Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotio... more Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotions towards their friends. The emotional communication of friends within the circumplex model is reviewed. Four pairs of opposing emotions—joy versus sadness, acceptance versus disgust, fear versus anger, and surprise versus anticipation comprise the domain of primary emotions. An additional four pairs of opposing emotions—love versus remorse, submission versus contempt, awe versus aggressiveness, and optimism versus disappointment—comprise the domain of secondary emotions. The chapter discusses each of the pairs of opposing emotions. The expressions of joy and sadness in friendships are contingent upon individuals' age as well as gender. Although the propensity towards expressing joy and sadness remains constant, individuals' expression of joy and sadness may become more muted as they develop and presumably succumb to societal norms. In adolescent and adult friendships, individuals may feel aggressive and act accordingly when they expect to be made angry by their peers. Aggressive feelings often are communicated through accusatory “you” statements. Such statements, in turn, may create psychological distance within friendships to the extent that they evoke alienation as well as relationship-threatening, aggressive verbal and nonverbal responses from the recipients of those statements.
This chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theo... more This chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theory, and social justice perspectives in evaluation. We also suggest opportunities for formally educating the next generation of evaluators about ways to identify and address these topics in practice. One of the ways our field can remediate a long history of relegating the importance of these topics is by revamping evaluator training with expanded pedagogy that includes self‐reflection about positionality, and experiential activities aimed at cultivating evaluators who are better equipped to address pressing justice, disparity, and social and public health issues in contemporary global evaluation practice.
This article questions whether social justice can live within the structural racism present in th... more This article questions whether social justice can live within the structural racism present in the field of evaluation. Structural racism refers to the totality of ways in which societies foster racial discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems of housing, education, employment, earnings, benefits, credit, media, health care, and criminal justice. In order for social justice to be a professional standard of evaluation, the field must recognize, identify, and modify persistent learned behaviors associated with structural racism. We assert that all evaluators, regardless of demographic designation, are subject to perpetuating structural and institutional racism, found in the history and systems of the profession, by tacitly accepting the status quo norms of evaluation practice. Current norms, policies, and practices compromise the normalization of social justice in evaluation. Evaluators sanctioned and reinforced by their professional association, the American Evaluation Asso...
The introduction to the section outlines the need for the discussion about race and evaluation, a... more The introduction to the section outlines the need for the discussion about race and evaluation, as well as race in evaluation, and outlines the articles which discuss the topic from a variety of perspectives.
Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--San Francisco State University, 1991. Includes bibliographical referen... more Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--San Francisco State University, 1991. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-47).
Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotio... more Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotions towards their friends. The emotional communication of friends within the circumplex model is reviewed. Four pairs of opposing emotions—joy versus sadness, acceptance versus disgust, fear versus anger, and surprise versus anticipation comprise the domain of primary emotions. An additional four pairs of opposing emotions—love versus remorse, submission versus contempt, awe versus aggressiveness, and optimism versus disappointment—comprise the domain of secondary emotions. The chapter discusses each of the pairs of opposing emotions. The expressions of joy and sadness in friendships are contingent upon individuals' age as well as gender. Although the propensity towards expressing joy and sadness remains constant, individuals' expression of joy and sadness may become more muted as they develop and presumably succumb to societal norms. In adolescent and adult friendships, individuals may feel aggressive and act accordingly when they expect to be made angry by their peers. Aggressive feelings often are communicated through accusatory “you” statements. Such statements, in turn, may create psychological distance within friendships to the extent that they evoke alienation as well as relationship-threatening, aggressive verbal and nonverbal responses from the recipients of those statements.
Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotio... more Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotions towards their friends. The emotional communication of friends within the circumplex model is reviewed. Four pairs of opposing emotions—joy versus sadness, acceptance versus disgust, fear versus anger, and surprise versus anticipation comprise the domain of primary emotions. An additional four pairs of opposing emotions—love versus remorse, submission versus contempt, awe versus aggressiveness, and optimism versus disappointment—comprise the domain of secondary emotions. The chapter discusses each of the pairs of opposing emotions. The expressions of joy and sadness in friendships are contingent upon individuals' age as well as gender. Although the propensity towards expressing joy and sadness remains constant, individuals' expression of joy and sadness may become more muted as they develop and presumably succumb to societal norms. In adolescent and adult friendships, individuals may feel aggressive and act accordingly when they expect to be made angry by their peers. Aggressive feelings often are communicated through accusatory “you” statements. Such statements, in turn, may create psychological distance within friendships to the extent that they evoke alienation as well as relationship-threatening, aggressive verbal and nonverbal responses from the recipients of those statements.
This chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theo... more This chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theory, and social justice perspectives in evaluation. We also suggest opportunities for formally educating the next generation of evaluators about ways to identify and address these topics in practice. One of the ways our field can remediate a long history of relegating the importance of these topics is by revamping evaluator training with expanded pedagogy that includes self‐reflection about positionality, and experiential activities aimed at cultivating evaluators who are better equipped to address pressing justice, disparity, and social and public health issues in contemporary global evaluation practice.
This article questions whether social justice can live within the structural racism present in th... more This article questions whether social justice can live within the structural racism present in the field of evaluation. Structural racism refers to the totality of ways in which societies foster racial discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems of housing, education, employment, earnings, benefits, credit, media, health care, and criminal justice. In order for social justice to be a professional standard of evaluation, the field must recognize, identify, and modify persistent learned behaviors associated with structural racism. We assert that all evaluators, regardless of demographic designation, are subject to perpetuating structural and institutional racism, found in the history and systems of the profession, by tacitly accepting the status quo norms of evaluation practice. Current norms, policies, and practices compromise the normalization of social justice in evaluation. Evaluators sanctioned and reinforced by their professional association, the American Evaluation Asso...
The introduction to the section outlines the need for the discussion about race and evaluation, a... more The introduction to the section outlines the need for the discussion about race and evaluation, as well as race in evaluation, and outlines the articles which discuss the topic from a variety of perspectives.
Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--San Francisco State University, 1991. Includes bibliographical referen... more Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--San Francisco State University, 1991. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-47).
Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotio... more Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the ways in which individuals communicate various emotions towards their friends. The emotional communication of friends within the circumplex model is reviewed. Four pairs of opposing emotions—joy versus sadness, acceptance versus disgust, fear versus anger, and surprise versus anticipation comprise the domain of primary emotions. An additional four pairs of opposing emotions—love versus remorse, submission versus contempt, awe versus aggressiveness, and optimism versus disappointment—comprise the domain of secondary emotions. The chapter discusses each of the pairs of opposing emotions. The expressions of joy and sadness in friendships are contingent upon individuals' age as well as gender. Although the propensity towards expressing joy and sadness remains constant, individuals' expression of joy and sadness may become more muted as they develop and presumably succumb to societal norms. In adolescent and adult friendships, individuals may feel aggressive and act accordingly when they expect to be made angry by their peers. Aggressive feelings often are communicated through accusatory “you” statements. Such statements, in turn, may create psychological distance within friendships to the extent that they evoke alienation as well as relationship-threatening, aggressive verbal and nonverbal responses from the recipients of those statements.
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