2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2016
Soil texture is considered as an important environment factor for agricultural growth. It is the ... more Soil texture is considered as an important environment factor for agricultural growth. It is the most essential part for soil classification in large scale. Today the precise soil information in large scale is of great demand from various stakeholders including soil scientists, environmental managers, land use planners and traditional agricultural users. With the increasing demand of soil properties in fine scale spatial resolution made the traditional laboratory methods inadequate. In addition the costs of soil analysis with precision agriculture systems are more expensive than traditional methods. In this regard, the application of geo-spatial techniques can be used as an alternative for examining soil analysis. This study aims to examine the ability of Geo-spatial techniques in identifying the spatial patterns of soil attributes in fine scale. Around 30 samples of soil were collected from the different areas of Thatta Tehsil, Sindh, Pakistan for analyzing soil texture. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis was used to relate the reflectance values of Landsat8 OLI imagery with the soil variables. The analysis showed there was a significant relationship (p<;0.05) of band 2 and 5 with silt% (R2 = 0.52), and band 4 and 6 with clay% (R2 =0.40). The equation derived from OLS analysis was then used for the whole study area for deriving soil attributes. The USDA textural classification triangle was implementing for the derivation of soil texture map in GIS environment. The outcome revealed that the `sandy loam' was in great quantity followed by loam, sandy clay loam and clay loam. The outcome shows that the Geo-spatial techniques could be used efficiently for mapping soil texture of a larger area in fine scale. This technology helped in decreasing cost, time and increase detailed information by reducing field work to a considerable level.
2019 Sixth International Conference on Aerospace Science and Engineering (ICASE)
Wet snow is an early indicator of snow melting in an area. Increase in liquid water content in sn... more Wet snow is an early indicator of snow melting in an area. Increase in liquid water content in snow pack leads to snow wetness. Synthetic aperture radar bands are highly sensitive to snow wetness due to presence of water on snow surface. Spaceborne Sentinel-1 data provides the capability to produce snow maps during spring and summer season which can be used in hydrological and watershed studies. Nagler's wet snow algorithm was applied through GEE in Deosai region which has relatively uniform elevation than surrounding areas and it is covered completely by snow most of the year. Downloading and processing of SAR data is laborious and time taking process which brings the need of a modern solution. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is cloud based, planetary scale remote sensing platform which has a wide range of remote sensing data. GEE has ready-to-use Sentinel-1 GRD product with optical remote sensing data and meteorological data. Algorithm was tested on GEE for study area for the month of June against Sentinel-2 Normalized Difference Snow Index. Wet snow was mapped with an accuracy of 0.8. Methodology was also applied to generate monthly wet snow maps to understand the snow melting period and snowmelt dynamics. Monthly maps of wet snow were generated and wet snow was detectable from March to July in Deosai region.
IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Lakes are one of the primary sources of fresh water, and theirsize variations provide information... more Lakes are one of the primary sources of fresh water, and theirsize variations provide information critical to their sustainable management in the backdrop of seasonal and climatic changes. Satellite-based optical images and radar altimetertogether have provided significant advances in monitoring inland water bodies like lakes and reservoirs, and asses its water storage capacity. Optical imageries are usually good for identifying the extent of lakes with a certain margin of error, whereas Satellite radar altimetry is helpful in monitoring temporal variations in water surface heights.This study focuses on the method used to monitor MancharLake’s surface area along with its volume. Time series altimetry data provided by European satellite Sentinel 3and optical data of Landsat 8 (30m spatial resolution) were used to calculate area, while temporal analysis wasperformed to generate lake boundaries usingNormalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The lake volume was estimated by using water level variation from altimetry and surface area. Further, a relationship between Rating curves and volume was developed in order to calculate water flow at different outlets of Manchar Lake.
IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Hydrological cycle is comprised of many constituents, the most important of which is precipitatio... more Hydrological cycle is comprised of many constituents, the most important of which is precipitation. Simulation results greatly depend upon the quality of precipitation data as it is entered as the primary input for hydrological model simulations. Due to its chronological and spatial unpredictability, rainfall is considered as one of the most unreliable and irregular atmospheric parameters and therefore rain gauges serve as the main resource of measurement of rainfall. Rain-gauge network is the most commonly used source for rainfall measurement as it works by offering direct measurements of precipitation intensity and time duration at individual point sites. The collected information is further used by Meteorologists, hydrologists and weather reporters who subsequently report how much rain was received in a specific area in an individual event as well as in a particular span of time. Over the years, researchers have been trying to overcome the difficulties faced in the installation of rain gauge networks. The main reason for the errors occurring in the aerial rainfall data for a region is inadequate gauge density. Due to rapidly increasing urbanization and climate change, critical attention is being paid not only to rainfall monitoring but also to the urban waterlogging. Siting selection methods that are used conventionally do not contemplate the environmental surroundings and spatial-temporal scale to choose a site for rain gauge networks. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe and calculate the need of additional numbers of rain gauges in an area of interest. To execute the intended purpose, the technique of "Estimation of Optimum number of Rain Gauges proposed by Das & Saikia" is used, whereas the appropriate site selection for rain gauges in study area is determined using "Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)" using Geographic Information System (GIS). The variables which were incorporated for multi criteria assessment include; elevation, slope, rainfall data (2010), land use/cover, and exiting number of rain gauges in study area. A scale ranges from 1 to 3, "1" being the least suitable, "2" being mildly suitable and "3" being the highly suitable. A site suitability map of the study area is drawn by overlaying these layers in GIS. Results of the experiment exhibit that the suggested methods are appropriate for site selection for rain gauges in urban areas which will also play an important role in the selection of the sites for hydrological facilities, such as water gauge.
The study aims to determine the level-area-volume relationship for the newly constructed Darawat ... more The study aims to determine the level-area-volume relationship for the newly constructed Darawat reservoir on non-perennial channels located in the Kirthar National park in Jamshoro district of Sindh, Pakistan. Landsat-8, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and In-situ data, were used. A set of equations represented the relationship between three parameters (Level-area-volume) derived from five different models (exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial, and power). Results showed a significant relationship in Level-area-volume. The coefficient of determination showed relationships for water level-surface area range from 0.941 to 0.991, for water level-volume a range reflected from 0.943 to 0.998, and for area-volume represented a range from 0.928 to 0.994. The study estimated results validated by the percentage difference (PD), the root means square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) using surface areas of the year ...
IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2020
Image fusion is a technique that integrates complementary information from multiple remote sensin... more Image fusion is a technique that integrates complementary information from multiple remote sensing images such that the fused image is more suitable for processing task and information extraction. Passive sensors are capable of sensing the reflected electromagnetic energy in the visible and infrared region while active sensors provide additional information using microwave region. This broad spectrum provides more information of earth surface as compared to optical data alone. This study compares the land cover classification results of optical imagery (Landsat-8) and fused imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 VV polarized data). The image fusion was then performed using wavelet transformation technique. The data were classified into four classes namely water bodies, built-up area, vegetation cover, and barren land. Google Earth and Landsat imagery were used as a reference image for accuracy assessment. The fused image showed higher accuracy than optical image i.e. Kappa coefficient increased from 0.78 to 0.9 and overall accuracy increased from 89.4% to 92.7%. This study indicates that multi-source information i.e., image fusion can significantly improve the interpretation and accuracy of classification
2019 Sixth International Conference on Aerospace Science and Engineering (ICASE), 2019
In this study a multi-criteria analysis model of GIS has been developed to map the susceptibility... more In this study a multi-criteria analysis model of GIS has been developed to map the susceptibility of coral reef based on various environmental indicators. For this there is a need to understand the pattern of coral susceptibility to environmental indicators including sea surface temperature (SST) which is continuously changing due to the global climate. The Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) has been selected as the study area which includes waters of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The purpose of this study is to highlight most vulnerable areas of coral bleaching in the NIO by using multicriteria analysis (MCA). Remotely sensed environmental indicators including SST, aragonite saturation state, bathymetry, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), wind velocity, and reef slope were used to observe the susceptibility of coral reefs in NIO. Existing bleaching sites of corals were overlaid with susceptibility map obtained by MCA. The coast of Sri Lanka, South India, Maldives, Oman and British Indian ocean territory were found to be in the highly susceptible zone of coral bleaching. GIS-based MCA proved to be an efficient technique to analyze the suitable or unsuitable conditions for coral reef susceptibility.
This work is an analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy-Man . The main purpose of this paper i... more This work is an analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy-Man . The main purpose of this paper is to show or underlying the problems of women in the novel. The novel shows the real picture of the era that how the males behave with the women. Bapsi Sidhwa presents disobedience of human rights and bad conditions during the partition of subcontinent in 1947. Through this character of Lenny, Sidhwa provides the scene of how the political changes affect the people of Subcontinent. The novel really represents the scene that how women suffer at that time and they spent their time. Men using their mind powers to fulfill the needs and use women in negative way, all stress on women. Sidhwa as a writer tells about the power mind and skills of women. So we use feministic theory to analyze this novel. Feminism is a progress which plays a very massive role in highlighting the problems of women. So there is inequality in society and women are suppressed by the hands of men. Bapsi Sidhwa shows the...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2016
The social norms in writings were going to be changed with the new approaches which were coming i... more The social norms in writings were going to be changed with the new approaches which were coming in it. The writers were focusing on more and more imaginative and fanatic writings. Generally it is assumed that Literature is said to the expression of human life. The nation having strong language will have good literature and will some positive effect on others. The literature may differ from age to age and origin to origin. There are different areas of literature which show the different cultures and the eras in the world. World is comprised of different cultures and its own ways of life in every part. For example we can say that the life style in Africa is not applicable in Europe and that of Europe is not easily followed in Asia. This study will together investigate the poetry of William Wordsworth and Ameer Hamza Shinwari in a way. The poetry of Wordsworth and Shinwari have been critically analyzed, investigated and explored from many aspects but this study is unique in the sense t...
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2021
Abstract Waterbody extraction in the high-elevated region of the Tibetan Plateau from remote sens... more Abstract Waterbody extraction in the high-elevated region of the Tibetan Plateau from remote sensing imagery is an efficient way to investigate and monitor water resources. The intrusion of shadows, snow/ice, and other impediments are still unconvincing in cryospheric regions. Landsat 8 OLI images were used to extract water bodies by applying various spectral indices such as; Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI_sh), New Water Index (NWI), Water Ratio Index (WRI), and LST based Water Extraction Index (LBWEI). The result showed that the LBWEI index has high accuracy in all weather conditions from 93.66% to 97.63% and improved consistency around 3% to 7% as compared to other techniques. The study suggests the LBWEI technique may be used in the cryospheric region for quick evaluation and provide the baseline information for researchers in algorithm developments.
2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2016
Now-a-days with the advancement of satellite based remote sensing technologies, spatial drought m... more Now-a-days with the advancement of satellite based remote sensing technologies, spatial drought monitoring and assessment has become feasible. Drought can be significantly monitored with the satellite data. Pakistan has often undergone short and long periods of drought. In this paper, 2014 drought occurrence in Mithi taluka (district Tharparkar) was analyzed during 2010-2014. 16 days composite of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Index MOD13Q1 product and Land Surface Temperature (LST) eight days composite product MOD11A2 were acquired from NASA. Local rainfall statistics was acquired for the period 2010 to 2014 to monitor drought. Results show that Vegetation Supply Water Index (VSWI) was quite low, indicating that the vegetation transpiration rate has declined. This confirmed the occurrence of drought. VSWI values in first six months (January to June) 2010 depicted that drought was severe as compared to 2013 and 2014. NDVI and LST maximum values were correlated to identify the drought event from May to October. A strong negative correlation (R2 =0.8255) was observed in 2010 indicating severe drought and this negative correlation trend weakened gradually from 2010 to 2014. A very weak negative correlation (R2 = 0.2753) estimated in 2014 indicating that there might not be a drought in 2014. The weakening trend was seen for the entire period from 2010 to 2014.
2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2015
Water is one of the primary requisites for the existence of life. Overutilization of this critica... more Water is one of the primary requisites for the existence of life. Overutilization of this critical wealth is threatening our ecosystems as well as the life of future generations. To change pressure on this natural resource, there is a need to find out potential sites of groundwater using modern techniques. The aim of this study is to determine groundwater potential zones using consolidation of Remote Sensing and GIS technique. The data used for this study includes 30 meter resolution ASTER GDEM, Landsat 8 imagery and existing Geological and Soil maps. Using these data, different thematic layers were developed i.e. slope, drainage density, lineaments density, geological, soil and land cover maps. Lineaments were carried out by visual interpretation of different band combinations. Weightage are assigned based on their capability to store groundwater. These were then integrated with weighted overlay in ArcGIS to get potential zones of ground water. The groundwater potential zones were then classified into five categories like excellent, good, moderate, poor and very poor. Produced ground water potential zone map were compared and validated by existing hand pumps and well data obtained from different localities of the project area. This study specifically show that Geo-spatial techniques with compounding of field data could be used for the determination of ground water potential zones. It can be considered as a time and cost-efficient practice for depiction and designation of high potential ground water target areas.
Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 2018
Penis enlargement, here and there called male improvement, alludes to a variety of methods planne... more Penis enlargement, here and there called male improvement, alludes to a variety of methods planned to build the size, length, or erectile inflexibility of the human penis. Systems extend from manual activities to extending gadgets and surgical methods, with reports of triumphs and disappointments around the globe. As far back as the advancement of humanity, penis has been viewed as the most vital part of a male body which is in charge of proliferation. A solid and solid penis is coveted by each man. In the event that a man has an immature penis or on the off chance that it doesn't work legitimately while having intercourse the individual may fall into misery and despicable feeling about himself. Sanda (Saara hardwickii), commonly known as Hardwicke's spiny-tailed lizard or the Indian spiny-tailed lizard is a species of agamid lizard found patchily distributed in the Thar desert, Kutch, and surrounding arid zones in India and Pakistan.
2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2016
Soil texture is considered as an important environment factor for agricultural growth. It is the ... more Soil texture is considered as an important environment factor for agricultural growth. It is the most essential part for soil classification in large scale. Today the precise soil information in large scale is of great demand from various stakeholders including soil scientists, environmental managers, land use planners and traditional agricultural users. With the increasing demand of soil properties in fine scale spatial resolution made the traditional laboratory methods inadequate. In addition the costs of soil analysis with precision agriculture systems are more expensive than traditional methods. In this regard, the application of geo-spatial techniques can be used as an alternative for examining soil analysis. This study aims to examine the ability of Geo-spatial techniques in identifying the spatial patterns of soil attributes in fine scale. Around 30 samples of soil were collected from the different areas of Thatta Tehsil, Sindh, Pakistan for analyzing soil texture. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis was used to relate the reflectance values of Landsat8 OLI imagery with the soil variables. The analysis showed there was a significant relationship (p<;0.05) of band 2 and 5 with silt% (R2 = 0.52), and band 4 and 6 with clay% (R2 =0.40). The equation derived from OLS analysis was then used for the whole study area for deriving soil attributes. The USDA textural classification triangle was implementing for the derivation of soil texture map in GIS environment. The outcome revealed that the `sandy loam' was in great quantity followed by loam, sandy clay loam and clay loam. The outcome shows that the Geo-spatial techniques could be used efficiently for mapping soil texture of a larger area in fine scale. This technology helped in decreasing cost, time and increase detailed information by reducing field work to a considerable level.
2019 Sixth International Conference on Aerospace Science and Engineering (ICASE)
Wet snow is an early indicator of snow melting in an area. Increase in liquid water content in sn... more Wet snow is an early indicator of snow melting in an area. Increase in liquid water content in snow pack leads to snow wetness. Synthetic aperture radar bands are highly sensitive to snow wetness due to presence of water on snow surface. Spaceborne Sentinel-1 data provides the capability to produce snow maps during spring and summer season which can be used in hydrological and watershed studies. Nagler's wet snow algorithm was applied through GEE in Deosai region which has relatively uniform elevation than surrounding areas and it is covered completely by snow most of the year. Downloading and processing of SAR data is laborious and time taking process which brings the need of a modern solution. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is cloud based, planetary scale remote sensing platform which has a wide range of remote sensing data. GEE has ready-to-use Sentinel-1 GRD product with optical remote sensing data and meteorological data. Algorithm was tested on GEE for study area for the month of June against Sentinel-2 Normalized Difference Snow Index. Wet snow was mapped with an accuracy of 0.8. Methodology was also applied to generate monthly wet snow maps to understand the snow melting period and snowmelt dynamics. Monthly maps of wet snow were generated and wet snow was detectable from March to July in Deosai region.
IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Lakes are one of the primary sources of fresh water, and theirsize variations provide information... more Lakes are one of the primary sources of fresh water, and theirsize variations provide information critical to their sustainable management in the backdrop of seasonal and climatic changes. Satellite-based optical images and radar altimetertogether have provided significant advances in monitoring inland water bodies like lakes and reservoirs, and asses its water storage capacity. Optical imageries are usually good for identifying the extent of lakes with a certain margin of error, whereas Satellite radar altimetry is helpful in monitoring temporal variations in water surface heights.This study focuses on the method used to monitor MancharLake’s surface area along with its volume. Time series altimetry data provided by European satellite Sentinel 3and optical data of Landsat 8 (30m spatial resolution) were used to calculate area, while temporal analysis wasperformed to generate lake boundaries usingNormalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The lake volume was estimated by using water level variation from altimetry and surface area. Further, a relationship between Rating curves and volume was developed in order to calculate water flow at different outlets of Manchar Lake.
IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
Hydrological cycle is comprised of many constituents, the most important of which is precipitatio... more Hydrological cycle is comprised of many constituents, the most important of which is precipitation. Simulation results greatly depend upon the quality of precipitation data as it is entered as the primary input for hydrological model simulations. Due to its chronological and spatial unpredictability, rainfall is considered as one of the most unreliable and irregular atmospheric parameters and therefore rain gauges serve as the main resource of measurement of rainfall. Rain-gauge network is the most commonly used source for rainfall measurement as it works by offering direct measurements of precipitation intensity and time duration at individual point sites. The collected information is further used by Meteorologists, hydrologists and weather reporters who subsequently report how much rain was received in a specific area in an individual event as well as in a particular span of time. Over the years, researchers have been trying to overcome the difficulties faced in the installation of rain gauge networks. The main reason for the errors occurring in the aerial rainfall data for a region is inadequate gauge density. Due to rapidly increasing urbanization and climate change, critical attention is being paid not only to rainfall monitoring but also to the urban waterlogging. Siting selection methods that are used conventionally do not contemplate the environmental surroundings and spatial-temporal scale to choose a site for rain gauge networks. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe and calculate the need of additional numbers of rain gauges in an area of interest. To execute the intended purpose, the technique of "Estimation of Optimum number of Rain Gauges proposed by Das & Saikia" is used, whereas the appropriate site selection for rain gauges in study area is determined using "Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)" using Geographic Information System (GIS). The variables which were incorporated for multi criteria assessment include; elevation, slope, rainfall data (2010), land use/cover, and exiting number of rain gauges in study area. A scale ranges from 1 to 3, "1" being the least suitable, "2" being mildly suitable and "3" being the highly suitable. A site suitability map of the study area is drawn by overlaying these layers in GIS. Results of the experiment exhibit that the suggested methods are appropriate for site selection for rain gauges in urban areas which will also play an important role in the selection of the sites for hydrological facilities, such as water gauge.
The study aims to determine the level-area-volume relationship for the newly constructed Darawat ... more The study aims to determine the level-area-volume relationship for the newly constructed Darawat reservoir on non-perennial channels located in the Kirthar National park in Jamshoro district of Sindh, Pakistan. Landsat-8, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and In-situ data, were used. A set of equations represented the relationship between three parameters (Level-area-volume) derived from five different models (exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial, and power). Results showed a significant relationship in Level-area-volume. The coefficient of determination showed relationships for water level-surface area range from 0.941 to 0.991, for water level-volume a range reflected from 0.943 to 0.998, and for area-volume represented a range from 0.928 to 0.994. The study estimated results validated by the percentage difference (PD), the root means square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) using surface areas of the year ...
IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2020
Image fusion is a technique that integrates complementary information from multiple remote sensin... more Image fusion is a technique that integrates complementary information from multiple remote sensing images such that the fused image is more suitable for processing task and information extraction. Passive sensors are capable of sensing the reflected electromagnetic energy in the visible and infrared region while active sensors provide additional information using microwave region. This broad spectrum provides more information of earth surface as compared to optical data alone. This study compares the land cover classification results of optical imagery (Landsat-8) and fused imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 VV polarized data). The image fusion was then performed using wavelet transformation technique. The data were classified into four classes namely water bodies, built-up area, vegetation cover, and barren land. Google Earth and Landsat imagery were used as a reference image for accuracy assessment. The fused image showed higher accuracy than optical image i.e. Kappa coefficient increased from 0.78 to 0.9 and overall accuracy increased from 89.4% to 92.7%. This study indicates that multi-source information i.e., image fusion can significantly improve the interpretation and accuracy of classification
2019 Sixth International Conference on Aerospace Science and Engineering (ICASE), 2019
In this study a multi-criteria analysis model of GIS has been developed to map the susceptibility... more In this study a multi-criteria analysis model of GIS has been developed to map the susceptibility of coral reef based on various environmental indicators. For this there is a need to understand the pattern of coral susceptibility to environmental indicators including sea surface temperature (SST) which is continuously changing due to the global climate. The Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) has been selected as the study area which includes waters of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The purpose of this study is to highlight most vulnerable areas of coral bleaching in the NIO by using multicriteria analysis (MCA). Remotely sensed environmental indicators including SST, aragonite saturation state, bathymetry, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), wind velocity, and reef slope were used to observe the susceptibility of coral reefs in NIO. Existing bleaching sites of corals were overlaid with susceptibility map obtained by MCA. The coast of Sri Lanka, South India, Maldives, Oman and British Indian ocean territory were found to be in the highly susceptible zone of coral bleaching. GIS-based MCA proved to be an efficient technique to analyze the suitable or unsuitable conditions for coral reef susceptibility.
This work is an analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy-Man . The main purpose of this paper i... more This work is an analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy-Man . The main purpose of this paper is to show or underlying the problems of women in the novel. The novel shows the real picture of the era that how the males behave with the women. Bapsi Sidhwa presents disobedience of human rights and bad conditions during the partition of subcontinent in 1947. Through this character of Lenny, Sidhwa provides the scene of how the political changes affect the people of Subcontinent. The novel really represents the scene that how women suffer at that time and they spent their time. Men using their mind powers to fulfill the needs and use women in negative way, all stress on women. Sidhwa as a writer tells about the power mind and skills of women. So we use feministic theory to analyze this novel. Feminism is a progress which plays a very massive role in highlighting the problems of women. So there is inequality in society and women are suppressed by the hands of men. Bapsi Sidhwa shows the...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2016
The social norms in writings were going to be changed with the new approaches which were coming i... more The social norms in writings were going to be changed with the new approaches which were coming in it. The writers were focusing on more and more imaginative and fanatic writings. Generally it is assumed that Literature is said to the expression of human life. The nation having strong language will have good literature and will some positive effect on others. The literature may differ from age to age and origin to origin. There are different areas of literature which show the different cultures and the eras in the world. World is comprised of different cultures and its own ways of life in every part. For example we can say that the life style in Africa is not applicable in Europe and that of Europe is not easily followed in Asia. This study will together investigate the poetry of William Wordsworth and Ameer Hamza Shinwari in a way. The poetry of Wordsworth and Shinwari have been critically analyzed, investigated and explored from many aspects but this study is unique in the sense t...
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2021
Abstract Waterbody extraction in the high-elevated region of the Tibetan Plateau from remote sens... more Abstract Waterbody extraction in the high-elevated region of the Tibetan Plateau from remote sensing imagery is an efficient way to investigate and monitor water resources. The intrusion of shadows, snow/ice, and other impediments are still unconvincing in cryospheric regions. Landsat 8 OLI images were used to extract water bodies by applying various spectral indices such as; Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI_sh), New Water Index (NWI), Water Ratio Index (WRI), and LST based Water Extraction Index (LBWEI). The result showed that the LBWEI index has high accuracy in all weather conditions from 93.66% to 97.63% and improved consistency around 3% to 7% as compared to other techniques. The study suggests the LBWEI technique may be used in the cryospheric region for quick evaluation and provide the baseline information for researchers in algorithm developments.
2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2016
Now-a-days with the advancement of satellite based remote sensing technologies, spatial drought m... more Now-a-days with the advancement of satellite based remote sensing technologies, spatial drought monitoring and assessment has become feasible. Drought can be significantly monitored with the satellite data. Pakistan has often undergone short and long periods of drought. In this paper, 2014 drought occurrence in Mithi taluka (district Tharparkar) was analyzed during 2010-2014. 16 days composite of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Index MOD13Q1 product and Land Surface Temperature (LST) eight days composite product MOD11A2 were acquired from NASA. Local rainfall statistics was acquired for the period 2010 to 2014 to monitor drought. Results show that Vegetation Supply Water Index (VSWI) was quite low, indicating that the vegetation transpiration rate has declined. This confirmed the occurrence of drought. VSWI values in first six months (January to June) 2010 depicted that drought was severe as compared to 2013 and 2014. NDVI and LST maximum values were correlated to identify the drought event from May to October. A strong negative correlation (R2 =0.8255) was observed in 2010 indicating severe drought and this negative correlation trend weakened gradually from 2010 to 2014. A very weak negative correlation (R2 = 0.2753) estimated in 2014 indicating that there might not be a drought in 2014. The weakening trend was seen for the entire period from 2010 to 2014.
2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2015
Water is one of the primary requisites for the existence of life. Overutilization of this critica... more Water is one of the primary requisites for the existence of life. Overutilization of this critical wealth is threatening our ecosystems as well as the life of future generations. To change pressure on this natural resource, there is a need to find out potential sites of groundwater using modern techniques. The aim of this study is to determine groundwater potential zones using consolidation of Remote Sensing and GIS technique. The data used for this study includes 30 meter resolution ASTER GDEM, Landsat 8 imagery and existing Geological and Soil maps. Using these data, different thematic layers were developed i.e. slope, drainage density, lineaments density, geological, soil and land cover maps. Lineaments were carried out by visual interpretation of different band combinations. Weightage are assigned based on their capability to store groundwater. These were then integrated with weighted overlay in ArcGIS to get potential zones of ground water. The groundwater potential zones were then classified into five categories like excellent, good, moderate, poor and very poor. Produced ground water potential zone map were compared and validated by existing hand pumps and well data obtained from different localities of the project area. This study specifically show that Geo-spatial techniques with compounding of field data could be used for the determination of ground water potential zones. It can be considered as a time and cost-efficient practice for depiction and designation of high potential ground water target areas.
Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 2018
Penis enlargement, here and there called male improvement, alludes to a variety of methods planne... more Penis enlargement, here and there called male improvement, alludes to a variety of methods planned to build the size, length, or erectile inflexibility of the human penis. Systems extend from manual activities to extending gadgets and surgical methods, with reports of triumphs and disappointments around the globe. As far back as the advancement of humanity, penis has been viewed as the most vital part of a male body which is in charge of proliferation. A solid and solid penis is coveted by each man. In the event that a man has an immature penis or on the off chance that it doesn't work legitimately while having intercourse the individual may fall into misery and despicable feeling about himself. Sanda (Saara hardwickii), commonly known as Hardwicke's spiny-tailed lizard or the Indian spiny-tailed lizard is a species of agamid lizard found patchily distributed in the Thar desert, Kutch, and surrounding arid zones in India and Pakistan.
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Papers by Rao N O U M A N Khalil