Bmal1 (Brain and muscle ARNT like 1) gene is a key circadian clock gene. Tetrapods also have the ... more Bmal1 (Brain and muscle ARNT like 1) gene is a key circadian clock gene. Tetrapods also have the second Bmal gene, Bmal2. Fruit fly has only one bmal1/cycle gene. Interrogation of the five teleost fish genome sequences coupled with phylogenetic and splice site analyses found that zebrafish have two bmal1 genes, bmal1a and bmal1b, and bmal2a; Japanese pufferfish (fugu), green spotted pufferfish (tetraodon) and Japanese medaka fish each have two bmal2 genes, bmal2a and bmal2b, and bmal1a; and three-spine stickleback have bmal1a and bmal2b. Syntenic analysis further indicated that zebrafish bmal1a/bmal1b, and fugu, tetraodon and medaka bmal2a/bmal2b are ancient duplicates. Although the dN/dS ratios of these four fish bmal duplicates are all bmal2a/bmal2b have asymmetric evolutionary rates, suggesting that one of these duplicates have been subject to positive selection or relaxed functional constraint. These results support the notion that teleost fish bmal genes were derived from the fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD), divergent resolution following the duplication led to retaining different ancient bmal duplicates in different fishes, which could have shaped the evolution of the complex teleost fish timekeeping mechanisms.
In this article, I am concerned with the importance of knowledge spaces to the construction and p... more In this article, I am concerned with the importance of knowledge spaces to the construction and politics of scale. I draw together literatures on re-scaling with feminist critiques of knowledge to show how struggles over the scale at which knowledge claims are represented and ...
International Journal of Human-computer Interaction, 2010
The term usability is ubiquitous in human–computer interaction, so much so that it is commonly us... more The term usability is ubiquitous in human–computer interaction, so much so that it is commonly used without definition. Rather than one established meaning of usability, there are, however, multiple images of usability. Although each image provides a partial view, the partiality remains implicit unless confronted with alternative images. This study delineates six images of usability: universal usability, situational usability, perceived usability, hedonic usability, organizational usability, and cultural usability. The different foci of the images provide opportunities for becoming sensitized to manifold aspects of the use of a system and thereby acquiring a genuine understanding of its usability. The six images differ, for example, in the extent to which they include aspects of the outcome of the process of using a system or merely the process of use, whether they involve collaborative use or merely individual use, and in their view of usability as perceived by individuals or shared by groups. Several challenges result from recognizing that usability is a set of images rather than a coherent concept, including a risk of misunderstandings in discussions of usability because participants may assume different images of usability and a need for supplementary methods addressing the collaborative and long-term aspects of usability. Moreover, the images call for extending the scope of practical usability work to include the effects achieved by users during their use of systems for real work.
Tujuan artikel ini bukanlah untuk mengecilkan usaha cemerlang para guru atau pun untuk menilai st... more Tujuan artikel ini bukanlah untuk mengecilkan usaha cemerlang para guru atau pun untuk menilai status mental mereka. Artikel ini bertujuan mempertimbangkan ketepatan definisi dan anggapan berkaitan dengan fenomena kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru, serta membincangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kesihatan mental guru. Di samping itu beberapa program untuk meningkatkan kesihatan mental guru dicadangkan. The importance of the teacher in the educational process is unquestionable. In the educational institution a teacher's role is crucial. The quality, competence, character, and effectiveness of teachers are undoubtedly the most significant factors influencing the quality of education. Hence, it is important for teachers' professional development to create satisfactory work conditions for enhanced effectiveness. Each teacher has a basic need to be understood, accepted, and appreciated as a complete and unique human being. The basic need of the teacher is to strive, fulfill, acquire self-esteem and self-worth so as to build an individual and unique identity. The teaching job in itself is extremely demanding. Teachers work under different management systems and working conditions which affect their psychological state. There is a widespread belief that work-related stress among teachers has serious implication for the teacher's mental health and performance. The working conditions account for stress and burnout feeling in the life of teachers (Mishra & Panda, 1996). Teachers' mental health plays an important role in the teaching-learning process. If the teachers are of unsound mind, they can harm nation in terms of poor teaching and guidance to the students. They cannot do justice to their job. Their maladjustment will not adversely affect their personality but will produce maladjustment tendency in children. This article will now discuss some definitions in relation to mental health. Mental Health: Concept and Definitions The term 'mental' usually implies something which is purely related to the cerebral functioning of a person, and it also stands for one's emotional affective states, the relationships one establishes with others, and a general quality that might be called one's equilibrium in the socio-culture context. The term 'health' refers to more than physical health; it also connotes the individual's intra-psychic balance, the fit of his psychic structure with the external environment, and the individual's social functioning.
The major histocompatibility complex class I genes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune syst... more The major histocompatibility complex class I genes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune system of vertebrates against intracellular pathogens. To date, no class I genes from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) has been reported, even none from species of Ursidae. In this study, we successfully identified three class I genes from a giant panda bacterial artificial chromosome library and designated them as Aime-128, 152, and 1906, respectively. Pairwise sequence alignments revealed that (1) the Aime-1906 always possessed the lowest identities (52–86%) in different regions compared with the Aime-128 and 152 and (2) the Aime-128 also varied from the Aime-152 in the regions of 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 3′ UTR, and exon1, whose similarities were 83%, 87%, and 91%, respectively. Comparison of structure characteristics indicated that the Aime-128 possessed all conserved amino acids important to the function of antigen presentation while the Aime-152 and 1906 presented two and five mutated residues. Analysis of phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the Aime-128, 152, and 1906 were clustered into three different branches with 99% or 100% bootstrap values. As a result, these three kinds of evidence supported that the Aime-1906, 152, and 128 should be derived from different loci. Furthermore, in view of a prestop codon in the exon 7 and patterns of amino acid replacement within alleles, the Aime-1906 gene is predicted to be a nonclassical locus, which is most closely related to dog leukocyte antigen 79 in the phylogenetic tree constructed with various mammalian class I loci.
Assume a finite integer l≥2 and a social choice correspondence Φ mapping each (p, Z) into a nonem... more Assume a finite integer l≥2 and a social choice correspondence Φ mapping each (p, Z) into a nonempty subset Φ (p, Z) of Z, where p is a profile of individual preferences and Z is a set of outcomes of cardinality l or more. Suppose that Φ satisfies Arrow's choice axiom, independence of infeasible alternatives, and the Pareto criterion. If the preference domain is the family of profiles of classical economic preferences over the space of allocations of public goods, then Φ is dictatorial.
Bmal1 (Brain and muscle ARNT like 1) gene is a key circadian clock gene. Tetrapods also have the ... more Bmal1 (Brain and muscle ARNT like 1) gene is a key circadian clock gene. Tetrapods also have the second Bmal gene, Bmal2. Fruit fly has only one bmal1/cycle gene. Interrogation of the five teleost fish genome sequences coupled with phylogenetic and splice site analyses found that zebrafish have two bmal1 genes, bmal1a and bmal1b, and bmal2a; Japanese pufferfish (fugu), green spotted pufferfish (tetraodon) and Japanese medaka fish each have two bmal2 genes, bmal2a and bmal2b, and bmal1a; and three-spine stickleback have bmal1a and bmal2b. Syntenic analysis further indicated that zebrafish bmal1a/bmal1b, and fugu, tetraodon and medaka bmal2a/bmal2b are ancient duplicates. Although the dN/dS ratios of these four fish bmal duplicates are all bmal2a/bmal2b have asymmetric evolutionary rates, suggesting that one of these duplicates have been subject to positive selection or relaxed functional constraint. These results support the notion that teleost fish bmal genes were derived from the fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD), divergent resolution following the duplication led to retaining different ancient bmal duplicates in different fishes, which could have shaped the evolution of the complex teleost fish timekeeping mechanisms.
In this article, I am concerned with the importance of knowledge spaces to the construction and p... more In this article, I am concerned with the importance of knowledge spaces to the construction and politics of scale. I draw together literatures on re-scaling with feminist critiques of knowledge to show how struggles over the scale at which knowledge claims are represented and ...
International Journal of Human-computer Interaction, 2010
The term usability is ubiquitous in human–computer interaction, so much so that it is commonly us... more The term usability is ubiquitous in human–computer interaction, so much so that it is commonly used without definition. Rather than one established meaning of usability, there are, however, multiple images of usability. Although each image provides a partial view, the partiality remains implicit unless confronted with alternative images. This study delineates six images of usability: universal usability, situational usability, perceived usability, hedonic usability, organizational usability, and cultural usability. The different foci of the images provide opportunities for becoming sensitized to manifold aspects of the use of a system and thereby acquiring a genuine understanding of its usability. The six images differ, for example, in the extent to which they include aspects of the outcome of the process of using a system or merely the process of use, whether they involve collaborative use or merely individual use, and in their view of usability as perceived by individuals or shared by groups. Several challenges result from recognizing that usability is a set of images rather than a coherent concept, including a risk of misunderstandings in discussions of usability because participants may assume different images of usability and a need for supplementary methods addressing the collaborative and long-term aspects of usability. Moreover, the images call for extending the scope of practical usability work to include the effects achieved by users during their use of systems for real work.
Tujuan artikel ini bukanlah untuk mengecilkan usaha cemerlang para guru atau pun untuk menilai st... more Tujuan artikel ini bukanlah untuk mengecilkan usaha cemerlang para guru atau pun untuk menilai status mental mereka. Artikel ini bertujuan mempertimbangkan ketepatan definisi dan anggapan berkaitan dengan fenomena kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru, serta membincangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kesihatan mental guru. Di samping itu beberapa program untuk meningkatkan kesihatan mental guru dicadangkan. The importance of the teacher in the educational process is unquestionable. In the educational institution a teacher's role is crucial. The quality, competence, character, and effectiveness of teachers are undoubtedly the most significant factors influencing the quality of education. Hence, it is important for teachers' professional development to create satisfactory work conditions for enhanced effectiveness. Each teacher has a basic need to be understood, accepted, and appreciated as a complete and unique human being. The basic need of the teacher is to strive, fulfill, acquire self-esteem and self-worth so as to build an individual and unique identity. The teaching job in itself is extremely demanding. Teachers work under different management systems and working conditions which affect their psychological state. There is a widespread belief that work-related stress among teachers has serious implication for the teacher's mental health and performance. The working conditions account for stress and burnout feeling in the life of teachers (Mishra & Panda, 1996). Teachers' mental health plays an important role in the teaching-learning process. If the teachers are of unsound mind, they can harm nation in terms of poor teaching and guidance to the students. They cannot do justice to their job. Their maladjustment will not adversely affect their personality but will produce maladjustment tendency in children. This article will now discuss some definitions in relation to mental health. Mental Health: Concept and Definitions The term 'mental' usually implies something which is purely related to the cerebral functioning of a person, and it also stands for one's emotional affective states, the relationships one establishes with others, and a general quality that might be called one's equilibrium in the socio-culture context. The term 'health' refers to more than physical health; it also connotes the individual's intra-psychic balance, the fit of his psychic structure with the external environment, and the individual's social functioning.
The major histocompatibility complex class I genes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune syst... more The major histocompatibility complex class I genes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune system of vertebrates against intracellular pathogens. To date, no class I genes from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) has been reported, even none from species of Ursidae. In this study, we successfully identified three class I genes from a giant panda bacterial artificial chromosome library and designated them as Aime-128, 152, and 1906, respectively. Pairwise sequence alignments revealed that (1) the Aime-1906 always possessed the lowest identities (52–86%) in different regions compared with the Aime-128 and 152 and (2) the Aime-128 also varied from the Aime-152 in the regions of 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 3′ UTR, and exon1, whose similarities were 83%, 87%, and 91%, respectively. Comparison of structure characteristics indicated that the Aime-128 possessed all conserved amino acids important to the function of antigen presentation while the Aime-152 and 1906 presented two and five mutated residues. Analysis of phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the Aime-128, 152, and 1906 were clustered into three different branches with 99% or 100% bootstrap values. As a result, these three kinds of evidence supported that the Aime-1906, 152, and 128 should be derived from different loci. Furthermore, in view of a prestop codon in the exon 7 and patterns of amino acid replacement within alleles, the Aime-1906 gene is predicted to be a nonclassical locus, which is most closely related to dog leukocyte antigen 79 in the phylogenetic tree constructed with various mammalian class I loci.
Assume a finite integer l≥2 and a social choice correspondence Φ mapping each (p, Z) into a nonem... more Assume a finite integer l≥2 and a social choice correspondence Φ mapping each (p, Z) into a nonempty subset Φ (p, Z) of Z, where p is a profile of individual preferences and Z is a set of outcomes of cardinality l or more. Suppose that Φ satisfies Arrow's choice axiom, independence of infeasible alternatives, and the Pareto criterion. If the preference domain is the family of profiles of classical economic preferences over the space of allocations of public goods, then Φ is dictatorial.
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