The antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum fruit extracts were tested by agar well diffus... more The antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum fruit extracts were tested by agar well diffusion method against the six ear pathogens causing ear infection namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. and Candida albicans in different solvents. Organic fruit extracts displayed antimicrobial activity against five tested ear pathogens and aqueous extracts were unable to exhibit any antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of E. cardamomum fruit was found against S.aureus (19.3mm) in acetonic extract with an MIC of 25 mg/ml. This study reveals that the organic fruit extract of E. cardamomum showed good antimicrobial activity and can be used for developing novel herbal ear drop.
Introduction and objective: Phytic acid, which is the main constituent of animal diet, is not dig... more Introduction and objective: Phytic acid, which is the main constituent of animal diet, is not digested by monogastric animals and hence, create problem in the availability of phosphorus in their diet. It also causes environmental pollution by extra supplemented phosphorus in animal’s diet. Hence, acido-thermophilic phytase producer bacterial strain has been isolated in this study for its potential use in poultry feedings. Material and methods: Samples for the screening of phytase producers were collected from different habitats. 1g of soil was inoculated in culture broth containing 2% (w/w) phytate organic substrate. The qualitative screening for phytase production was performed by agar plate containing sodium phytate followed by quantitative screening using shaking flask method. Phytase activity was determined and the selected isolate was biochemically characterized using the standard biochemical techniques. Results: AR58 bacterial isolate, isolated from poultry field soil, showing...
Abstract Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as a host to produce a variety of recombinant p... more Abstract Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as a host to produce a variety of recombinant proteins. However, the direct production of soluble and active protein containing disulfide bonds in E. coli remains a major challenge. In this study, we established a new, innovative soluble protein expression system based on the synergistic action of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and intein. Kinds of proteins including nanobodies, hIL-3 (Human Interleukin-3) analogue and AVN (the N terminal of A. ventricosus MiSp) with amino acid sequences that are normally express as insoluble form or difficult to express could be successfully expressed in soluble form in E. coli with this system. The soluble expression of the target proteins in the cytoplasm was achieved by the fusion of the solubility enhancer ELP, and the fusion of intein allowed the target proteins to be directly separated from the solubility enhancers in a mild enzyme-free environment. Through a one or two-step operation, nanobodies with high affinity activity, IL-3 analogue with bioactivity and soluble AVN were easily purified. This simple and efficient soluble expression system could thus be widely applied to facilitate the expression of difficult-to-express proteins.
Abstract Non-protein A-based purification technology is increasingly needed in that protein A chr... more Abstract Non-protein A-based purification technology is increasingly needed in that protein A chromatography possesses mang inherent problems, such as the high material and operational costs, limited productivity, and leaching of the protein A ligand. In this study, antibody purification was first achieved by precipitation of the antibody from the cell culture supernatant (CCS) in a tubular reactor with a static mixer. The protein precipitates were efficiently intercepted by incorporating a depth filtration membrane directly after the mixer. Chromatin-directed cell culture clarification was shown to enable the full usage of the load of the filter membrane and also significantly reduced the burden of the subsequent purification step. The addition of NaCl to the CCS significantly increased the permeabilization of the filter membrane by increasing the loading capacity by up to 20%. The re-dissolved and eluted antibodies were further polished using single multimodal chromatography, which supported direct sample loading. The content of non-histone host cell protein (n-h-HCP) in the final product was less than 20 ppm, DNA was less than 1 ppb, and the aggregates was less than 0.05%. The overall antibody recovery was ˜82%. This method is a feasible alternative to the current protein A-dominant antibody purification platform and has high value and potential for widespread implementation.
Hydroxyproline and cysteine have a synergistic effect on both the thermal and mechanical properti... more Hydroxyproline and cysteine have a synergistic effect on both the thermal and mechanical properties of fish collagen hydrogels.
Daily administration of vitamin D is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. The orthopedic c... more Daily administration of vitamin D is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. The orthopedic community has shown increased interest in vitamin D supplementation and patient outcomes after fracture. The current study used data from a large hip fracture trial to determine the proportion of patients who consistently used vitamin D after hip fracture surgery and to determine whether supplementation was associated with improved health-related quality of life and reduced reoperation rates. The FAITH study is a multicenter trial of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation. The current study asked a subset of patients included in the FAITH study about vitamin D supplementation and categorized them as consistent users, inconsistent users, or nonusers. This study also evaluated whether supplementation was associated with improved quality of life and reduced reoperation rates. The final analysis included 573 patients (mean age, 74.1 years; female, 66.3%; no...
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, Jan 6, 2015
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been extensively e... more The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been extensively evaluated in groups of patients with osteoarthritis, yet not in patients with a femoral neck fracture. This study aimed to determine the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the WOMAC compared with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires for the assessment of elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture. Reliability was tested by assessing the Cronbach alpha. Construct validity was determined with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Change scores were calculated from ten weeks to twelve months of follow-up. Standardized response means and floor and ceiling effects were determined. Analyses were performed to compare the results for patients less than eighty years old with those for patients eighty years of age or older. The mean WOMAC total score was 89 points before the fracture in the younger patients and increased from 70 points at ten wee...
The antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum fruit extracts were tested by agar well diffus... more The antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum fruit extracts were tested by agar well diffusion method against the six ear pathogens causing ear infection namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. and Candida albicans in different solvents. Organic fruit extracts displayed antimicrobial activity against five tested ear pathogens and aqueous extracts were unable to exhibit any antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of E. cardamomum fruit was found against S.aureus (19.3mm) in acetonic extract with an MIC of 25 mg/ml. This study reveals that the organic fruit extract of E. cardamomum showed good antimicrobial activity and can be used for developing novel herbal ear drop.
Introduction and objective: Phytic acid, which is the main constituent of animal diet, is not dig... more Introduction and objective: Phytic acid, which is the main constituent of animal diet, is not digested by monogastric animals and hence, create problem in the availability of phosphorus in their diet. It also causes environmental pollution by extra supplemented phosphorus in animal’s diet. Hence, acido-thermophilic phytase producer bacterial strain has been isolated in this study for its potential use in poultry feedings. Material and methods: Samples for the screening of phytase producers were collected from different habitats. 1g of soil was inoculated in culture broth containing 2% (w/w) phytate organic substrate. The qualitative screening for phytase production was performed by agar plate containing sodium phytate followed by quantitative screening using shaking flask method. Phytase activity was determined and the selected isolate was biochemically characterized using the standard biochemical techniques. Results: AR58 bacterial isolate, isolated from poultry field soil, showing...
Abstract Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as a host to produce a variety of recombinant p... more Abstract Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as a host to produce a variety of recombinant proteins. However, the direct production of soluble and active protein containing disulfide bonds in E. coli remains a major challenge. In this study, we established a new, innovative soluble protein expression system based on the synergistic action of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and intein. Kinds of proteins including nanobodies, hIL-3 (Human Interleukin-3) analogue and AVN (the N terminal of A. ventricosus MiSp) with amino acid sequences that are normally express as insoluble form or difficult to express could be successfully expressed in soluble form in E. coli with this system. The soluble expression of the target proteins in the cytoplasm was achieved by the fusion of the solubility enhancer ELP, and the fusion of intein allowed the target proteins to be directly separated from the solubility enhancers in a mild enzyme-free environment. Through a one or two-step operation, nanobodies with high affinity activity, IL-3 analogue with bioactivity and soluble AVN were easily purified. This simple and efficient soluble expression system could thus be widely applied to facilitate the expression of difficult-to-express proteins.
Abstract Non-protein A-based purification technology is increasingly needed in that protein A chr... more Abstract Non-protein A-based purification technology is increasingly needed in that protein A chromatography possesses mang inherent problems, such as the high material and operational costs, limited productivity, and leaching of the protein A ligand. In this study, antibody purification was first achieved by precipitation of the antibody from the cell culture supernatant (CCS) in a tubular reactor with a static mixer. The protein precipitates were efficiently intercepted by incorporating a depth filtration membrane directly after the mixer. Chromatin-directed cell culture clarification was shown to enable the full usage of the load of the filter membrane and also significantly reduced the burden of the subsequent purification step. The addition of NaCl to the CCS significantly increased the permeabilization of the filter membrane by increasing the loading capacity by up to 20%. The re-dissolved and eluted antibodies were further polished using single multimodal chromatography, which supported direct sample loading. The content of non-histone host cell protein (n-h-HCP) in the final product was less than 20 ppm, DNA was less than 1 ppb, and the aggregates was less than 0.05%. The overall antibody recovery was ˜82%. This method is a feasible alternative to the current protein A-dominant antibody purification platform and has high value and potential for widespread implementation.
Hydroxyproline and cysteine have a synergistic effect on both the thermal and mechanical properti... more Hydroxyproline and cysteine have a synergistic effect on both the thermal and mechanical properties of fish collagen hydrogels.
Daily administration of vitamin D is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. The orthopedic c... more Daily administration of vitamin D is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. The orthopedic community has shown increased interest in vitamin D supplementation and patient outcomes after fracture. The current study used data from a large hip fracture trial to determine the proportion of patients who consistently used vitamin D after hip fracture surgery and to determine whether supplementation was associated with improved health-related quality of life and reduced reoperation rates. The FAITH study is a multicenter trial of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation. The current study asked a subset of patients included in the FAITH study about vitamin D supplementation and categorized them as consistent users, inconsistent users, or nonusers. This study also evaluated whether supplementation was associated with improved quality of life and reduced reoperation rates. The final analysis included 573 patients (mean age, 74.1 years; female, 66.3%; no...
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, Jan 6, 2015
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been extensively e... more The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been extensively evaluated in groups of patients with osteoarthritis, yet not in patients with a femoral neck fracture. This study aimed to determine the reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the WOMAC compared with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires for the assessment of elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture. Reliability was tested by assessing the Cronbach alpha. Construct validity was determined with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Change scores were calculated from ten weeks to twelve months of follow-up. Standardized response means and floor and ceiling effects were determined. Analyses were performed to compare the results for patients less than eighty years old with those for patients eighty years of age or older. The mean WOMAC total score was 89 points before the fracture in the younger patients and increased from 70 points at ten wee...
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Papers by Kamal Rai