... For the most part, the issue of whether to transcribe |e] and [o] as diphthongs or monophthon... more ... For the most part, the issue of whether to transcribe |e] and [o] as diphthongs or monophthongs depends on the nature and purpose ... 1990). Diacritics for height ([J for raised and [J for lowered) and frontness ([J for ad-vanced and [J for retracted) are used when the transcriber ...
Most internationally adopted children learn their new language rapidly after adoption. What is no... more Most internationally adopted children learn their new language rapidly after adoption. What is not known is whether these gains continue at the same developmental pace throughout the preschool years. To answer this question, the continued language development of the 10 lowest performers from a cohort of 55 preschool-aged children adopted from China was examined. All 55 children had originally been assessed approximately 2 years earlier as preschoolers. The purpose was to examine whether continued English language exposure resulted in greater gain scores on a battery of standardized speech-language tests normed on monolingual English speakers. The 10 lowest performers were retested on the same battery approximately 2 years later. Scores on the second testing were examined in two ways. First, the amount of gain made from first to second testing for each child was examined, and second, the low performers were compared with adopted children from the original cohort who were matched for age and duration of time in the United States. It was found that more than half of the low-scoring children made clinically significant gains on the second assessment, but that low performers as a group scored below the level of matched peers in the cohort, even after approximately 2 years of additional English language exposure.
Little is known about the acquisition of English phonology by children adopted from China. Data a... more Little is known about the acquisition of English phonology by children adopted from China. Data are summarized from three recent studies with a focus on the phonological skills of children adopted from China as infants or toddlers. Two longitudinal studies (combined n = 8) described early phonological behaviors (e.g., babbling, phonetic inventories), and found substantial individual variation. In spite of this variation by 3 years of age, nearly all of the children were performing at a level comparable to nonadopted monolingual English-speaking peers. No clear relationship between the early behaviors and outcome at age 3 was found. The third study provided descriptions of the phonological skills of preschoolers ( n = 25) who had been adopted 2 or more years earlier, and found that only a few had persistent phonological delays. Errors were predominantly common developmental errors frequently observed in nonadopted monolingual English-speaking children. These findings suggest that tests and measures developed for monolingual English-speaking children may be used cautiously with children adopted as infants or toddlers who have been in their permanent homes for 2 or more years. Prior to that time, assessment should focus on independent analyses of phonological behaviors with consideration of the child's chronological age, length of exposure to English, and development in other language domains.
Attention to vowels in phonological development and disorders has increased in recent years, but ... more Attention to vowels in phonological development and disorders has increased in recent years, but the incidence of vowel errors in children with phonological disorders has not yet been determined. In the present study, percentage of non-rhotic vowels correct (PVC-NR) was measured in single word productions of 314 monolingual American English-speaking children, 165 with normal phonology (NP) and 149 with delayed/disordered phonology (DP). Three cutoffs (PVC-NR < 85, < 90 and < 95) were used to determine incidence of vowel errors. The percentage of younger NP children (18 to 35 months of age) exhibiting vowel errors was high (24 to 65%, depending on the cutoff used), but decreased with age. Incidence of vowel errors in older NP children (> or = 36 months) was minimal (0 to 4%). In the DP group (age range 30 to 81 months), 11 to 32% exhibited vowel errors. DP children with moderate to severe consonant errors were at greatest risk for concurrent vowel errors.
Phonetics is an inherently lab-oriented topic, involving the investigation and analysis of speech... more Phonetics is an inherently lab-oriented topic, involving the investigation and analysis of speech data; but it is often taught in large sections with limited instructional time and other resources, so instructors are unable to engage in the deep interactive explorations of topics that would be ideal. We present three phonetics laboratory activities designed to address this problem. In addition, these activities can engage students in material in ways that are not possible in a primarily lecture-based course; they can provide a source of empirical data for use in longitudinal research; and they can give students a taste of the experimental investigations from which much of the material in their course derives. We discuss pedagogical goals, activity design and grading. We also discuss challenges and successes in the implementation of these activities.
Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 2004
... children with phonological disorders: dialect and sampling issues BRIAN GOLDSTEIN{* andKAREN ... more ... children with phonological disorders: dialect and sampling issues BRIAN GOLDSTEIN{* andKAREN POLLOCK{ ... Meza (1983) included limited information on vowel production in 20 Mexican Spanish-speaking 4 – 7-year-olds with phonological disorders. ...
Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 2003
... Tel: 215-204-1871, Fax: 215-204-5954, E-mail: jenny.roberts@temple.edu. ... orphanages prior ... more ... Tel: 215-204-1871, Fax: 215-204-5954, E-mail: jenny.roberts@temple.edu. ... orphanages prior to adoption (Johnson and Dole, 1999), and a number of studies report that children with a history of institutional living are at risk for language and cognitive delays (Hough, 1999; Lesar ...
... For the most part, the issue of whether to transcribe |e] and [o] as diphthongs or monophthon... more ... For the most part, the issue of whether to transcribe |e] and [o] as diphthongs or monophthongs depends on the nature and purpose ... 1990). Diacritics for height ([J for raised and [J for lowered) and frontness ([J for ad-vanced and [J for retracted) are used when the transcriber ...
Most internationally adopted children learn their new language rapidly after adoption. What is no... more Most internationally adopted children learn their new language rapidly after adoption. What is not known is whether these gains continue at the same developmental pace throughout the preschool years. To answer this question, the continued language development of the 10 lowest performers from a cohort of 55 preschool-aged children adopted from China was examined. All 55 children had originally been assessed approximately 2 years earlier as preschoolers. The purpose was to examine whether continued English language exposure resulted in greater gain scores on a battery of standardized speech-language tests normed on monolingual English speakers. The 10 lowest performers were retested on the same battery approximately 2 years later. Scores on the second testing were examined in two ways. First, the amount of gain made from first to second testing for each child was examined, and second, the low performers were compared with adopted children from the original cohort who were matched for age and duration of time in the United States. It was found that more than half of the low-scoring children made clinically significant gains on the second assessment, but that low performers as a group scored below the level of matched peers in the cohort, even after approximately 2 years of additional English language exposure.
Little is known about the acquisition of English phonology by children adopted from China. Data a... more Little is known about the acquisition of English phonology by children adopted from China. Data are summarized from three recent studies with a focus on the phonological skills of children adopted from China as infants or toddlers. Two longitudinal studies (combined n = 8) described early phonological behaviors (e.g., babbling, phonetic inventories), and found substantial individual variation. In spite of this variation by 3 years of age, nearly all of the children were performing at a level comparable to nonadopted monolingual English-speaking peers. No clear relationship between the early behaviors and outcome at age 3 was found. The third study provided descriptions of the phonological skills of preschoolers ( n = 25) who had been adopted 2 or more years earlier, and found that only a few had persistent phonological delays. Errors were predominantly common developmental errors frequently observed in nonadopted monolingual English-speaking children. These findings suggest that tests and measures developed for monolingual English-speaking children may be used cautiously with children adopted as infants or toddlers who have been in their permanent homes for 2 or more years. Prior to that time, assessment should focus on independent analyses of phonological behaviors with consideration of the child's chronological age, length of exposure to English, and development in other language domains.
Attention to vowels in phonological development and disorders has increased in recent years, but ... more Attention to vowels in phonological development and disorders has increased in recent years, but the incidence of vowel errors in children with phonological disorders has not yet been determined. In the present study, percentage of non-rhotic vowels correct (PVC-NR) was measured in single word productions of 314 monolingual American English-speaking children, 165 with normal phonology (NP) and 149 with delayed/disordered phonology (DP). Three cutoffs (PVC-NR < 85, < 90 and < 95) were used to determine incidence of vowel errors. The percentage of younger NP children (18 to 35 months of age) exhibiting vowel errors was high (24 to 65%, depending on the cutoff used), but decreased with age. Incidence of vowel errors in older NP children (> or = 36 months) was minimal (0 to 4%). In the DP group (age range 30 to 81 months), 11 to 32% exhibited vowel errors. DP children with moderate to severe consonant errors were at greatest risk for concurrent vowel errors.
Phonetics is an inherently lab-oriented topic, involving the investigation and analysis of speech... more Phonetics is an inherently lab-oriented topic, involving the investigation and analysis of speech data; but it is often taught in large sections with limited instructional time and other resources, so instructors are unable to engage in the deep interactive explorations of topics that would be ideal. We present three phonetics laboratory activities designed to address this problem. In addition, these activities can engage students in material in ways that are not possible in a primarily lecture-based course; they can provide a source of empirical data for use in longitudinal research; and they can give students a taste of the experimental investigations from which much of the material in their course derives. We discuss pedagogical goals, activity design and grading. We also discuss challenges and successes in the implementation of these activities.
Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 2004
... children with phonological disorders: dialect and sampling issues BRIAN GOLDSTEIN{* andKAREN ... more ... children with phonological disorders: dialect and sampling issues BRIAN GOLDSTEIN{* andKAREN POLLOCK{ ... Meza (1983) included limited information on vowel production in 20 Mexican Spanish-speaking 4 – 7-year-olds with phonological disorders. ...
Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 2003
... Tel: 215-204-1871, Fax: 215-204-5954, E-mail: jenny.roberts@temple.edu. ... orphanages prior ... more ... Tel: 215-204-1871, Fax: 215-204-5954, E-mail: jenny.roberts@temple.edu. ... orphanages prior to adoption (Johnson and Dole, 1999), and a number of studies report that children with a history of institutional living are at risk for language and cognitive delays (Hough, 1999; Lesar ...
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