Pettigrew and Meertens's (1995) scale attempts to distinguish between subtle and blatant form... more Pettigrew and Meertens's (1995) scale attempts to distinguish between subtle and blatant forms of prejudice. In this paper we sought to test the validity of the measures included in the scale. We argue that the subtle prejudice scale lacks construct validity due mainly to two major flaws of the scale: first, the construct was operationalized via some items which do not show discriminant validity with the blatant prejudice measures; second, some subtle prejudice items just measure perception of cultural differences, but it is unclear whether the perception of cultural differences unambiguously reflects prejudice. A group of 356 Italian participants filled out measures of subtle and blatant prejudice, ethnocentrism, and political orientation. Results show that most indicators of subtle prejudice actually belong to the traditional general prejudice factor. The cultural differences sub-scale fails to achieve concurrent validity, suggesting that this scale is weakly related to the subtle prejudice construct; moreover, we show that the cultural differences subscale, if considered an indicator of subtle prejudice, leads to misleading results and interpretations
We propose that individual differences in the motivation to avoid emotions are related to politic... more We propose that individual differences in the motivation to avoid emotions are related to political conservatism. We argue that because conservatism is concerned with managing uncertainty and emphasizes ego-control, conservative ideologies match with the motivational concerns of those individuals who find emotions to be uncertainty-enhancing and dysfunctional. In a group of 267 participants, positive associations were found between emotion avoidance
Ecotourism in natural protected areas is receiving growing international recognition as a means t... more Ecotourism in natural protected areas is receiving growing international recognition as a means to enhance sustainability. Nonetheless, research on ecotourism and, in particular, on young ecotourists segmentation is still scarce. This study aimed at segmenting the market of young tourists using a range of psychosociological factors. First, a sample of 365 young tourists was segmented on the basis of holiday motivations (considered driving factors of attitudes and behaviors). Second, each group identified was characterized by a consistent set of other psychosociological variables, such as personality traits, personal values, general environmental beliefs, and behavioral variables (ecotourism behavioral intentions and consumption habits). The results show that about 80% of the sample would be open to the ecotourism, and different communication strategies for promoting ecotourism for different segments of potential ecotourists are also proposed.
Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conser... more Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conservatives less other–regarding than liberals? On the basis of past theorising, we hypothesised that, relative to individuals with prosocial orientations, those with individualistic and competitive orientations should be more likely to endorse conservative political preferences and vote for conservative parties. This hypothesis was supported in three independent studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the Netherlands (Study 3). Consistent with hypotheses, a cross–sectional study revealed that individualists and competitors endorsed stronger conservative political preferences than did prosocials; moreover, this effect was independent of the association between need for structure and conservative political preferences (Study 1). The predicted association of social value orientation and voting was observed in both a four–week (Study 2) and an eight–month (Study 3) longitudinal study. ...
ABSTRACT We aimed at replicating and extending recent findings about the relationships between th... more ABSTRACT We aimed at replicating and extending recent findings about the relationships between the specific aspects entailed by Honesty–Humility and Openness to Experience and ideological attitudes. Study 1 (N = 820) indicated that Openness-Curiosity, not Openness-Cultural, was uniquely associated with Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and that Humility, not Honesty, was uniquely related to Social Dominance Orientation. Divergent effects on RWA were identified for Honesty (positive) and Humility (negative). Study 2 (N = 586) replicated further these results and investigated the moderating role of interest in politics, and the mediating role of Need for Closure in shaping the pattern of associations. Openness-Curiosity and Humility were related to ideological attitudes mostly in a direct way, and these associations were strengthened by interest in politics.
Measures of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) often conflate reward-reactivity (the core of ... more Measures of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) often conflate reward-reactivity (the core of the BAS) and impulsivity-related variance. The Appetitive Motivation Scale (AMS), a recently-developed BAS measure, has been proposed as a one-dimensional scale which deals exclusively with core reward-reactivity. However, we show here how a two-dimensional interpretation of the scale reveals components which are linked with both the core
Pettigrew and Meertens's (1995) scale attempts to distinguish between subtle and blatant form... more Pettigrew and Meertens's (1995) scale attempts to distinguish between subtle and blatant forms of prejudice. In this paper we sought to test the validity of the measures included in the scale. We argue that the subtle prejudice scale lacks construct validity due mainly to two major flaws of the scale: first, the construct was operationalized via some items which do not show discriminant validity with the blatant prejudice measures; second, some subtle prejudice items just measure perception of cultural differences, but it is unclear whether the perception of cultural differences unambiguously reflects prejudice. A group of 356 Italian participants filled out measures of subtle and blatant prejudice, ethnocentrism, and political orientation. Results show that most indicators of subtle prejudice actually belong to the traditional general prejudice factor. The cultural differences sub-scale fails to achieve concurrent validity, suggesting that this scale is weakly related to the subtle prejudice construct; moreover, we show that the cultural differences subscale, if considered an indicator of subtle prejudice, leads to misleading results and interpretations
We propose that individual differences in the motivation to avoid emotions are related to politic... more We propose that individual differences in the motivation to avoid emotions are related to political conservatism. We argue that because conservatism is concerned with managing uncertainty and emphasizes ego-control, conservative ideologies match with the motivational concerns of those individuals who find emotions to be uncertainty-enhancing and dysfunctional. In a group of 267 participants, positive associations were found between emotion avoidance
Ecotourism in natural protected areas is receiving growing international recognition as a means t... more Ecotourism in natural protected areas is receiving growing international recognition as a means to enhance sustainability. Nonetheless, research on ecotourism and, in particular, on young ecotourists segmentation is still scarce. This study aimed at segmenting the market of young tourists using a range of psychosociological factors. First, a sample of 365 young tourists was segmented on the basis of holiday motivations (considered driving factors of attitudes and behaviors). Second, each group identified was characterized by a consistent set of other psychosociological variables, such as personality traits, personal values, general environmental beliefs, and behavioral variables (ecotourism behavioral intentions and consumption habits). The results show that about 80% of the sample would be open to the ecotourism, and different communication strategies for promoting ecotourism for different segments of potential ecotourists are also proposed.
Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conser... more Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conservatives less other–regarding than liberals? On the basis of past theorising, we hypothesised that, relative to individuals with prosocial orientations, those with individualistic and competitive orientations should be more likely to endorse conservative political preferences and vote for conservative parties. This hypothesis was supported in three independent studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the Netherlands (Study 3). Consistent with hypotheses, a cross–sectional study revealed that individualists and competitors endorsed stronger conservative political preferences than did prosocials; moreover, this effect was independent of the association between need for structure and conservative political preferences (Study 1). The predicted association of social value orientation and voting was observed in both a four–week (Study 2) and an eight–month (Study 3) longitudinal study. ...
ABSTRACT We aimed at replicating and extending recent findings about the relationships between th... more ABSTRACT We aimed at replicating and extending recent findings about the relationships between the specific aspects entailed by Honesty–Humility and Openness to Experience and ideological attitudes. Study 1 (N = 820) indicated that Openness-Curiosity, not Openness-Cultural, was uniquely associated with Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and that Humility, not Honesty, was uniquely related to Social Dominance Orientation. Divergent effects on RWA were identified for Honesty (positive) and Humility (negative). Study 2 (N = 586) replicated further these results and investigated the moderating role of interest in politics, and the mediating role of Need for Closure in shaping the pattern of associations. Openness-Curiosity and Humility were related to ideological attitudes mostly in a direct way, and these associations were strengthened by interest in politics.
Measures of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) often conflate reward-reactivity (the core of ... more Measures of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) often conflate reward-reactivity (the core of the BAS) and impulsivity-related variance. The Appetitive Motivation Scale (AMS), a recently-developed BAS measure, has been proposed as a one-dimensional scale which deals exclusively with core reward-reactivity. However, we show here how a two-dimensional interpretation of the scale reveals components which are linked with both the core
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