant vegetative parameters like plant height, sprouting, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of plants. In addition, treatments also showed the clear difference between commercial and non-commercial tuber yield/hectare. In this experiment, two observations displayed the reduction of the disease severity. There was 32.73% increase in the control plot and 14.3% in chemical fungicide, while in bacterial treatments there was 12.75%, 14.09%, 4.7% and 4.13% increase in the T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Soil drenching of bacterial culture gave the high yield in commercial potato tubers, even when compared with the chemical fungicide. The total yield of control block was 166.04 quintals/hectare but non-commercial yield was 101.07 quintals/hectare. In chemical fungicide, total yield was 188.8 quintals/ hectare and non-commercial tubers was 69.66 quintals. The bacterial treatments T4, T5, T6, showed less non-commercial potato yield 48.29, 22.60 and 24.67 quintals/hectare in the total yield of 177.02, 212.89 and 190.737 quintals/hectare in respective treatments. So this study uncovers that B. subtilis treatments are effective under field condition for the control of potato late blight.
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