Climate change is rapidly driving global biodiversity declines. How wetland macroinvertebrate ass... more Climate change is rapidly driving global biodiversity declines. How wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages are responding is unclear, a concern given their vital function in these ecosystems. Using a data set from 769 minimally impacted depressional wetlands across the globe (467 temporary and 302 permanent), we evaluated how temperature and precipitation (average, range, variability) affects the richness and beta diversity of 144 macroinvertebrate families. To test the effects of climatic predictors on macroinvertebrate diversity, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMM) for family richness, and generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs) for total beta diversity. We found non-linear relationships between family richness, beta diversity and climate. Maximum temperature was the main climatic driver of wetland macroinvertebrate richness and beta diversity, but precipitation seasonality was also important. Assemblage responses to climatic variables also depended on wetland water permanency. Permanent wetlands from warmer regions had higher family richness than temporary wetlands. Interestingly, wetlands in cooler and dry-warm regions had the lowest taxonomic richness, but both kinds of wetlands supported unique assemblages. Our study suggests that climate change will have multiple effects on wetlands and their macroinvertebrate diversity, mostly via increases in maximum temperature, but also through changes in patterns of precipitation. The most vulnerable wetlands to climate change are likely those located in warm-dry regions, where entire macroinvertebrate assemblages would be extirpated. Montane and high-latitude wetlands (i.e., cooler regions) are also vulnerable to climate change, but we do not expect entire extirpations at the family level.
Analyses of biota at lower latitudes may presage impacts of climate change on biota at higher lat... more Analyses of biota at lower latitudes may presage impacts of climate change on biota at higher latitudes. Macroinvertebrate assemblages in depressional wetlands may be especially sensitive to climate change because weather‐related precipitation and evapotranspiration are dominant ecological controls on habitats, and organisms of depressional wetlands are temperature‐sensitive ectotherms. We aimed to better understand how wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages were structured according to geography and climate. To do so, we contrasted aquatic‐macroinvertebrate assemblage structure (family level) between subtropical and temperate depressional wetlands of North and South America using presence–absence data from 264 of these habitats across the continents and more‐detailed relative‐abundance data from 56 depressional wetlands from four case‐study locations (North Dakota and Georgia in North America; southern Brazil and Argentinian Patagonia in South America). Both data sets roughly partitioned wetland numbers equally between the two climatic zones and between the continents. We used ordination methods (PCA and NMDS) and tests of multivariate dispersion (PERMDISP) to assess the distribution and the homogeneity in variation in the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages across climates and continents, respectively. We found that macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in the subtropical depressional wetlands of North and South America were similar to each other (at the family level), while assemblages in the North and South American temperate wetlands were unique from the subtropics, and from each other. Tests of homogeneity of multivariate dispersion indicated that family‐level assemblage structures were more homogeneous in wetlands from the subtropical than the temperate zones. Our study suggests that ongoing climate change may result in the homogenization of macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in temperate zones of North and South America, with those assemblages becoming enveloped by assemblages from the subtropics. Biotic homogenization, more typically associated with other kinds of anthropogenic factors, may also be affected by climate change.
Wetlands provide vital habitat for biodiversity and relevant ecosystem services to human populati... more Wetlands provide vital habitat for biodiversity and relevant ecosystem services to human population. The rapid transformation of freshwater wetlands to grow food crops became the wetlands strongly threatened by human activities. Restoration efforts related to wetlands have been widely attempted; however, science‐based guidelines are relatively scarce. Here, we analyzed whether different levels of topsoil addition from natural wetlands in the sediment from rice fields influence the zooplankton communities. Our hypothesis was that the richness and abundance of hatchlings would be higher in treatments with high topsoil addition from natural wetlands, followed by treatments with low addition. In the laboratory, eight field sediment samples were incubated for zooplankton hatching in four treatments: rice fields, rice fields added with low (5%) and medium (30%) quantities of sediment from natural wetlands, and natural wetlands. A total of 4,493 hatchlings belonging to 24 taxa were observed in the experiment. While zooplankton richness and abundance did not differ between sediment treatments, significant differences in species composition associated with topsoil addition were observed. SIMPER analysis showed that topsoil addition from natural wetlands enhanced the abundance of cladocerans and larval copepods. Our results showed that sediments from natural wetlands have a bank of zooplankton dormant eggs that can help the recovery of wetlands disturbed by rice fields. The addition of natural wetland sediments in areas disturbed by rice fields modifies the zooplankton composition of the rice fields, aiding the recovery of disturbed natural wetlands for rice production.
The main goal of this study was to test the effect of the presence of nesting waterbirds on the t... more The main goal of this study was to test the effect of the presence of nesting waterbirds on the taxonomic structure (richness, abundance and composition) of macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazilian wetlands. Macroinvertebrate communities were seasonally sampled in eight intermittent wetlands differing according to the occurrence of nesting colonies of waterbirds (four with the presence of rookeries; four without). The influence of nutrients and water and sediment physicochemical variables on macroinvertebrate communities was also assessed. The community structure of aquatic macroinvertebrates was not affected by the presence of colonies of nesting waterbirds. Rather, macroinvertebrate communities varied seasonally and they were influenced by water-level environmental variables. Richness and composition changed among seasons and were influenced by nutrients and water physicochemical variables. Water turbidity and total dissolved solids influenced macroinvertebrate richness...
Assessment of β diversity patterns in relation to environmental and spatial drivers can provide u... more Assessment of β diversity patterns in relation to environmental and spatial drivers can provide useful insights into the underlying mechanisms structuring communities (deterministic and dispersal limitation). However, the relative importance of each mechanism and driver of β diversity patterns in freshwater communities is assumed to change with ecosystem type, scale of observation, and among groups with different dispersal abilities. We assessed β diversity patterns of assemblages of odonate larvae in relation to geographical distances and scale-specific environmental drivers in southern Brazilian coastal ponds along a latitudinal gradient. We expected to find similar contributions of deterministic and dispersal limitation mechanisms to odonate assemblages and distinct patterns of β diversity between suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera. We found low values of β diversity (probably related to distribution of generalist taxa and environmental conditions constituted by temporary ponds). Mantel and partial Mantel tests detected distinct relationships between dissimilarity in scale-specific drivers and geographical distances with β diversity of Odonata. Zygoptera was influenced by dissimilarity in local- (presence of riparian vegetation and connectivity) and regional-level (climate) variables, whereas Anisoptera was influenced by geographical distances. Our results supported our hypothesis that changes in the composition of assemblages of odonate larvae in temporary ponds were jointly driven by deterministic and dispersal limitation mechanisms. Furthermore, the similar contributions of nestedness and replacement components and the differing responses of Anisoptera and Zygoptera to local- and regional-level environmental drivers and geographical distances indicate that the relative importance of environmental and spatial drivers to β diversity patterns in ponds is scale-specific.
... and rivers, lentic ecosystems are believed to be isolated, largely decoupled from the surroun... more ... and rivers, lentic ecosystems are believed to be isolated, largely decoupled from the surroundinglandscape (Dodds 2002). ... macroinvertebrates at fine spatial scales ... This pattern may have resulted from similar abiotic characteristics or biotic interactions (eg, competition, predation ...
ABSTRACT This study assessed the influence of an artificial sandbar opening on the macroinvertebr... more ABSTRACT This study assessed the influence of an artificial sandbar opening on the macroinvertebrate richness, abundance and composition of the Lagoa do Peixe floodplains in the only Ramsar site in southern Brazil. The Lagoa do Peixe has its connection with the sea artificially opened every year at the end of winter. However, this management intervention has been carried out without the evaluation of the impact of this opening in the aquatic biodiversity. Six samplings were carried out over two years (from March 2008 to October 2009) which encompassed two artificial sandbar openings. The mean richness and abundance were lower in the floodplain sites influenced by the artificial sandbar opening (opened wetlands) than in the floodplain sites not influenced by this event (natural wetlands). Water salinity was higher in opened wetlands than in natural wetlands during the open sandbar samplings. The richness was negatively associated with water salinity, and the abundance was positively associated with hydroperiod, and negatively associated with conductivity. The composition of macroinvertebrate taxa was different between opened and natural wetlands. Our results suggest that artificial sandbar openings have a negative impact on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil floodplain wetlands. Hydrologic variation and increase of salinity related to this management may be the main factors of the change in the richness, abundance and composition in opened wetlands. We concluded that the artificial sandbar opening should be carefully re-analysed or forbidden, since this management practice may be jeopardizing the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a National Park and Ramsar site, where the biodiversity conservation is a priority and protected by Brazilian laws.
ABSTRACT Odonate larvae play an important role in wetland systems, providing food for many fish s... more ABSTRACT Odonate larvae play an important role in wetland systems, providing food for many fish species and birds. Besides, they are important predators in these ecosystems.However, studies of factors that determine odonate species richness and distribution in wetlands are scarce in the Neotropical region. The objectives of this study were to: 1) conduct a survey of the diversity of odonate larvae in southern Brazil wetlands, and 2) determine how much variation in odonate richness, abundance and composition is explained by wetland area, altitude, water conductivity and nitrate, hydroperiod, and dominant aquatic vegetation in 140 wetlands in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (—280,000 km², southern Brazil). A total of 4,039 individuals distributed among five families and 28 genera were collected.Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae and Aeshnidae were the families that showed the greatest richness. Erythrodiplax was observed in more than 70% of the sampled wetlands, and comprised 61% of individuals collected. Richness was negatively associated with wetland area and nitrate concentration. Odonate abundance was negatively associated with water conductivity and nitrate, and it was higher in aquatic beds than in emergent wetlands.Richness and abundance were higher in permanent than in intermittent wetlands. Variation in odonate composition was correlated with wetland altitude, area and water conductivity.Hydroperiod and dominant aquatic vegetation also influenced composition. Our results showed that southern Brazil wetlands are important habitats for 28 odonate genera, and that richness, abundance and composition are influenced mainly by hydroperiod, nitrate, and aquatic vegetation type. These results should be seen as important to determine the environmental factors that shape and maintain odonate diversity in southern Brazil wetlands. As larvas de Odonata desempenham um importante papel ecológico nas áreas úmidas, constituindo alimento para muitas espécies de peixes e aves. Além disso, esses organismos são importantes predadores nesses ecossistemas. Entretanto, os fatores ambientais que determinam a riqueza e a distribuição de Odonata em áreas úmidas da região Neotropical são pouco conhecidos. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: 1) realizar um inventário da diversidade de larvas de Odonata em áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil, e 2) verificar se a riqueza, abundância e composição de Odonata são explicadas pelo tamanho da área ùmida, altitude, condutividade e nitrato da água, hidroperíodo, e vegetação aquática dominante em 140 áreas úmidas em uma extensa área da região Neotropical (~280.000 km², Sul do Brasil). Um total de 4.039 indivíduos distribuídos em cinco famílias e 28 géneros foi amostrado nas áreas úmidas. Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae e Aeshnidae foram as famílias que apresentaram a maior riqueza. O gênero Erythrodiplax foi encontrado em mais de 70% das áreas úmidas, e correspondeu a 61% do total de indivíduos coletados. A riqueza esteve negativamente associada com o tamanho da área ùmida e com o nitrato da água. A abundância esteve negativamente associada com a condutividade e nitrato da água, sendo maior nas áreas úmidas herbáceas do que nas emergentes. A riqueza e a abundância foram maiores nas áreas úmidas permanentes do que nas intermitentes. A composição teve relação com a altitude, tamanho da área ùmida e condutividade da água. O hidroperíodo e a vegetação aquática também influenciaram a composição de larvas de Odonata. As áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil são habitats importantes para 28 géneros de Odonata, sendo que a riqueza, a abundância e a composição foram influenciadas principalmente pelo hidroperíodo, nitrato da água e vegetação aquática. Esses resultados contribuem para o conhecimento dos fatores ambientais que influenciam a diversidade de Odonata em áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil.
... Leonardo Maltchik 1, *, Cristina Stenert 1 , Marcia Regina Spies 2 , and Ana Emilia Siegloch ... more ... Leonardo Maltchik 1, *, Cristina Stenert 1 , Marcia Regina Spies 2 , and Ana Emilia Siegloch 2. ... type of microhabitat as the main environmental variables that relate to distribution patterns of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (eg, Bispo et al., 2001, 2006; Costa and Melo ...
Climate change is rapidly driving global biodiversity declines. How wetland macroinvertebrate ass... more Climate change is rapidly driving global biodiversity declines. How wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages are responding is unclear, a concern given their vital function in these ecosystems. Using a data set from 769 minimally impacted depressional wetlands across the globe (467 temporary and 302 permanent), we evaluated how temperature and precipitation (average, range, variability) affects the richness and beta diversity of 144 macroinvertebrate families. To test the effects of climatic predictors on macroinvertebrate diversity, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMM) for family richness, and generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs) for total beta diversity. We found non-linear relationships between family richness, beta diversity and climate. Maximum temperature was the main climatic driver of wetland macroinvertebrate richness and beta diversity, but precipitation seasonality was also important. Assemblage responses to climatic variables also depended on wetland water permanency. Permanent wetlands from warmer regions had higher family richness than temporary wetlands. Interestingly, wetlands in cooler and dry-warm regions had the lowest taxonomic richness, but both kinds of wetlands supported unique assemblages. Our study suggests that climate change will have multiple effects on wetlands and their macroinvertebrate diversity, mostly via increases in maximum temperature, but also through changes in patterns of precipitation. The most vulnerable wetlands to climate change are likely those located in warm-dry regions, where entire macroinvertebrate assemblages would be extirpated. Montane and high-latitude wetlands (i.e., cooler regions) are also vulnerable to climate change, but we do not expect entire extirpations at the family level.
Analyses of biota at lower latitudes may presage impacts of climate change on biota at higher lat... more Analyses of biota at lower latitudes may presage impacts of climate change on biota at higher latitudes. Macroinvertebrate assemblages in depressional wetlands may be especially sensitive to climate change because weather‐related precipitation and evapotranspiration are dominant ecological controls on habitats, and organisms of depressional wetlands are temperature‐sensitive ectotherms. We aimed to better understand how wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages were structured according to geography and climate. To do so, we contrasted aquatic‐macroinvertebrate assemblage structure (family level) between subtropical and temperate depressional wetlands of North and South America using presence–absence data from 264 of these habitats across the continents and more‐detailed relative‐abundance data from 56 depressional wetlands from four case‐study locations (North Dakota and Georgia in North America; southern Brazil and Argentinian Patagonia in South America). Both data sets roughly partitioned wetland numbers equally between the two climatic zones and between the continents. We used ordination methods (PCA and NMDS) and tests of multivariate dispersion (PERMDISP) to assess the distribution and the homogeneity in variation in the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages across climates and continents, respectively. We found that macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in the subtropical depressional wetlands of North and South America were similar to each other (at the family level), while assemblages in the North and South American temperate wetlands were unique from the subtropics, and from each other. Tests of homogeneity of multivariate dispersion indicated that family‐level assemblage structures were more homogeneous in wetlands from the subtropical than the temperate zones. Our study suggests that ongoing climate change may result in the homogenization of macroinvertebrate assemblage structures in temperate zones of North and South America, with those assemblages becoming enveloped by assemblages from the subtropics. Biotic homogenization, more typically associated with other kinds of anthropogenic factors, may also be affected by climate change.
Wetlands provide vital habitat for biodiversity and relevant ecosystem services to human populati... more Wetlands provide vital habitat for biodiversity and relevant ecosystem services to human population. The rapid transformation of freshwater wetlands to grow food crops became the wetlands strongly threatened by human activities. Restoration efforts related to wetlands have been widely attempted; however, science‐based guidelines are relatively scarce. Here, we analyzed whether different levels of topsoil addition from natural wetlands in the sediment from rice fields influence the zooplankton communities. Our hypothesis was that the richness and abundance of hatchlings would be higher in treatments with high topsoil addition from natural wetlands, followed by treatments with low addition. In the laboratory, eight field sediment samples were incubated for zooplankton hatching in four treatments: rice fields, rice fields added with low (5%) and medium (30%) quantities of sediment from natural wetlands, and natural wetlands. A total of 4,493 hatchlings belonging to 24 taxa were observed in the experiment. While zooplankton richness and abundance did not differ between sediment treatments, significant differences in species composition associated with topsoil addition were observed. SIMPER analysis showed that topsoil addition from natural wetlands enhanced the abundance of cladocerans and larval copepods. Our results showed that sediments from natural wetlands have a bank of zooplankton dormant eggs that can help the recovery of wetlands disturbed by rice fields. The addition of natural wetland sediments in areas disturbed by rice fields modifies the zooplankton composition of the rice fields, aiding the recovery of disturbed natural wetlands for rice production.
The main goal of this study was to test the effect of the presence of nesting waterbirds on the t... more The main goal of this study was to test the effect of the presence of nesting waterbirds on the taxonomic structure (richness, abundance and composition) of macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazilian wetlands. Macroinvertebrate communities were seasonally sampled in eight intermittent wetlands differing according to the occurrence of nesting colonies of waterbirds (four with the presence of rookeries; four without). The influence of nutrients and water and sediment physicochemical variables on macroinvertebrate communities was also assessed. The community structure of aquatic macroinvertebrates was not affected by the presence of colonies of nesting waterbirds. Rather, macroinvertebrate communities varied seasonally and they were influenced by water-level environmental variables. Richness and composition changed among seasons and were influenced by nutrients and water physicochemical variables. Water turbidity and total dissolved solids influenced macroinvertebrate richness...
Assessment of β diversity patterns in relation to environmental and spatial drivers can provide u... more Assessment of β diversity patterns in relation to environmental and spatial drivers can provide useful insights into the underlying mechanisms structuring communities (deterministic and dispersal limitation). However, the relative importance of each mechanism and driver of β diversity patterns in freshwater communities is assumed to change with ecosystem type, scale of observation, and among groups with different dispersal abilities. We assessed β diversity patterns of assemblages of odonate larvae in relation to geographical distances and scale-specific environmental drivers in southern Brazilian coastal ponds along a latitudinal gradient. We expected to find similar contributions of deterministic and dispersal limitation mechanisms to odonate assemblages and distinct patterns of β diversity between suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera. We found low values of β diversity (probably related to distribution of generalist taxa and environmental conditions constituted by temporary ponds). Mantel and partial Mantel tests detected distinct relationships between dissimilarity in scale-specific drivers and geographical distances with β diversity of Odonata. Zygoptera was influenced by dissimilarity in local- (presence of riparian vegetation and connectivity) and regional-level (climate) variables, whereas Anisoptera was influenced by geographical distances. Our results supported our hypothesis that changes in the composition of assemblages of odonate larvae in temporary ponds were jointly driven by deterministic and dispersal limitation mechanisms. Furthermore, the similar contributions of nestedness and replacement components and the differing responses of Anisoptera and Zygoptera to local- and regional-level environmental drivers and geographical distances indicate that the relative importance of environmental and spatial drivers to β diversity patterns in ponds is scale-specific.
... and rivers, lentic ecosystems are believed to be isolated, largely decoupled from the surroun... more ... and rivers, lentic ecosystems are believed to be isolated, largely decoupled from the surroundinglandscape (Dodds 2002). ... macroinvertebrates at fine spatial scales ... This pattern may have resulted from similar abiotic characteristics or biotic interactions (eg, competition, predation ...
ABSTRACT This study assessed the influence of an artificial sandbar opening on the macroinvertebr... more ABSTRACT This study assessed the influence of an artificial sandbar opening on the macroinvertebrate richness, abundance and composition of the Lagoa do Peixe floodplains in the only Ramsar site in southern Brazil. The Lagoa do Peixe has its connection with the sea artificially opened every year at the end of winter. However, this management intervention has been carried out without the evaluation of the impact of this opening in the aquatic biodiversity. Six samplings were carried out over two years (from March 2008 to October 2009) which encompassed two artificial sandbar openings. The mean richness and abundance were lower in the floodplain sites influenced by the artificial sandbar opening (opened wetlands) than in the floodplain sites not influenced by this event (natural wetlands). Water salinity was higher in opened wetlands than in natural wetlands during the open sandbar samplings. The richness was negatively associated with water salinity, and the abundance was positively associated with hydroperiod, and negatively associated with conductivity. The composition of macroinvertebrate taxa was different between opened and natural wetlands. Our results suggest that artificial sandbar openings have a negative impact on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil floodplain wetlands. Hydrologic variation and increase of salinity related to this management may be the main factors of the change in the richness, abundance and composition in opened wetlands. We concluded that the artificial sandbar opening should be carefully re-analysed or forbidden, since this management practice may be jeopardizing the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a National Park and Ramsar site, where the biodiversity conservation is a priority and protected by Brazilian laws.
ABSTRACT Odonate larvae play an important role in wetland systems, providing food for many fish s... more ABSTRACT Odonate larvae play an important role in wetland systems, providing food for many fish species and birds. Besides, they are important predators in these ecosystems.However, studies of factors that determine odonate species richness and distribution in wetlands are scarce in the Neotropical region. The objectives of this study were to: 1) conduct a survey of the diversity of odonate larvae in southern Brazil wetlands, and 2) determine how much variation in odonate richness, abundance and composition is explained by wetland area, altitude, water conductivity and nitrate, hydroperiod, and dominant aquatic vegetation in 140 wetlands in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (—280,000 km², southern Brazil). A total of 4,039 individuals distributed among five families and 28 genera were collected.Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae and Aeshnidae were the families that showed the greatest richness. Erythrodiplax was observed in more than 70% of the sampled wetlands, and comprised 61% of individuals collected. Richness was negatively associated with wetland area and nitrate concentration. Odonate abundance was negatively associated with water conductivity and nitrate, and it was higher in aquatic beds than in emergent wetlands.Richness and abundance were higher in permanent than in intermittent wetlands. Variation in odonate composition was correlated with wetland altitude, area and water conductivity.Hydroperiod and dominant aquatic vegetation also influenced composition. Our results showed that southern Brazil wetlands are important habitats for 28 odonate genera, and that richness, abundance and composition are influenced mainly by hydroperiod, nitrate, and aquatic vegetation type. These results should be seen as important to determine the environmental factors that shape and maintain odonate diversity in southern Brazil wetlands. As larvas de Odonata desempenham um importante papel ecológico nas áreas úmidas, constituindo alimento para muitas espécies de peixes e aves. Além disso, esses organismos são importantes predadores nesses ecossistemas. Entretanto, os fatores ambientais que determinam a riqueza e a distribuição de Odonata em áreas úmidas da região Neotropical são pouco conhecidos. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: 1) realizar um inventário da diversidade de larvas de Odonata em áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil, e 2) verificar se a riqueza, abundância e composição de Odonata são explicadas pelo tamanho da área ùmida, altitude, condutividade e nitrato da água, hidroperíodo, e vegetação aquática dominante em 140 áreas úmidas em uma extensa área da região Neotropical (~280.000 km², Sul do Brasil). Um total de 4.039 indivíduos distribuídos em cinco famílias e 28 géneros foi amostrado nas áreas úmidas. Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae e Aeshnidae foram as famílias que apresentaram a maior riqueza. O gênero Erythrodiplax foi encontrado em mais de 70% das áreas úmidas, e correspondeu a 61% do total de indivíduos coletados. A riqueza esteve negativamente associada com o tamanho da área ùmida e com o nitrato da água. A abundância esteve negativamente associada com a condutividade e nitrato da água, sendo maior nas áreas úmidas herbáceas do que nas emergentes. A riqueza e a abundância foram maiores nas áreas úmidas permanentes do que nas intermitentes. A composição teve relação com a altitude, tamanho da área ùmida e condutividade da água. O hidroperíodo e a vegetação aquática também influenciaram a composição de larvas de Odonata. As áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil são habitats importantes para 28 géneros de Odonata, sendo que a riqueza, a abundância e a composição foram influenciadas principalmente pelo hidroperíodo, nitrato da água e vegetação aquática. Esses resultados contribuem para o conhecimento dos fatores ambientais que influenciam a diversidade de Odonata em áreas úmidas no Sul do Brasil.
... Leonardo Maltchik 1, *, Cristina Stenert 1 , Marcia Regina Spies 2 , and Ana Emilia Siegloch ... more ... Leonardo Maltchik 1, *, Cristina Stenert 1 , Marcia Regina Spies 2 , and Ana Emilia Siegloch 2. ... type of microhabitat as the main environmental variables that relate to distribution patterns of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (eg, Bispo et al., 2001, 2006; Costa and Melo ...
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