Sexual harassment as a work climate variable was examined in relation to acceptance of women, gen... more Sexual harassment as a work climate variable was examined in relation to acceptance of women, gender composition of the work group, cohesion, readiness, mission requirements, and expectations among male and female soldiers in U.S. Army combat support and combat service support units. Using group level analysis, the study found that soldiers' assessment of sexual harassment in the unit was significantly correlated with poor leadership climate, lower acceptance of women, and lower combat readiness. Among female soldiers, a higher percentage of women in the work group was associated with fewer sexual harassment experiences and with higher acceptance of women. Male soldiers in units with a higher percentage of women were more likely to perceive sexual harassment as a problem in the unit. Higher percentage of women in the unit and male soldiers' perceptions. of sexual harassment as a problem in the unit were both associated with more days spent in the field training. Perceived time pressure was correlated with lower acceptance of women and lower combat readiness for male soldiers, while for female soldiers, increased days in the field were associated with lower combat readiness.
Lifetime trauma history was assessed in a health study of active duty United States Army soldiers... more Lifetime trauma history was assessed in a health study of active duty United States Army soldiers. Five hundred fifty-five male and 573 female soldiers in the sample were asked whether they had ever experienced 14 different potentially traumatic experiences, including sexual assaults, violent stressors to self, and terrifying events that occurred to others and were secondarily traumatic through exposure by gaining information or as a witness to the event. Most soldiers had experienced multiple traumas, and premilitary exposure to events was much more common than exposure to events after entering the military. Global measures of current psychological distress and physical health symptoms were predicted by the lifetime number of sexual assaults and traumas to self. Social support from military unit leaders moderated the relationship between accumulated exposure to traumas and both health measures, whereas unit cohesion was directly associated with fewer mental health problems.
Page 1. AN IDEAL TYPOLOGY OF WITCHCRAFT BELIEFS AND ACCUSATIONS LEORA NADINE ROSEN* ... This appe... more Page 1. AN IDEAL TYPOLOGY OF WITCHCRAFT BELIEFS AND ACCUSATIONS LEORA NADINE ROSEN* ... This appears to have been the case in Tudor England at the time of the introduction of the national Poor Law which forbade people to give alms to beggars. ...
During the Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS) deployment, there was a perception among volunteer... more During the Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS) deployment, there was a perception among volunteers and professionals providing services and support to families that while most spouses were able to handle the stress, some younger spouses coped poorly. A cluster analysis using data from a mailed survey conducted during ODS confirmed that there were groups of younger spouses experiencing high levels of emotional distress. In addition, the study found that there was a group of older spouses with similar problems. Sociodemographic characteristics such as ethnic group and employment status, expectations of the Army, and unsatisfactory use of services discriminated among clusters. Groups with high levels of distress also had the highest levels of unsatisfactory use of services and the highest expectations of the Army.
The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examin... more The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined among 1,072 male and 305 female soldiers on active duty in the United States Army. The predictor variables included four subscales from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)-(1) physical-emotional abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) emotional neglect, and (4) physical neglect. An additional sexual abuse variable based on the four screening questions developed by Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, and Smith (1990) was also included. Outcome was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and a dissociation scale developed by Briere and Runtz (1988). MANOVAs were conducted for each outcome measure. Physical-emotional abuse contributed to most of the effects. However, sexual abuse contributed additional significant effects to all of the subscales. In general, males and females showed similar outcomes, but certain gender differences were noted.
The psychological functioning of soldiers with a handicapped child in the family were compared wi... more The psychological functioning of soldiers with a handicapped child in the family were compared with that of soldiers without such a child through a survey of 443 soldiers. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to measure depressive symptoms, martial adjustment, social supports, stressful life events, military satisfaction, military performance, and coping. Differences between the 147 soldier-parents with a handicapped child and those without were examined using one-way analyses of variance. The results indicated that soldier-parents with a handicapped child showed significantly higher depressive symptoms, including lower scores on coping, less favorable perception of their military skills and abilities, and more pessimistic attitudes about their long-term military career options, than did the comparison group. Differences in marital satisfaction were not found. Also, perceived social supports played a significantly greater role in buffering the effects of stress on marital adjustment among families with a handicapped child than among those without.
Sexual harassment as a work climate variable was examined in relation to acceptance of women, gen... more Sexual harassment as a work climate variable was examined in relation to acceptance of women, gender composition of the work group, cohesion, readiness, mission requirements, and expectations among male and female soldiers in U.S. Army combat support and combat service support units. Using group level analysis, the study found that soldiers' assessment of sexual harassment in the unit was significantly correlated with poor leadership climate, lower acceptance of women, and lower combat readiness. Among female soldiers, a higher percentage of women in the work group was associated with fewer sexual harassment experiences and with higher acceptance of women. Male soldiers in units with a higher percentage of women were more likely to perceive sexual harassment as a problem in the unit. Higher percentage of women in the unit and male soldiers' perceptions. of sexual harassment as a problem in the unit were both associated with more days spent in the field training. Perceived time pressure was correlated with lower acceptance of women and lower combat readiness for male soldiers, while for female soldiers, increased days in the field were associated with lower combat readiness.
Lifetime trauma history was assessed in a health study of active duty United States Army soldiers... more Lifetime trauma history was assessed in a health study of active duty United States Army soldiers. Five hundred fifty-five male and 573 female soldiers in the sample were asked whether they had ever experienced 14 different potentially traumatic experiences, including sexual assaults, violent stressors to self, and terrifying events that occurred to others and were secondarily traumatic through exposure by gaining information or as a witness to the event. Most soldiers had experienced multiple traumas, and premilitary exposure to events was much more common than exposure to events after entering the military. Global measures of current psychological distress and physical health symptoms were predicted by the lifetime number of sexual assaults and traumas to self. Social support from military unit leaders moderated the relationship between accumulated exposure to traumas and both health measures, whereas unit cohesion was directly associated with fewer mental health problems.
Page 1. AN IDEAL TYPOLOGY OF WITCHCRAFT BELIEFS AND ACCUSATIONS LEORA NADINE ROSEN* ... This appe... more Page 1. AN IDEAL TYPOLOGY OF WITCHCRAFT BELIEFS AND ACCUSATIONS LEORA NADINE ROSEN* ... This appears to have been the case in Tudor England at the time of the introduction of the national Poor Law which forbade people to give alms to beggars. ...
During the Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS) deployment, there was a perception among volunteer... more During the Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS) deployment, there was a perception among volunteers and professionals providing services and support to families that while most spouses were able to handle the stress, some younger spouses coped poorly. A cluster analysis using data from a mailed survey conducted during ODS confirmed that there were groups of younger spouses experiencing high levels of emotional distress. In addition, the study found that there was a group of older spouses with similar problems. Sociodemographic characteristics such as ethnic group and employment status, expectations of the Army, and unsatisfactory use of services discriminated among clusters. Groups with high levels of distress also had the highest levels of unsatisfactory use of services and the highest expectations of the Army.
The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examin... more The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined among 1,072 male and 305 female soldiers on active duty in the United States Army. The predictor variables included four subscales from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)-(1) physical-emotional abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) emotional neglect, and (4) physical neglect. An additional sexual abuse variable based on the four screening questions developed by Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, and Smith (1990) was also included. Outcome was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and a dissociation scale developed by Briere and Runtz (1988). MANOVAs were conducted for each outcome measure. Physical-emotional abuse contributed to most of the effects. However, sexual abuse contributed additional significant effects to all of the subscales. In general, males and females showed similar outcomes, but certain gender differences were noted.
The psychological functioning of soldiers with a handicapped child in the family were compared wi... more The psychological functioning of soldiers with a handicapped child in the family were compared with that of soldiers without such a child through a survey of 443 soldiers. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to measure depressive symptoms, martial adjustment, social supports, stressful life events, military satisfaction, military performance, and coping. Differences between the 147 soldier-parents with a handicapped child and those without were examined using one-way analyses of variance. The results indicated that soldier-parents with a handicapped child showed significantly higher depressive symptoms, including lower scores on coping, less favorable perception of their military skills and abilities, and more pessimistic attitudes about their long-term military career options, than did the comparison group. Differences in marital satisfaction were not found. Also, perceived social supports played a significantly greater role in buffering the effects of stress on marital adjustment among families with a handicapped child than among those without.
This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Social Anthropology, Witwatersrand Universit... more This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Social Anthropology, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, South Africa in 1976 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. It represents four years of multi-method fieldwork (from 1972 to 1975) in the Gujarati Indian community of Johannesburg, a group with cherished ancestral traditions, confronted with western influences and the hardships of living under apartheid. The research focused on marriage, family life, and gender roles within the family and community. Methods included the classical anthropological approaches of participant observation and interviews with key informants leading to a detailed account of community and family life. The author also conducted 10 in-depth case studies of social networks involving friendship, neighborhood, family and lineage relationships. In addition, the author conducted a survey of 200 households, which included administering a questionnaire to married women regarding the degree of input they had in the selection of their husbands. For the purposed of this publication, the genealogical charts and the regional and city maps were reconstructed using available computer software, and the spelling, punctuation as well as some grammar were changed to reflect common American usage.
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For the purposed of this publication, the genealogical charts and the regional and city maps were reconstructed using available computer software, and the spelling, punctuation as well as some grammar were changed to reflect common American usage.