Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to... more Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the natural environment1. This paper, based on field assessments conducted from March–June 2013, will show that agricultural development models focused on income generation, as most of the women in agriculture projects are, are based on “gender strategies” that instrumentalize women to achieve productivity goals. These ideological hierarchies that instrumentalize women, also allow for the systematic domination of industry over smallholder farmers, and commodities over food security. In conclusion, these combined “strategies” are leading to the degradation of both rural, agricultural families and rural ecology in Indonesia.
... Sari and Sigah were talking about others at the factory. In response to hearing the topic of ... more ... Sari and Sigah were talking about others at the factory. In response to hearing the topic of the factory, I asked Sari how her meetings with Depnaker (the Department of Labor) were going. ... Page 85. 78 LAINE BERMAN 38. Sari: Sesok selåså 39. Laine: Sesok selåså rep åpå? 40. ...
... the Java of these studies bears the imprint of two cen-turies of struggle over the forms and ... more ... the Java of these studies bears the imprint of two cen-turies of struggle over the forms and meanings of the "Javanese way" (cara Jawa). ... These two books on language and identity by Laine Berman and Joseph Errington show the impact of this approach on the new Java studies ...
Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to... more Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the natural environment . This paper, based on field assessments conducted from March – June 2013, will show that agricultural development models focused on income generation, as most of the women in agriculture projects are, simplify complex issues into pure economics without touching upon the root problems both men and women face in Indonesia’s agriculture sector. The “gender strategies” used to reach project goals disempower women as they also encourage the systematic domination of industry over smallholder farmers, and export commodities over food security. In conclusion, these combined “strategies” are leading to the degradation of rural, agricultural families and rural ecology in Indonesia.
The issue of gender equity in U.S. Government-funded education programs in Pakistan gained promin... more The issue of gender equity in U.S. Government-funded education programs in Pakistan gained prominence in 2012 when Malala Yousafzai, an activist for girls’ education, was attacked and critically wounded by the Taliban in her Swat Valley village. In response, U.S. Senators Barbara Boxer and Mary Landrieu introduced the Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act to promote girls’ and women’s education in Pakistan. With the Merit and Needs Based Scholarship Program (MNBSP) already in place in Pakistan since 2004, it was identified as the channel through which to meet this new objective. Under MNBSP Phase I, a target of 25 percent female participation was set. Project performance fell just short of this goal, with 23 percent of scholarships awarded to female students. Starting in 2014, in line with the Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) must ensure that 50 percent of all merit- and needs based scholarships are awarded to disadvantaged women in Pakistan.
To inform USAID efforts to meet this goal of 50 percent female scholarship recipients, the MNBSP Female Workforce Study (FWS) was designed to assess the perceptions, beliefs, constraints, and opportunities faced by women in their decisions to enter academic and professional life. The findings will also provide recommendations for Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) in terms of future programs and policies related to women’s participation in higher education.
The study is based on 5 weeks of field research among high school-aged girls and their families in Pakistan.
Abstrak: Makalah ini bermaksud menganalisa wacana sehari-hari (sesrawungan sakdina-dinane) untuk ... more Abstrak: Makalah ini bermaksud menganalisa wacana sehari-hari (sesrawungan sakdina-dinane) untuk memahami bagaimana wong cilik mewujudkan makna di dalam konteks lokal, dan di dalam sistem masyarakat yang sampai kini masih serba tidak adil, meski sudah jaman "reformasi". Dengan menerapkan teori-teori konstruksi sosial (social constructionism), analisis saya mencerminkan bagaimana sekelompok wong cilik, yaitu tenaga kerja wanita dari kota Yogyakarta, mewujudkan identitasnya melalui penggunaan Bahasa Jawa. Untuk tujuan ini, saya menggunakan teori agency, yaitu tanggungjawab pribadi terhadap apa yang dituturkan, kepada lawan bicara, dan siapa yang dibicarakan, yang semuanya dicerminkan dalam wacana. Tampak dari analisis ini bahwa kelompok tersebut menkonstruksikan diri sendiri sesuai dengan hierarki sosial yang berlaku, yang memaksakan mereka nrima ketidakadilan yang dihadapi. Mereka nrima karena memang tidak ada jalan keluar. Hal ini tidak mengherankan bagi mereka yang paham budaya Jawa dan sistem kekuasaan Orde Baru. Namun yang hendak saya tekankan di sini adalah bahwa wong ciliknya sendiri merelakan dirinya tertindas, bahkan memuliakan kebungkaman itu terhadap yang dianggap 'nasib'. Penindasan ini adalah penindasan psikologis internal dan kepribadian wong cilik tersebut terwujud oleh kebiasaan ini. Karena begitu terbiasa tertindas (yang terwujud dalam struktur "sopan santun"), posisi ketidak berdayaan (disempowered) ini juga muncul dalam bahasa ngoko yang sering dianggap kasar, tidak sopan, dan tidak mencerminkan hormat. Hal ini akan saya buktikan dari segi fungsi bahasa dan tidak sekedar struktur (krama, krama inggil, dan sebagainya), yang sampai sekarang masih menguasai analisa Bahasa. Tujuan lain dari makalah ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan pendekatan yang saya pakai, yaitu antropologi linguistik, yang sejauh saya ketahui, belum umum digunakan di dalam bidang akademis maupun penelitian di Indonesia. Pembukaan : Analisis wacana yang dipergunakan di sini dimulai dengan merekam dan mentranskripsikan bahasa sehari-hari yang secara alami muncul dari sekelompok perempuan yang bekerja di suatu pabrik di kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan saya dengan analisis ini adalah menggambarkan bagaimana kelompok tersebut mewujudkan makna dalam konteks lokal. Yang penting di sini adalah penggunaan bahasa sehari-hari, pergaulan manusia yang muncul tanpa tanya-jawab, tanpa intervensi peneliti. Teori yang dianut oleh analisis wacana (dari segi antropologis linguistik dan analisis wacana kritis) menegaskan bahwa bahasa adalah sumber budaya dan wacana adalah praktis budaya. Melalui bahasa, budaya diciptakan, diberi arti, dipelajari, dibentuk, dan direproduksi. Melalui bahasa kita menegakkan hubungan antara sistem budaya dan berbagai bentuk tatanan sosial. Kita juga bisa melihat secara langsung keberadaan (posisi) sekelompok manusia di dalam tatanan sosial tersebut, dan pengertian mereka terhadap dunia/lingkungan sekelilingnya. Interaksi sosial merupakan sarana pokok bagi masyarakat untuk menafsirkan peristiwa-peristiwa sehari-hari dan menggunakan makna tersebut sebagai sumber pemahaman terhadap berbagai kegiatan, baik yang penting maupun yang sepele. Kita semua disosialisasikan melalui bahasa. Percakapan tidak terpisah dari interaksi sosial, kebudayaan, dan kepribadian. Analisa perilaku manusia seharusnya
Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to... more Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the natural environment1. This paper, based on field assessments conducted from March–June 2013, will show that agricultural development models focused on income generation, as most of the women in agriculture projects are, are based on “gender strategies” that instrumentalize women to achieve productivity goals. These ideological hierarchies that instrumentalize women, also allow for the systematic domination of industry over smallholder farmers, and commodities over food security. In conclusion, these combined “strategies” are leading to the degradation of both rural, agricultural families and rural ecology in Indonesia.
... Sari and Sigah were talking about others at the factory. In response to hearing the topic of ... more ... Sari and Sigah were talking about others at the factory. In response to hearing the topic of the factory, I asked Sari how her meetings with Depnaker (the Department of Labor) were going. ... Page 85. 78 LAINE BERMAN 38. Sari: Sesok selåså 39. Laine: Sesok selåså rep åpå? 40. ...
... the Java of these studies bears the imprint of two cen-turies of struggle over the forms and ... more ... the Java of these studies bears the imprint of two cen-turies of struggle over the forms and meanings of the "Javanese way" (cara Jawa). ... These two books on language and identity by Laine Berman and Joseph Errington show the impact of this approach on the new Java studies ...
Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to... more Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, is based on a belief that the social mentality that leads to the domination and oppression of women is directly connected to the social mentality that leads to the abuse of the natural environment . This paper, based on field assessments conducted from March – June 2013, will show that agricultural development models focused on income generation, as most of the women in agriculture projects are, simplify complex issues into pure economics without touching upon the root problems both men and women face in Indonesia’s agriculture sector. The “gender strategies” used to reach project goals disempower women as they also encourage the systematic domination of industry over smallholder farmers, and export commodities over food security. In conclusion, these combined “strategies” are leading to the degradation of rural, agricultural families and rural ecology in Indonesia.
The issue of gender equity in U.S. Government-funded education programs in Pakistan gained promin... more The issue of gender equity in U.S. Government-funded education programs in Pakistan gained prominence in 2012 when Malala Yousafzai, an activist for girls’ education, was attacked and critically wounded by the Taliban in her Swat Valley village. In response, U.S. Senators Barbara Boxer and Mary Landrieu introduced the Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act to promote girls’ and women’s education in Pakistan. With the Merit and Needs Based Scholarship Program (MNBSP) already in place in Pakistan since 2004, it was identified as the channel through which to meet this new objective. Under MNBSP Phase I, a target of 25 percent female participation was set. Project performance fell just short of this goal, with 23 percent of scholarships awarded to female students. Starting in 2014, in line with the Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) must ensure that 50 percent of all merit- and needs based scholarships are awarded to disadvantaged women in Pakistan.
To inform USAID efforts to meet this goal of 50 percent female scholarship recipients, the MNBSP Female Workforce Study (FWS) was designed to assess the perceptions, beliefs, constraints, and opportunities faced by women in their decisions to enter academic and professional life. The findings will also provide recommendations for Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) in terms of future programs and policies related to women’s participation in higher education.
The study is based on 5 weeks of field research among high school-aged girls and their families in Pakistan.
Abstrak: Makalah ini bermaksud menganalisa wacana sehari-hari (sesrawungan sakdina-dinane) untuk ... more Abstrak: Makalah ini bermaksud menganalisa wacana sehari-hari (sesrawungan sakdina-dinane) untuk memahami bagaimana wong cilik mewujudkan makna di dalam konteks lokal, dan di dalam sistem masyarakat yang sampai kini masih serba tidak adil, meski sudah jaman "reformasi". Dengan menerapkan teori-teori konstruksi sosial (social constructionism), analisis saya mencerminkan bagaimana sekelompok wong cilik, yaitu tenaga kerja wanita dari kota Yogyakarta, mewujudkan identitasnya melalui penggunaan Bahasa Jawa. Untuk tujuan ini, saya menggunakan teori agency, yaitu tanggungjawab pribadi terhadap apa yang dituturkan, kepada lawan bicara, dan siapa yang dibicarakan, yang semuanya dicerminkan dalam wacana. Tampak dari analisis ini bahwa kelompok tersebut menkonstruksikan diri sendiri sesuai dengan hierarki sosial yang berlaku, yang memaksakan mereka nrima ketidakadilan yang dihadapi. Mereka nrima karena memang tidak ada jalan keluar. Hal ini tidak mengherankan bagi mereka yang paham budaya Jawa dan sistem kekuasaan Orde Baru. Namun yang hendak saya tekankan di sini adalah bahwa wong ciliknya sendiri merelakan dirinya tertindas, bahkan memuliakan kebungkaman itu terhadap yang dianggap 'nasib'. Penindasan ini adalah penindasan psikologis internal dan kepribadian wong cilik tersebut terwujud oleh kebiasaan ini. Karena begitu terbiasa tertindas (yang terwujud dalam struktur "sopan santun"), posisi ketidak berdayaan (disempowered) ini juga muncul dalam bahasa ngoko yang sering dianggap kasar, tidak sopan, dan tidak mencerminkan hormat. Hal ini akan saya buktikan dari segi fungsi bahasa dan tidak sekedar struktur (krama, krama inggil, dan sebagainya), yang sampai sekarang masih menguasai analisa Bahasa. Tujuan lain dari makalah ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan pendekatan yang saya pakai, yaitu antropologi linguistik, yang sejauh saya ketahui, belum umum digunakan di dalam bidang akademis maupun penelitian di Indonesia. Pembukaan : Analisis wacana yang dipergunakan di sini dimulai dengan merekam dan mentranskripsikan bahasa sehari-hari yang secara alami muncul dari sekelompok perempuan yang bekerja di suatu pabrik di kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan saya dengan analisis ini adalah menggambarkan bagaimana kelompok tersebut mewujudkan makna dalam konteks lokal. Yang penting di sini adalah penggunaan bahasa sehari-hari, pergaulan manusia yang muncul tanpa tanya-jawab, tanpa intervensi peneliti. Teori yang dianut oleh analisis wacana (dari segi antropologis linguistik dan analisis wacana kritis) menegaskan bahwa bahasa adalah sumber budaya dan wacana adalah praktis budaya. Melalui bahasa, budaya diciptakan, diberi arti, dipelajari, dibentuk, dan direproduksi. Melalui bahasa kita menegakkan hubungan antara sistem budaya dan berbagai bentuk tatanan sosial. Kita juga bisa melihat secara langsung keberadaan (posisi) sekelompok manusia di dalam tatanan sosial tersebut, dan pengertian mereka terhadap dunia/lingkungan sekelilingnya. Interaksi sosial merupakan sarana pokok bagi masyarakat untuk menafsirkan peristiwa-peristiwa sehari-hari dan menggunakan makna tersebut sebagai sumber pemahaman terhadap berbagai kegiatan, baik yang penting maupun yang sepele. Kita semua disosialisasikan melalui bahasa. Percakapan tidak terpisah dari interaksi sosial, kebudayaan, dan kepribadian. Analisa perilaku manusia seharusnya
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To inform USAID efforts to meet this goal of 50 percent female scholarship recipients, the MNBSP Female Workforce Study (FWS) was designed to assess the perceptions, beliefs, constraints, and opportunities faced by women in their decisions to enter academic and professional life. The findings will also provide recommendations for Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) in terms of future programs and policies related to women’s participation in higher education.
The study is based on 5 weeks of field research among high school-aged girls and their families in Pakistan.
To inform USAID efforts to meet this goal of 50 percent female scholarship recipients, the MNBSP Female Workforce Study (FWS) was designed to assess the perceptions, beliefs, constraints, and opportunities faced by women in their decisions to enter academic and professional life. The findings will also provide recommendations for Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) in terms of future programs and policies related to women’s participation in higher education.
The study is based on 5 weeks of field research among high school-aged girls and their families in Pakistan.