Global warming and ozone layer depletion have become major environmental issues in public discuss... more Global warming and ozone layer depletion have become major environmental issues in public discuss.Man's quest for comfort and means of survival has impacted the environment in such a manner that the sustainability ofour environmental is now threatened. This paper attempts to examine the impact ofglobal warming and ozone layer depletion on the sustainabilityofthe environment. Data was mainlysourced from secondary sources to review the concepts of global warming, zone and ozone layer depletion and environmental sustainability. The study found that onone hand, major greenhouse gasses such as Carbon dioxide (CO2),Methane (CH4), and Nitrous oxide (N2O) has posed a serious threat to the environment,causing rapid changes in global temperature, extreme weather patterns, super-storms, ecosystem impacts,rising sea levels, failing agricultural output. On the other hand, Ozone layer depletion is caused by Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) such as Trichlorofluoromethane, CFCI3 Dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2Clzand 1,1,2 Trichlorotrifluoroethane, CF2CICFCl2. Attendant effects ofozone layer depletion on the environment include impact on human health such as skin cancers, sunburns, premature aging of the skin, cataracts,blindness and other eye diseases including the lens, cornea, retina. The studyalso found that global warming mayalter the configuration ofthe atmosphere and therefore affects the natural processes that create Ozone layer. The study recommends reduction in energy use, change in buying habit, change in transport habit,prevention of deforestation as measures to avert the threat posed to the sustainability of the environment by global warming and ozone layer depletion.
Climate variability occurs generally at global, regional and local scale. Rainfall is the most va... more Climate variability occurs generally at global, regional and local scale. Rainfall is the most variable of all climatic elements and determines the growing season in most African countries like Nigeria. In Benue State, it has been documented that, the changing trend in rainfall characteristic has the potential to influence crop production significantly, from site selection to harvest and marketing, in Nigeria. It is on this premise therefore, this paper focused on examining the observed evidence of rainfall variability over 39 years (1979-2017) and its influence on the food security in Yandev district of Gboko local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The result indicates that there is a variability in Yandev district of Gboko LGA and the entire states in Nigeria observed variability of rainfall even at global scale. The result shows that There is a trend observed in annual rainfall amount for the period under study. Apparently, evidence of which was seen recent increase in torrential rainfall which may cause flash floods and food disaster, unpredicted rainfall pattern, dying up rivers as well as other climate related disasters can be seen as a threat to food security in Yandev district of Gboko LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. It is recommended that, it is recommended that efforts to improve farmers' awareness and application of climate information, especially the seasonal prediction (SRP) by Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) should be increased, and future policies should enhance access to credit/loan facilities by farmers to enable them implement the appropriate adaptation strategies to fight food security. .
Abstract
The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Governmen... more Abstract The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Banditry is serious security challenge in Katsina-Ala where bandits have continued to ravage the agricultural activities of the region. The menace posed by banditry has affected farmers income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. The population of the study in the ten district wards is given at 30,892. A systematic sampling of household are selected at regular interval from the sampling frame. The x/nth of every individual household of every 50 from the population is selected, 100/50 as a sample frame of farmers for each of the ten wards was adopted to select 217 farmer households. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency) and multiple regressions. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience farming. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Displacement of farmers from their native markets to nearby markets (xĚ… =2.42) and rising of the price of farm produce stead (xĚ… =2.20) were the major constraints faced by farmers. It was recommended that farmers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for farmers in the study area Key words: Effects, Banditry activities, Income and Farmers
The prevalence of banditry has contributed to the rising cases of insecurity as a potential threa... more The prevalence of banditry has contributed to the rising cases of insecurity as a potential threat to development of Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State. These activities pose a threat on the political, social and economic lives of the people as it portends a threat to sustainable rural development in the affected area. Regrettably these rural areas that are vital to the socioeconomic development of the geographical area faced with the problem of retarded rural development. The objectives of the study are to identify the number of districts affected by the banditry activities in the study area; explain the impacts of banditry on rural development in the study area; examine the efforts of the government for rural Development in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area and recommend measure towards tackling banditry to improve rural development in Katsina-Ala Local government area. The writers adopt survey as their methodology to analysing the paper. Data were collected through two sets of semi-structured multi-choice questionnaires, the study area was represented with the aid of a pie chart showing the area coverage of banditry activities and the activities of bandits were analysed using percentages. The paper found out that, banditry have negative impact on rural development in the killing, kidnapping, regional isolation and destruction of properties and farm lands in Katsina-Ala area of Benue State. It was recommended that, Sankera axis should be educated on the negative effects of abetting and supporting banditry activities. It is also imperative to give vital/adequate information about their where about as the will assist the security operatives in their fight to ameliorate the suffering of the people of Katsina-Ala Local Government Area.
Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local gove... more Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local government area, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) Geography teachers and Eighty (80) students which were randomly selected from five (5) Secondary schools in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue state. A total of one hundred (100) respondents formed the sample size were sampled. Data on geography teachers and students in senior secondary schools and data on the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and mean statistics. Any mean that is lower than 2.50 is rejected while any mean of 2.50 and above is accepted. There are indicators that establish a link between the use of ICT and students' result in examination. ICT has positive impact on student's performances in secondary schools particularly in Geography as the majority of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that ICT is an important tool in the teaching and learning process in education. The study concludes that regular training and seminars should be organized for Geography teachers in senior secondary schools on the application of ICT to enhance the teaching of Geography.
The study assessed crop farmers' perceived rainfall variability and its impact, and adaptation st... more The study assessed crop farmers' perceived rainfall variability and its impact, and adaptation strategy in Yandev district, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 107 farmers were sampled from six registered farming cooperative societies. Data on crop farmers were obtained from structured questionnaire, and rainfall data were acquired for 37 years (1981-2017) from Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev. The data on farmers' perception were analysed using descriptive statistics while correlation analysis was used to examine the trend in the variability of rainfall variables. Farmers' perceived an increasing trend, decreasing trend and negligible change in onset and cessation of the rainy season and annual rainfall, while the observed variability showed increasing trend in all the rainfall variables. There is agreement between the perceived and observed variability for onset of the rainy season. Majority of the farmers (64%-87%) perceived that variability in the three rainfall variables has huge influence on crop production. The farmers (74%) prefered diversifying livelihood sources as the major adaptation strategy to rainfall variability. The study concludes that crop farmers need insurance against climate related losses and recommends that crop farmers should incorporate meteorological predictions in planning their farming activities.
Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local gove... more Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local government area, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) Geography teachers and Eighty (80) students which were randomly selected from five (5) Secondary schools in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue state. A total of one hundred (100) respondents formed the sample size were sampled. Data on geography teachers and students in senior secondary schools and data on the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and mean statistics. Any mean that is lower than 2.50 is rejected while any mean of 2.50 and above is accepted. There are indicators that establish a link between the use of ICT and students' result in examination. ICT has positive impact on student's performances in secondary schools particularly in Geography as the majority of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that ICT is an important tool in the teaching and learning process in education. The study concludes that regular training and seminars should be organized for Geography teachers in senior secondary schools on the application of ICT to enhance the teaching of Geography.
Global warming and ozone layer depletion have become major environmental issues in public discuss... more Global warming and ozone layer depletion have become major environmental issues in public discuss.Man's quest for comfort and means of survival has impacted the environment in such a manner that the sustainability ofour environmental is now threatened. This paper attempts to examine the impact ofglobal warming and ozone layer depletion on the sustainabilityofthe environment. Data was mainlysourced from secondary sources to review the concepts of global warming, zone and ozone layer depletion and environmental sustainability. The study found that onone hand, major greenhouse gasses such as Carbon dioxide (CO2),Methane (CH4), and Nitrous oxide (N2O) has posed a serious threat to the environment,causing rapid changes in global temperature, extreme weather patterns, super-storms, ecosystem impacts,rising sea levels, failing agricultural output. On the other hand, Ozone layer depletion is caused by Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) such as Trichlorofluoromethane, CFCI3 Dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2Clzand 1,1,2 Trichlorotrifluoroethane, CF2CICFCl2. Attendant effects ofozone layer depletion on the environment include impact on human health such as skin cancers, sunburns, premature aging of the skin, cataracts,blindness and other eye diseases including the lens, cornea, retina. The studyalso found that global warming mayalter the configuration ofthe atmosphere and therefore affects the natural processes that create Ozone layer. The study recommends reduction in energy use, change in buying habit, change in transport habit,prevention of deforestation as measures to avert the threat posed to the sustainability of the environment by global warming and ozone layer depletion.
Climate variability occurs generally at global, regional and local scale. Rainfall is the most va... more Climate variability occurs generally at global, regional and local scale. Rainfall is the most variable of all climatic elements and determines the growing season in most African countries like Nigeria. In Benue State, it has been documented that, the changing trend in rainfall characteristic has the potential to influence crop production significantly, from site selection to harvest and marketing, in Nigeria. It is on this premise therefore, this paper focused on examining the observed evidence of rainfall variability over 39 years (1979-2017) and its influence on the food security in Yandev district of Gboko local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The result indicates that there is a variability in Yandev district of Gboko LGA and the entire states in Nigeria observed variability of rainfall even at global scale. The result shows that There is a trend observed in annual rainfall amount for the period under study. Apparently, evidence of which was seen recent increase in torrential rainfall which may cause flash floods and food disaster, unpredicted rainfall pattern, dying up rivers as well as other climate related disasters can be seen as a threat to food security in Yandev district of Gboko LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. It is recommended that, it is recommended that efforts to improve farmers' awareness and application of climate information, especially the seasonal prediction (SRP) by Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) should be increased, and future policies should enhance access to credit/loan facilities by farmers to enable them implement the appropriate adaptation strategies to fight food security. .
Abstract
The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Governmen... more Abstract The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Banditry is serious security challenge in Katsina-Ala where bandits have continued to ravage the agricultural activities of the region. The menace posed by banditry has affected farmers income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. The population of the study in the ten district wards is given at 30,892. A systematic sampling of household are selected at regular interval from the sampling frame. The x/nth of every individual household of every 50 from the population is selected, 100/50 as a sample frame of farmers for each of the ten wards was adopted to select 217 farmer households. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency) and multiple regressions. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience farming. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Displacement of farmers from their native markets to nearby markets (xĚ… =2.42) and rising of the price of farm produce stead (xĚ… =2.20) were the major constraints faced by farmers. It was recommended that farmers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for farmers in the study area Key words: Effects, Banditry activities, Income and Farmers
The prevalence of banditry has contributed to the rising cases of insecurity as a potential threa... more The prevalence of banditry has contributed to the rising cases of insecurity as a potential threat to development of Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State. These activities pose a threat on the political, social and economic lives of the people as it portends a threat to sustainable rural development in the affected area. Regrettably these rural areas that are vital to the socioeconomic development of the geographical area faced with the problem of retarded rural development. The objectives of the study are to identify the number of districts affected by the banditry activities in the study area; explain the impacts of banditry on rural development in the study area; examine the efforts of the government for rural Development in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area and recommend measure towards tackling banditry to improve rural development in Katsina-Ala Local government area. The writers adopt survey as their methodology to analysing the paper. Data were collected through two sets of semi-structured multi-choice questionnaires, the study area was represented with the aid of a pie chart showing the area coverage of banditry activities and the activities of bandits were analysed using percentages. The paper found out that, banditry have negative impact on rural development in the killing, kidnapping, regional isolation and destruction of properties and farm lands in Katsina-Ala area of Benue State. It was recommended that, Sankera axis should be educated on the negative effects of abetting and supporting banditry activities. It is also imperative to give vital/adequate information about their where about as the will assist the security operatives in their fight to ameliorate the suffering of the people of Katsina-Ala Local Government Area.
Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local gove... more Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local government area, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) Geography teachers and Eighty (80) students which were randomly selected from five (5) Secondary schools in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue state. A total of one hundred (100) respondents formed the sample size were sampled. Data on geography teachers and students in senior secondary schools and data on the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and mean statistics. Any mean that is lower than 2.50 is rejected while any mean of 2.50 and above is accepted. There are indicators that establish a link between the use of ICT and students' result in examination. ICT has positive impact on student's performances in secondary schools particularly in Geography as the majority of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that ICT is an important tool in the teaching and learning process in education. The study concludes that regular training and seminars should be organized for Geography teachers in senior secondary schools on the application of ICT to enhance the teaching of Geography.
The study assessed crop farmers' perceived rainfall variability and its impact, and adaptation st... more The study assessed crop farmers' perceived rainfall variability and its impact, and adaptation strategy in Yandev district, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 107 farmers were sampled from six registered farming cooperative societies. Data on crop farmers were obtained from structured questionnaire, and rainfall data were acquired for 37 years (1981-2017) from Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev. The data on farmers' perception were analysed using descriptive statistics while correlation analysis was used to examine the trend in the variability of rainfall variables. Farmers' perceived an increasing trend, decreasing trend and negligible change in onset and cessation of the rainy season and annual rainfall, while the observed variability showed increasing trend in all the rainfall variables. There is agreement between the perceived and observed variability for onset of the rainy season. Majority of the farmers (64%-87%) perceived that variability in the three rainfall variables has huge influence on crop production. The farmers (74%) prefered diversifying livelihood sources as the major adaptation strategy to rainfall variability. The study concludes that crop farmers need insurance against climate related losses and recommends that crop farmers should incorporate meteorological predictions in planning their farming activities.
Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local gove... more Study evaluates the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography in Ukum local government area, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) Geography teachers and Eighty (80) students which were randomly selected from five (5) Secondary schools in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue state. A total of one hundred (100) respondents formed the sample size were sampled. Data on geography teachers and students in senior secondary schools and data on the influence of ICT in the teaching and learning of geography were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and mean statistics. Any mean that is lower than 2.50 is rejected while any mean of 2.50 and above is accepted. There are indicators that establish a link between the use of ICT and students' result in examination. ICT has positive impact on student's performances in secondary schools particularly in Geography as the majority of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that ICT is an important tool in the teaching and learning process in education. The study concludes that regular training and seminars should be organized for Geography teachers in senior secondary schools on the application of ICT to enhance the teaching of Geography.
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Papers by Lubem Tsavhemba
The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Banditry is serious security challenge in Katsina-Ala where bandits have continued to ravage the agricultural activities of the region. The menace posed by banditry has affected farmers income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. The population of the study in the ten district wards is given at 30,892. A systematic sampling of household are selected at regular interval from the sampling frame. The x/nth of every individual household of every 50 from the population is selected, 100/50 as a sample frame of farmers for each of the ten wards was adopted to select 217 farmer households. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency) and multiple regressions. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience farming. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Displacement of farmers from their native markets to nearby markets (xĚ… =2.42) and rising of the price of farm produce stead (xĚ… =2.20) were the major constraints faced by farmers. It was recommended that farmers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for farmers in the study area
Key words: Effects, Banditry activities, Income and Farmers
The study was on effects of banditry on income of farmers in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Banditry is serious security challenge in Katsina-Ala where bandits have continued to ravage the agricultural activities of the region. The menace posed by banditry has affected farmers income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. The population of the study in the ten district wards is given at 30,892. A systematic sampling of household are selected at regular interval from the sampling frame. The x/nth of every individual household of every 50 from the population is selected, 100/50 as a sample frame of farmers for each of the ten wards was adopted to select 217 farmer households. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency) and multiple regressions. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience farming. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Displacement of farmers from their native markets to nearby markets (xĚ… =2.42) and rising of the price of farm produce stead (xĚ… =2.20) were the major constraints faced by farmers. It was recommended that farmers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for farmers in the study area
Key words: Effects, Banditry activities, Income and Farmers