The leaves and rhizome of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) were investigated for the endophytic fungi a... more The leaves and rhizome of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) were investigated for the endophytic fungi associated with the plant. Two fungal endophytes were isolated and confirmed as Cladosporium sphaerospermumand Plectosphaerella sp. using molecular techniques. Both species were recorded as new isolates of A. calamus. The isolates were tested for extracellular enzyme production. The Plectosphaerella sp. demonstrated enzymatic activity in maximum instances, whereas C. sphaerospermum displayed positive results for three extracellular enzyme production (pectinase, cellulase, and tyrosinase) activities. The preliminary siderophore production assay was done, and Plectosphaerella sp. was found to have the potential for siderophore production. Both fungal isolates were screened for preliminary antibacterial activity by the agar-well diffusion method against plant and animal pathogens, in which C. sphaerospermumshowed the maximum zone of inhibition against the animal pathogenic Bacillus megateriu...
The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Berberis aristata, Chenopo... more The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Berberis aristata, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Tinospora cordifolia grown in Kumaun Himalayan were investigated against some pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas phaseoli and Erwinia chrysanthemi) using disc diffusion method. Methanol extract of B. aristata was found with highest inhibitory activity against E. chrysanthemi (ZOI, 11±0.3mm). Whereas lowest inhibition was recorded in ethanolic extract of B. aristata against E. coli. The hexane extract of B. aristata and methanolic extract of C. ambrosioides were found totally inactive against all the pathogens tested.
Bacteria are one of the most abundant domains of life that are capable of surviving in different ... more Bacteria are one of the most abundant domains of life that are capable of surviving in different environments including the fresh water habitats like river, streams, lakes etc. Many fresh water lakes located in the outer Himalayan region within Indian territory are the important source of water for residents for various domestic and agricultural purposes. There is a cluster of such lakes located in the lower Himalayan region in the Kumaun area of Uttarakhand state in India that includes lakes like Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiatal, Sattal and Garurtal. These lakes are the sources of potable water for local population and their presence have also led to the development of these sites into famous tourist spots. Since the increased human intervention is fastly changing the natural ecosystem of these lakes, the study of their microbial population is very important not only to define the level of anthropogenic disturbances but also to draw ecological inferences in terms of biogeochemical c...
This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Euphorbia milii (E. milii) using ... more This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Euphorbia milii (E. milii) using an exquisite combination of phytopharmacological and advanced computational techniques. The chloroform fraction (Em-C) of E. milii methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50: 6.41 ± 0.99 µg/ml) among all studied fractions. Likewise, Em-C also showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50: 11.2 ± 0.8 µg/ml) when compared with that of standard compound 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IC50: 4.22 ± 0.6 µg/ml) against hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). However, in a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), Em-C demonstrated a non-significant difference in cytotoxicity (22.1 ± 0.8 µg/ml) when compared with that of 5-FU (IC50: 6.87 ± 0.5 µg/ml). Furthermore, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the suppression of HepG2 cells was the consequence of a tremendous decrease in CDK2 and E2F1 protein expression. The GC–MS analysis of Em-C revealed the unique presence of cyclobarbital (CBT) and benzodioxole derivative (BAN) as major constituents. Furthermore, molecular docking of compounds BAN, CBT, and MBT into the binding site of different molecular targets i.e. cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), thymidylate synthase (TS), caspase 3, BCL2 and topoisomerase II was carried out. Compounds BAN and CBT have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity towards CDK2 and thymidylate synthase, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulation studies have further confirmed the finding of docking analysis, suggesting that CDK2 and TS can act as an attractive molecular target for BAN and CBT, respectively. It can be concluded that these E. milii phytoconstituents (BAN and CBT) may likely be responsible for anti-invasive activity against HepG2 cells.
The essential oil of Salvia nubicola Wall ex Sweet. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Six... more The essential oil of Salvia nubicola Wall ex Sweet. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four compounds were identified, constituting 94.0% of the oil. The oil was found rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (73.3%). Germacrene D (46.2%) was the principal constituent. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted 12.3% of the oil. The oil showed activity against tested bacterial and fungal strains used, and which was found comparable with the standard antibiotics (Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Clotrimazole) used for comparison.
The use of antioxidant in treatment of oxidative stress related pathologies is a possible therape... more The use of antioxidant in treatment of oxidative stress related pathologies is a possible therapeutic strategy for future. Natural product with antioxidant properties could trigger this goal. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antioxidant activity of four (hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous) extracts of Cupressus torulosa D.Don. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts of the plant was determined using standard assay methods and the antioxidant activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2̍ [azinobis (3 ethyl benothiazoline6 sulphonic acid) di-ammonium salt] (ABTS) and superoxide scavenging activity assay (SSA). The polar extracts (ethanol and Aqueous) had more phytochemicals than non-polar extracts (hexane and chloroform). The scavenging activity was found dose dependent. Polar extracts has been found to have higher total phenolic content (for ethanol467.5±6.81 and for aqueous379.76±7.29 mg GAE/gm dry extract weight extract), total fl...
The leaves and rhizome of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) were investigated for the endophytic fungi a... more The leaves and rhizome of Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) were investigated for the endophytic fungi associated with the plant. Two fungal endophytes were isolated and confirmed as Cladosporium sphaerospermumand Plectosphaerella sp. using molecular techniques. Both species were recorded as new isolates of A. calamus. The isolates were tested for extracellular enzyme production. The Plectosphaerella sp. demonstrated enzymatic activity in maximum instances, whereas C. sphaerospermum displayed positive results for three extracellular enzyme production (pectinase, cellulase, and tyrosinase) activities. The preliminary siderophore production assay was done, and Plectosphaerella sp. was found to have the potential for siderophore production. Both fungal isolates were screened for preliminary antibacterial activity by the agar-well diffusion method against plant and animal pathogens, in which C. sphaerospermumshowed the maximum zone of inhibition against the animal pathogenic Bacillus megateriu...
The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Berberis aristata, Chenopo... more The antibacterial property of methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Berberis aristata, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Tinospora cordifolia grown in Kumaun Himalayan were investigated against some pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas phaseoli and Erwinia chrysanthemi) using disc diffusion method. Methanol extract of B. aristata was found with highest inhibitory activity against E. chrysanthemi (ZOI, 11±0.3mm). Whereas lowest inhibition was recorded in ethanolic extract of B. aristata against E. coli. The hexane extract of B. aristata and methanolic extract of C. ambrosioides were found totally inactive against all the pathogens tested.
Bacteria are one of the most abundant domains of life that are capable of surviving in different ... more Bacteria are one of the most abundant domains of life that are capable of surviving in different environments including the fresh water habitats like river, streams, lakes etc. Many fresh water lakes located in the outer Himalayan region within Indian territory are the important source of water for residents for various domestic and agricultural purposes. There is a cluster of such lakes located in the lower Himalayan region in the Kumaun area of Uttarakhand state in India that includes lakes like Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiatal, Sattal and Garurtal. These lakes are the sources of potable water for local population and their presence have also led to the development of these sites into famous tourist spots. Since the increased human intervention is fastly changing the natural ecosystem of these lakes, the study of their microbial population is very important not only to define the level of anthropogenic disturbances but also to draw ecological inferences in terms of biogeochemical c...
This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Euphorbia milii (E. milii) using ... more This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Euphorbia milii (E. milii) using an exquisite combination of phytopharmacological and advanced computational techniques. The chloroform fraction (Em-C) of E. milii methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50: 6.41 ± 0.99 µg/ml) among all studied fractions. Likewise, Em-C also showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50: 11.2 ± 0.8 µg/ml) when compared with that of standard compound 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IC50: 4.22 ± 0.6 µg/ml) against hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). However, in a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), Em-C demonstrated a non-significant difference in cytotoxicity (22.1 ± 0.8 µg/ml) when compared with that of 5-FU (IC50: 6.87 ± 0.5 µg/ml). Furthermore, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the suppression of HepG2 cells was the consequence of a tremendous decrease in CDK2 and E2F1 protein expression. The GC–MS analysis of Em-C revealed the unique presence of cyclobarbital (CBT) and benzodioxole derivative (BAN) as major constituents. Furthermore, molecular docking of compounds BAN, CBT, and MBT into the binding site of different molecular targets i.e. cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), thymidylate synthase (TS), caspase 3, BCL2 and topoisomerase II was carried out. Compounds BAN and CBT have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity towards CDK2 and thymidylate synthase, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulation studies have further confirmed the finding of docking analysis, suggesting that CDK2 and TS can act as an attractive molecular target for BAN and CBT, respectively. It can be concluded that these E. milii phytoconstituents (BAN and CBT) may likely be responsible for anti-invasive activity against HepG2 cells.
The essential oil of Salvia nubicola Wall ex Sweet. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Six... more The essential oil of Salvia nubicola Wall ex Sweet. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four compounds were identified, constituting 94.0% of the oil. The oil was found rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (73.3%). Germacrene D (46.2%) was the principal constituent. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted 12.3% of the oil. The oil showed activity against tested bacterial and fungal strains used, and which was found comparable with the standard antibiotics (Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Clotrimazole) used for comparison.
The use of antioxidant in treatment of oxidative stress related pathologies is a possible therape... more The use of antioxidant in treatment of oxidative stress related pathologies is a possible therapeutic strategy for future. Natural product with antioxidant properties could trigger this goal. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antioxidant activity of four (hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous) extracts of Cupressus torulosa D.Don. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts of the plant was determined using standard assay methods and the antioxidant activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2̍ [azinobis (3 ethyl benothiazoline6 sulphonic acid) di-ammonium salt] (ABTS) and superoxide scavenging activity assay (SSA). The polar extracts (ethanol and Aqueous) had more phytochemicals than non-polar extracts (hexane and chloroform). The scavenging activity was found dose dependent. Polar extracts has been found to have higher total phenolic content (for ethanol467.5±6.81 and for aqueous379.76±7.29 mg GAE/gm dry extract weight extract), total fl...
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