In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and... more In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and protective factors for involvement in IPV are reviewed. In defining IPV, both perpetration of and victimization by act of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression are considered, along with injuries, which are a key indicator of physical IPV. Organized within the levels of an ecological or dynamic developmental systems model, risk and protective factors are considered within the domains of (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Findings of a prior systematic review of risk factors (Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK, Partner Abuse 3:231-280, 2012) are summarized and extended by considering findings of recent reviews and empirical studies. Recommendations for prevention and intervention based on the review findings are presented.
All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
To date, our knowledge of the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children&... more To date, our knowledge of the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children's functioning via parenting have relied on individual approaches, effectively placing parents outside of a relationship context, and greatly neglecting to incorporate fathers. The present study addresses these gaps by utilizing a dyadic model to assess how mothers' and fathers' psychological and physical IPV perpetration in early childhood (age 5 years) predicts both their own and each other's parenting in midchildhood (age 7 years) and, in turn, children's social and scholastic competence in late childhood (ages 11-12 years). Such models reflect the current consensus that bidirectional IPV is the most common pattern among couples. The present study involved 175 children (87 females) of 105 mothers and 102 fathers who were originally in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS, N = 206). Simple mediation results suggest maternal involvement in parenting is an important mediational mechanism for the relation between maternal IPV as a perpetrator and victim and childhood competencies. Similarly, father's involvement with parenting served as a mediational mechanism for social competence but only for his own IPV perpetration. Dyadic actor-partner models with maternal and paternal parenting yielded few significant mediational pathways, which is likely partially due to strong shared variance across partners in both IPV and parenting, leaving little unique variance. Overall, results indicated that father's IPV perpetration adds valuable information in explaining child adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
School psychology quarterly : the official journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2014
Bullying prevention efforts have yielded mixed effects over the last 20 years. Program effectiven... more Bullying prevention efforts have yielded mixed effects over the last 20 years. Program effectiveness is driven by a number of factors (e.g., program elements and implementation), but there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the role of school climate on the impact of bullying prevention programs. This gap is surprising, given research suggesting that bullying problems and climate are strongly related. The current study examines the moderating role of school climate on the impacts of a stand-alone bullying prevention curriculum. In addition, the current study examined 2 different dimensions of school climate across both student and staff perceptions. Data for this study were derived from a Steps to Respect (STR) randomized efficacy trial that was conducted in 33 elementary schools over a 1-year period. Schools were randomly assigned to intervention or wait-listed control condition. Outcome measures (pre-to-post) were obtained from (a) all school staff, (b) a randomly selecte...
BACKGROUND Associations of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and parent-to-child aggres... more BACKGROUND Associations of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA) with child adjustment have not been examined adequately for community samples. OBJECTIVE To examine main, cumulative, and interactive associations of IPV and PCA (separately for physical and psychological aggression) with four aspects of child adjustment (i.e., externalizing and internalizing behavior; social and scholastic competence). Associations were examined between (a) G1 parent behavior and the adjustment of G2 boys (N = 203) at ages 13-14 years and (b) G2 parent behavior and the adjustment of G3 children (N = 294) at ages 4-5 and 11-12 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Families in a prospective, multigenerational dataset. METHODS Measures included reports by caregivers, children, and teachers. Cross-sectional regression models (controlling for parent socioeconomic status and G3 child gender) examined: (a) main effects of IPV or PCA, (b) the simultaneous (i.e., cumulative) effects of both IPV and PCA, and (c) interactive effects of IPV and PCA (sample size permitting) on each of the child adjustment outcomes. RESULTS When considered simultaneously, PCA (but not IPV) was associated with each aspect of child adjustment. The interaction between PCA and IPV indicated lower G2 adolescent scholastic competence and greater G3 preschool externalizing behavior for children exposed to lower levels of IPV and higher levels of PCA. CONCLUSION Psychological and physical PCA were associated with child adjustment problems even when accounting for IPV. Findings support the use of evidence-based programs to prevent PCA and PCA-associated child adjustment problems.
Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan
In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and... more In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and protective factors for involvement in IPV are reviewed. In defining IPV, both perpetration of and victimization by act of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression are considered, along with injuries, which are a key indicator of physical IPV. Organized within the levels of an ecological or dynamic developmental systems model, risk and protective factors are considered within the domains of (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Findings of a prior systematic review of risk factors (Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK, Partner Abuse 3:231-280, 2012) are summarized and extended by considering findings of recent reviews and empirical studies. Recommendations for prevention and intervention based on the review findings are presented.
In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and... more In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and protective factors for involvement in IPV are reviewed. In defining IPV, both perpetration of and victimization by act of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression are considered, along with injuries, which are a key indicator of physical IPV. Organized within the levels of an ecological or dynamic developmental systems model, risk and protective factors are considered within the domains of (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Findings of a prior systematic review of risk factors (Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK, Partner Abuse 3:231-280, 2012) are summarized and extended by considering findings of recent reviews and empirical studies. Recommendations for prevention and intervention based on the review findings are presented.
All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
To date, our knowledge of the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children&... more To date, our knowledge of the effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children's functioning via parenting have relied on individual approaches, effectively placing parents outside of a relationship context, and greatly neglecting to incorporate fathers. The present study addresses these gaps by utilizing a dyadic model to assess how mothers' and fathers' psychological and physical IPV perpetration in early childhood (age 5 years) predicts both their own and each other's parenting in midchildhood (age 7 years) and, in turn, children's social and scholastic competence in late childhood (ages 11-12 years). Such models reflect the current consensus that bidirectional IPV is the most common pattern among couples. The present study involved 175 children (87 females) of 105 mothers and 102 fathers who were originally in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS, N = 206). Simple mediation results suggest maternal involvement in parenting is an important mediational mechanism for the relation between maternal IPV as a perpetrator and victim and childhood competencies. Similarly, father's involvement with parenting served as a mediational mechanism for social competence but only for his own IPV perpetration. Dyadic actor-partner models with maternal and paternal parenting yielded few significant mediational pathways, which is likely partially due to strong shared variance across partners in both IPV and parenting, leaving little unique variance. Overall, results indicated that father's IPV perpetration adds valuable information in explaining child adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
School psychology quarterly : the official journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2014
Bullying prevention efforts have yielded mixed effects over the last 20 years. Program effectiven... more Bullying prevention efforts have yielded mixed effects over the last 20 years. Program effectiveness is driven by a number of factors (e.g., program elements and implementation), but there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the role of school climate on the impact of bullying prevention programs. This gap is surprising, given research suggesting that bullying problems and climate are strongly related. The current study examines the moderating role of school climate on the impacts of a stand-alone bullying prevention curriculum. In addition, the current study examined 2 different dimensions of school climate across both student and staff perceptions. Data for this study were derived from a Steps to Respect (STR) randomized efficacy trial that was conducted in 33 elementary schools over a 1-year period. Schools were randomly assigned to intervention or wait-listed control condition. Outcome measures (pre-to-post) were obtained from (a) all school staff, (b) a randomly selecte...
BACKGROUND Associations of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and parent-to-child aggres... more BACKGROUND Associations of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA) with child adjustment have not been examined adequately for community samples. OBJECTIVE To examine main, cumulative, and interactive associations of IPV and PCA (separately for physical and psychological aggression) with four aspects of child adjustment (i.e., externalizing and internalizing behavior; social and scholastic competence). Associations were examined between (a) G1 parent behavior and the adjustment of G2 boys (N = 203) at ages 13-14 years and (b) G2 parent behavior and the adjustment of G3 children (N = 294) at ages 4-5 and 11-12 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Families in a prospective, multigenerational dataset. METHODS Measures included reports by caregivers, children, and teachers. Cross-sectional regression models (controlling for parent socioeconomic status and G3 child gender) examined: (a) main effects of IPV or PCA, (b) the simultaneous (i.e., cumulative) effects of both IPV and PCA, and (c) interactive effects of IPV and PCA (sample size permitting) on each of the child adjustment outcomes. RESULTS When considered simultaneously, PCA (but not IPV) was associated with each aspect of child adjustment. The interaction between PCA and IPV indicated lower G2 adolescent scholastic competence and greater G3 preschool externalizing behavior for children exposed to lower levels of IPV and higher levels of PCA. CONCLUSION Psychological and physical PCA were associated with child adjustment problems even when accounting for IPV. Findings support the use of evidence-based programs to prevent PCA and PCA-associated child adjustment problems.
Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan
In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and... more In this chapter, theory regarding the development of intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk and protective factors for involvement in IPV are reviewed. In defining IPV, both perpetration of and victimization by act of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression are considered, along with injuries, which are a key indicator of physical IPV. Organized within the levels of an ecological or dynamic developmental systems model, risk and protective factors are considered within the domains of (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Findings of a prior systematic review of risk factors (Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK, Partner Abuse 3:231-280, 2012) are summarized and extended by considering findings of recent reviews and empirical studies. Recommendations for prevention and intervention based on the review findings are presented.
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