Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies... more Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that personality traits may predict these two outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Thus, the present study examined whether personality traits are associated with walking speed and muscular strength through the mediating role of subjective age (how young or old individuals experience themselves to be), attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Community-dwelling older women (N = 243; Mage = 73.0; SDage = 6.5) were recruited. For reasons of recruitment feasibility, participants were only older women. They were requested to complete a questionnaire measuring personality, subjective age, attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Following this, their walking speed and their muscular strength were investigated. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. In line with the literature, we extended the associations between extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and walking speed and between conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and muscular strength. Physical self-perceptions appear to be a robust mediator between personality traits and walking speed whereas attitudes toward aging and subjective age mediated the personality traits/muscular strength relationship. This study provides evidence, for the first time, that the associations between personality traits and physical capacities are different according to the physical capacities investigated. Based on these results, it could be interesting to adapt physical activity interventions to the psychological profile of older adults.
Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs con... more Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs confirms the importance to maintain the anti-doping efforts. Though the role of socio-cognitive variables in doping attitudes is well identified (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014), the role of implicit processes remains sparsely studied in sports’ doping, especially in high level cyclists. While the potential of traditional computer-IAT has been developed to capture individuals’ implicit attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014ab; Schindler et al., 2015), paper-and-pen IAT offers unquestionably ease-of-administration prospects (Chan and al., 2017). The aim of this study was thus to test and provide a preliminary validation of a French paper-and-pen IAT as an alternative method to measure implicit attitudes toward doping: the IAT-Dop. Method This work was based on the testing procedure of the paper-and-pen Personalized Single-Category IAT test (i.e., p&p SC-IAT-P) of Bardin et al. (2016), whi...
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 1, 2013
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Resistive Self-Reg ulatory Efficacy in ... more The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Resistive Self-Reg ulatory Efficacy in Sport Scale (RSRESS) in a French sample. The instrument was developed on the basis of the literature (Bandura et al., 1996). A series of four com plementary studies was carried out with a total sample of 1306 athletes. In the first study, a preliminary version was developed and its clarity was evaluated. The initial factorial analysis identified a one-factor model with good internal consistency. The second study confirmed the factorial structure of the instrument and showed its partial invariance across genders. The third study demonstrated the temporal sta bility of the RSRESS. In the fourth study, the expected relationships between the RSRESS and both moral disengagement and affective self-regulatory efficacy (Ban dura et al., 2001, 2003) were found, supporting the construct validity of the instru ment. The RSRESS thus presents satisfactory psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for developing future research on the role of self-regulatory efficacy in moral issues.
Ce travail s'appuie sur les modeles sociocognitifs de la pensee morale et de l'action de ... more Ce travail s'appuie sur les modeles sociocognitifs de la pensee morale et de l'action de Bandura (1991, 2001, 2003), et de la motivation d'accomplissement de Dweck et Leggett (1988) dans sa reformulation recente (Cury et al., 2006) pour etudier certains antecedents psychosociaux des transgressions en contexte sportif. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude de mecanismes d'autoregulation des conduites de transgression en sport. Nos resultats ont mis en evidence que ces mecanismes autoregulateurs constituaient des facteurs protecteurs des transgressions en contexte sportif. Dans une seconde partie, le modele sociocognitif de la motivation d'accomplissement (Cury et al., 2006; Dweck & Leggett, 1988) a ete utilise pour expliquer le jugement d'acceptabilite de la transgression en contexte sportif. Ensuite, plusieurs etudes experimentales ont montre l'influence des buts motivationnels et des theories implicites de l'habilete sur le comportement de t...
Introduction Plusieurs etudes ont rapporte des liens entre la vitesse de marche des personnes âge... more Introduction Plusieurs etudes ont rapporte des liens entre la vitesse de marche des personnes âgees et certaines caracteristiques psychologiques comme les traits de personnalite [1] ou les stereotypes lies au vieillissement [2] . En revanche, les mecanismes explicatifs de ces relations sont peu connus et la question de leur generalisation a d’autres capacites fonctionnelles reste posee. Cette etude avait pour objet d’examiner les relations entre les traits de personnalite et differentes capacites fonctionnelles par le biais des attitudes vis-a-vis du vieillissement et des perceptions de soi. Methode Cent quarante-neuf personnes âgees (36 ♂ et 113 ♀, 73,8 ± 6,26 ans) presentant differents niveaux de fragilite physique selon les criteres de Fried et al. [3] ont repondu a une batterie de questionnaires valides mesurant leurs traits de personnalite (BFI-FR), attitudes vis-a-vis du vieillissement, âge subjectif, et valeur physique percue (ISP 25). Leurs vitesse de marche (Optogait), forc...
This paper presents the results of two complementary studies that aimed to improve understanding ... more This paper presents the results of two complementary studies that aimed to improve understanding of methods for developing self-regulatory skills in sport. The first (Study 1) investigated the effects of levels of expertise on the self-regulation of transgressive behavior in sport. The second (Study 2) examined the effects of peer education interventions on the development of self-regulatory skills. The Study 1 sample comprised 178 athletes at departmental-regional level and 49 high-level athletes. Study 2 comprised 99 students and 6 high-level sports tutors. Study 1 results showed that high-level athletes saw themselves as more able to resist social pressures and disengaged less than their less-experienced counterparts. Study 2 results showed that peer-education-based interventions affected the tutees’ self-regulatory efficiency scores in resisting social pressures and in social efficacy. These studies suggest that self-regulatory skills improve with increased expertise and appropr...
This article presents the development and validation of the Aging Stereotypes and Exercise Scale ... more This article presents the development and validation of the Aging Stereotypes and Exercise Scale (ASES), which measures different dimensions of aging stereotypes in the exercise domain. Drawing on past research on older adults’ perceived barriers to exercise, these dimensions include stereotypes about positive and negative exercise outcomes for older adults and about older adults’ psychological barriers to exercise (i.e., lack of self-efficacy and motivation). Four studies involving 714 participants examined the factorial structure and invariance, temporal stability, and external validity of the scale. The results supported a 3-factor model that was invariant across age. Age differences in stereotype content appeared, with older adults holding more positive stereotypes than younger adults. Also as predicted, the more older adults endorsed negative stereotypes, the lower their physical self-worth, self-rated health, and subjective age. Last, responses to the ASES appeared to be stabl...
This study was designed to assess athletes’ use of moral disengagement in competitive sport. We c... more This study was designed to assess athletes’ use of moral disengagement in competitive sport. We conducted semistructured interviews with 24 elite male and female athletes in basketball and taekwondo. Participants described transgressive behaviors in competitive situations and reasons for adopting such behaviors. Content analyses revealed that the eight moral disengagement mechanisms identified in everyday Life (i.e., moral justification, advantageous comparison, euphemistic labeling, minimizing or ignoring consequences, attribution of blame, dehumanization, displacement of responsibility, and diffusion of responsibility; Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 1996) were germane in sport. However, the most frequently adopted mechanisms in sport (i.e., displacement and diffusion of responsibility, attribution of blame, minimizing or ignoring consequences, and euphemistic labeling) differed somewhat from those considered most salient in everyday life (i.e., moral justification, ...
Personal and contextual factors have been shown to influence athletes’ disordered eating attitude... more Personal and contextual factors have been shown to influence athletes’ disordered eating attitudes (DEA) that range from strict dietary habits to the severe food restriction of anorexia (Petrie & Greenleaf, 2007). Achievement goals have been recently identified as significant predictors of DEA (de Bruin et al., 2009). The 2x2 achievement goal framework, crossing performance-mastery distinction with approach–avoidance distinction, has been applied to several psychosocial variables and achievement contexts (for reviews see Elliot, 1999, 2005), but never yet to DEA. Moreover, although athletes have suggested that their difficulties with eating occurred when coaches compared their bodies and performances to those of their teammates (Sherman & Thompson, 2006), this construct has not been examined in relation to DEA in the sport context. The purpose of the study was to examine how achievement goals defined in the 2x2 framework and social comparison were related to athletes’ DEA. The sampl...
Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies... more Walking speed and muscular strength are two main markers of health in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that personality traits may predict these two outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Thus, the present study examined whether personality traits are associated with walking speed and muscular strength through the mediating role of subjective age (how young or old individuals experience themselves to be), attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Community-dwelling older women (N = 243; Mage = 73.0; SDage = 6.5) were recruited. For reasons of recruitment feasibility, participants were only older women. They were requested to complete a questionnaire measuring personality, subjective age, attitudes toward aging and physical self-perceptions. Following this, their walking speed and their muscular strength were investigated. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. In line with the literature, we extended the associations between extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and walking speed and between conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and muscular strength. Physical self-perceptions appear to be a robust mediator between personality traits and walking speed whereas attitudes toward aging and subjective age mediated the personality traits/muscular strength relationship. This study provides evidence, for the first time, that the associations between personality traits and physical capacities are different according to the physical capacities investigated. Based on these results, it could be interesting to adapt physical activity interventions to the psychological profile of older adults.
Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs con... more Background The continued prevalence of positive samples to banned performance-enhancing drugs confirms the importance to maintain the anti-doping efforts. Though the role of socio-cognitive variables in doping attitudes is well identified (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014), the role of implicit processes remains sparsely studied in sports’ doping, especially in high level cyclists. While the potential of traditional computer-IAT has been developed to capture individuals’ implicit attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014ab; Schindler et al., 2015), paper-and-pen IAT offers unquestionably ease-of-administration prospects (Chan and al., 2017). The aim of this study was thus to test and provide a preliminary validation of a French paper-and-pen IAT as an alternative method to measure implicit attitudes toward doping: the IAT-Dop. Method This work was based on the testing procedure of the paper-and-pen Personalized Single-Category IAT test (i.e., p&p SC-IAT-P) of Bardin et al. (2016), whi...
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 1, 2013
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Resistive Self-Reg ulatory Efficacy in ... more The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Resistive Self-Reg ulatory Efficacy in Sport Scale (RSRESS) in a French sample. The instrument was developed on the basis of the literature (Bandura et al., 1996). A series of four com plementary studies was carried out with a total sample of 1306 athletes. In the first study, a preliminary version was developed and its clarity was evaluated. The initial factorial analysis identified a one-factor model with good internal consistency. The second study confirmed the factorial structure of the instrument and showed its partial invariance across genders. The third study demonstrated the temporal sta bility of the RSRESS. In the fourth study, the expected relationships between the RSRESS and both moral disengagement and affective self-regulatory efficacy (Ban dura et al., 2001, 2003) were found, supporting the construct validity of the instru ment. The RSRESS thus presents satisfactory psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for developing future research on the role of self-regulatory efficacy in moral issues.
Ce travail s'appuie sur les modeles sociocognitifs de la pensee morale et de l'action de ... more Ce travail s'appuie sur les modeles sociocognitifs de la pensee morale et de l'action de Bandura (1991, 2001, 2003), et de la motivation d'accomplissement de Dweck et Leggett (1988) dans sa reformulation recente (Cury et al., 2006) pour etudier certains antecedents psychosociaux des transgressions en contexte sportif. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude de mecanismes d'autoregulation des conduites de transgression en sport. Nos resultats ont mis en evidence que ces mecanismes autoregulateurs constituaient des facteurs protecteurs des transgressions en contexte sportif. Dans une seconde partie, le modele sociocognitif de la motivation d'accomplissement (Cury et al., 2006; Dweck & Leggett, 1988) a ete utilise pour expliquer le jugement d'acceptabilite de la transgression en contexte sportif. Ensuite, plusieurs etudes experimentales ont montre l'influence des buts motivationnels et des theories implicites de l'habilete sur le comportement de t...
Introduction Plusieurs etudes ont rapporte des liens entre la vitesse de marche des personnes âge... more Introduction Plusieurs etudes ont rapporte des liens entre la vitesse de marche des personnes âgees et certaines caracteristiques psychologiques comme les traits de personnalite [1] ou les stereotypes lies au vieillissement [2] . En revanche, les mecanismes explicatifs de ces relations sont peu connus et la question de leur generalisation a d’autres capacites fonctionnelles reste posee. Cette etude avait pour objet d’examiner les relations entre les traits de personnalite et differentes capacites fonctionnelles par le biais des attitudes vis-a-vis du vieillissement et des perceptions de soi. Methode Cent quarante-neuf personnes âgees (36 ♂ et 113 ♀, 73,8 ± 6,26 ans) presentant differents niveaux de fragilite physique selon les criteres de Fried et al. [3] ont repondu a une batterie de questionnaires valides mesurant leurs traits de personnalite (BFI-FR), attitudes vis-a-vis du vieillissement, âge subjectif, et valeur physique percue (ISP 25). Leurs vitesse de marche (Optogait), forc...
This paper presents the results of two complementary studies that aimed to improve understanding ... more This paper presents the results of two complementary studies that aimed to improve understanding of methods for developing self-regulatory skills in sport. The first (Study 1) investigated the effects of levels of expertise on the self-regulation of transgressive behavior in sport. The second (Study 2) examined the effects of peer education interventions on the development of self-regulatory skills. The Study 1 sample comprised 178 athletes at departmental-regional level and 49 high-level athletes. Study 2 comprised 99 students and 6 high-level sports tutors. Study 1 results showed that high-level athletes saw themselves as more able to resist social pressures and disengaged less than their less-experienced counterparts. Study 2 results showed that peer-education-based interventions affected the tutees’ self-regulatory efficiency scores in resisting social pressures and in social efficacy. These studies suggest that self-regulatory skills improve with increased expertise and appropr...
This article presents the development and validation of the Aging Stereotypes and Exercise Scale ... more This article presents the development and validation of the Aging Stereotypes and Exercise Scale (ASES), which measures different dimensions of aging stereotypes in the exercise domain. Drawing on past research on older adults’ perceived barriers to exercise, these dimensions include stereotypes about positive and negative exercise outcomes for older adults and about older adults’ psychological barriers to exercise (i.e., lack of self-efficacy and motivation). Four studies involving 714 participants examined the factorial structure and invariance, temporal stability, and external validity of the scale. The results supported a 3-factor model that was invariant across age. Age differences in stereotype content appeared, with older adults holding more positive stereotypes than younger adults. Also as predicted, the more older adults endorsed negative stereotypes, the lower their physical self-worth, self-rated health, and subjective age. Last, responses to the ASES appeared to be stabl...
This study was designed to assess athletes’ use of moral disengagement in competitive sport. We c... more This study was designed to assess athletes’ use of moral disengagement in competitive sport. We conducted semistructured interviews with 24 elite male and female athletes in basketball and taekwondo. Participants described transgressive behaviors in competitive situations and reasons for adopting such behaviors. Content analyses revealed that the eight moral disengagement mechanisms identified in everyday Life (i.e., moral justification, advantageous comparison, euphemistic labeling, minimizing or ignoring consequences, attribution of blame, dehumanization, displacement of responsibility, and diffusion of responsibility; Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 1996) were germane in sport. However, the most frequently adopted mechanisms in sport (i.e., displacement and diffusion of responsibility, attribution of blame, minimizing or ignoring consequences, and euphemistic labeling) differed somewhat from those considered most salient in everyday life (i.e., moral justification, ...
Personal and contextual factors have been shown to influence athletes’ disordered eating attitude... more Personal and contextual factors have been shown to influence athletes’ disordered eating attitudes (DEA) that range from strict dietary habits to the severe food restriction of anorexia (Petrie & Greenleaf, 2007). Achievement goals have been recently identified as significant predictors of DEA (de Bruin et al., 2009). The 2x2 achievement goal framework, crossing performance-mastery distinction with approach–avoidance distinction, has been applied to several psychosocial variables and achievement contexts (for reviews see Elliot, 1999, 2005), but never yet to DEA. Moreover, although athletes have suggested that their difficulties with eating occurred when coaches compared their bodies and performances to those of their teammates (Sherman & Thompson, 2006), this construct has not been examined in relation to DEA in the sport context. The purpose of the study was to examine how achievement goals defined in the 2x2 framework and social comparison were related to athletes’ DEA. The sampl...
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