Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational risk hazard that explains 5 to 5.361 additional cases of TB ... more Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational risk hazard that explains 5 to 5.361 additional cases of TB per 100.000 individuals among healthcare workers (HCW) in relation to general population in developing countries. For each clinical case a number of additional infections are occurring, that can be detected by tuberculin skin test conversion among non-BCG vaccinated HCW or by interferon-gamma testing. Risk factors for HCW infection include number of TB patients examined, job characteristics and place of work, delay in diagnostic suspicion, patients with multidrug resistant strains, limited access to appropriate ventilation systems, noncompliance with aerosol dissemination precautions, immune suppressed and/or malnourished HCW. Molecular studies suggest that only 32 to 42% of TB cases among HCW are related to occupational exposure. Useful measures to prevent occupational TB acquisition include a number of administrative-, infrastructure- and personal-related measures that have proven to be
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2021
BACKGROUND The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to det... more BACKGROUND The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to determine the optimal dosage of antimicrobials, an essential approach in pediatrics. AIM To describe the monitoring of plasma antimicrobial levels and dose adjustment in the pediatric population to determine if the doses used reach therapeutic ranges. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive study using a database with measurement of plasma levels of amikacin and vancomycin in pediatric patients at San Borja Arriarán Hospital between 2015-2018. The number of patients who reached the therapeutic range with the initial dose, how many required adjustment and their characteristics were determined. RESULTS 104 total levels were monitored. For vancomycin 65 plasmatic levels were baseline, being outside the therapeutic range 56.5%; 25% of those requiring adjustment were neonates with a higher probability of being out of range versus others (p = 0.022). For amikacin, Cpeak was in range in 60% of measurem...
Resumo: Se probaron 68 muestras de hombres y 67 mujeres de sueros anti ABO con glóbulos rojos de ... more Resumo: Se probaron 68 muestras de hombres y 67 mujeres de sueros anti ABO con glóbulos rojos de ratones silvestres. Sesenta y cinco muestras en ambos casos aglutinaron los glóbulos rojos de ratón. Considerando o no el grupo sanguíneo ABO de los donantes, ...
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, Apr 1, 2018
The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it... more The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it is performed routinely in case of suspected early or late sepsis. The purpose of this document is to standardize the sampling technique in order to increase its performance and establish criteria to interpret a positive blood culture.
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2017
Over the past few years immigration has become an important issue in Chile. Particular attention ... more Over the past few years immigration has become an important issue in Chile. Particular attention should be paid in foreign pregnant mothers. Infectious diseases screening in this group greatly reduce the risk of transmission to the fetus with appropriate therapy.
Revista chilena de infectologia: organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia
Ventilator associated pneumonia is a life threatening disease, in spite of advances in its treatm... more Ventilator associated pneumonia is a life threatening disease, in spite of advances in its treatment, consequently the development of prevention strategies is a key factor in improving the morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). The new developments in this field in the last years led to the need to update the recommendations done in 2001. Then, a new search and analysis of scientific literature was performed. The obtained data support different strategies highlighting: semi-recumbent position at 45 degrees of patients; incorporation of routinely oral hygiene procedures with chlorhexidine; preference of orotracheal intubation; performing subglotic aspiration; use of standard hand hygiene techniques; not routine change of ventilator circuits; and defining bundles to organize the work at ICU. Some strategies were recommended for being of similar efficacy to others but cost-effective as: use of heat and moisture humidificators; and changing humidificators every 5 to 7 da...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational risk hazard that explains 5 to 5.361 additional cases of TB ... more Tuberculosis (TB) is an occupational risk hazard that explains 5 to 5.361 additional cases of TB per 100.000 individuals among healthcare workers (HCW) in relation to general population in developing countries. For each clinical case a number of additional infections are occurring, that can be detected by tuberculin skin test conversion among non-BCG vaccinated HCW or by interferon-gamma testing. Risk factors for HCW infection include number of TB patients examined, job characteristics and place of work, delay in diagnostic suspicion, patients with multidrug resistant strains, limited access to appropriate ventilation systems, noncompliance with aerosol dissemination precautions, immune suppressed and/or malnourished HCW. Molecular studies suggest that only 32 to 42% of TB cases among HCW are related to occupational exposure. Useful measures to prevent occupational TB acquisition include a number of administrative-, infrastructure- and personal-related measures that have proven to be
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2021
BACKGROUND The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to det... more BACKGROUND The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to determine the optimal dosage of antimicrobials, an essential approach in pediatrics. AIM To describe the monitoring of plasma antimicrobial levels and dose adjustment in the pediatric population to determine if the doses used reach therapeutic ranges. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive study using a database with measurement of plasma levels of amikacin and vancomycin in pediatric patients at San Borja Arriarán Hospital between 2015-2018. The number of patients who reached the therapeutic range with the initial dose, how many required adjustment and their characteristics were determined. RESULTS 104 total levels were monitored. For vancomycin 65 plasmatic levels were baseline, being outside the therapeutic range 56.5%; 25% of those requiring adjustment were neonates with a higher probability of being out of range versus others (p = 0.022). For amikacin, Cpeak was in range in 60% of measurem...
Resumo: Se probaron 68 muestras de hombres y 67 mujeres de sueros anti ABO con glóbulos rojos de ... more Resumo: Se probaron 68 muestras de hombres y 67 mujeres de sueros anti ABO con glóbulos rojos de ratones silvestres. Sesenta y cinco muestras en ambos casos aglutinaron los glóbulos rojos de ratón. Considerando o no el grupo sanguíneo ABO de los donantes, ...
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, Apr 1, 2018
The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it... more The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it is performed routinely in case of suspected early or late sepsis. The purpose of this document is to standardize the sampling technique in order to increase its performance and establish criteria to interpret a positive blood culture.
Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2017
Over the past few years immigration has become an important issue in Chile. Particular attention ... more Over the past few years immigration has become an important issue in Chile. Particular attention should be paid in foreign pregnant mothers. Infectious diseases screening in this group greatly reduce the risk of transmission to the fetus with appropriate therapy.
Revista chilena de infectologia: organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia
Ventilator associated pneumonia is a life threatening disease, in spite of advances in its treatm... more Ventilator associated pneumonia is a life threatening disease, in spite of advances in its treatment, consequently the development of prevention strategies is a key factor in improving the morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). The new developments in this field in the last years led to the need to update the recommendations done in 2001. Then, a new search and analysis of scientific literature was performed. The obtained data support different strategies highlighting: semi-recumbent position at 45 degrees of patients; incorporation of routinely oral hygiene procedures with chlorhexidine; preference of orotracheal intubation; performing subglotic aspiration; use of standard hand hygiene techniques; not routine change of ventilator circuits; and defining bundles to organize the work at ICU. Some strategies were recommended for being of similar efficacy to others but cost-effective as: use of heat and moisture humidificators; and changing humidificators every 5 to 7 da...
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