We report a case involving a 45-year-old man with a 12-year history of Wegener granulomatosis, wh... more We report a case involving a 45-year-old man with a 12-year history of Wegener granulomatosis, who developed a carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder after long-term cyclophosphamide therapy. Cyclophosphamide is well recognized as an etiologic agent for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, only 5 cases of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide therapy have been reported. We used loss of heterozygosity studies and microsatellite markers to define the molecular basis of this rare neoplasm. These studies revealed evidence supporting a monoclonal origin for the 2 components of this tumor. We also demonstrated allelic loss of chromosome 9p. This loss associated with carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is in agreement with previous studies, suggesting a possible role for the tumor suppressor gene p16 in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
From the time of its first appearance about 4,000 years ago, the sword soon became the pre-eminen... more From the time of its first appearance about 4,000 years ago, the sword soon became the pre-eminent weapon of personal defense and has been a preferred vehicle for technological and artistic expression even since its relatively recent decline. Within what at first seems to be merely a simple variation of that basic tool, the inclined plane, metallurgical studies have revealed complex piled structures in iron swords dating from as early as Celtic times (500 BC). Being composed of several rods welded together and running the length of the blade, such piled structures allowed the smith to localize desired properties by empirically joining together irons with differing properties owing to different origins and concentrations of trace elements. Additionally, small rods could be carburized to increase hardness by increasing carbon content. Ideally, steel (which is an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon) would be chosen to provide hardness at the edge. However, since an increased car...
An illustrated review of various macroscopic patterns that may be seen upon the surfaces of histo... more An illustrated review of various macroscopic patterns that may be seen upon the surfaces of historical ethnographic edged weapons that are intrinsic to composition and construction technique.
We report a case involving a 45-year-old man with a 12-year history of Wegener granulomatosis, wh... more We report a case involving a 45-year-old man with a 12-year history of Wegener granulomatosis, who developed a carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder after long-term cyclophosphamide therapy. Cyclophosphamide is well recognized as an etiologic agent for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, only 5 cases of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide therapy have been reported. We used loss of heterozygosity studies and microsatellite markers to define the molecular basis of this rare neoplasm. These studies revealed evidence supporting a monoclonal origin for the 2 components of this tumor. We also demonstrated allelic loss of chromosome 9p. This loss associated with carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is in agreement with previous studies, suggesting a possible role for the tumor suppressor gene p16 in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
From the time of its first appearance about 4,000 years ago, the sword soon became the pre-eminen... more From the time of its first appearance about 4,000 years ago, the sword soon became the pre-eminent weapon of personal defense and has been a preferred vehicle for technological and artistic expression even since its relatively recent decline. Within what at first seems to be merely a simple variation of that basic tool, the inclined plane, metallurgical studies have revealed complex piled structures in iron swords dating from as early as Celtic times (500 BC). Being composed of several rods welded together and running the length of the blade, such piled structures allowed the smith to localize desired properties by empirically joining together irons with differing properties owing to different origins and concentrations of trace elements. Additionally, small rods could be carburized to increase hardness by increasing carbon content. Ideally, steel (which is an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon) would be chosen to provide hardness at the edge. However, since an increased car...
An illustrated review of various macroscopic patterns that may be seen upon the surfaces of histo... more An illustrated review of various macroscopic patterns that may be seen upon the surfaces of historical ethnographic edged weapons that are intrinsic to composition and construction technique.
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