Comparamos dos tipos de recorridos guiados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (La Paz, Boli... more Comparamos dos tipos de recorridos guiados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (La Paz, Bolivia) en relación a seis variables de respuesta medidas en grupos de estudiantes de 4º a 6º de primaria. Uno de los recorridos (GT) incluye una metodología tradicional de transmisión del conocimiento del guía al visitante. El otro recorrido (SI) utiliza la metodología de Senderos de Indagación, basado en la construcción del conocimiento por parte del visitante, facilitada por el guía. En los recorridos SI registramos mayor porcentaje de estudiantes atentos, que participaron de manera reflexiva sobre lo observado y que participaron reflexionando sobre su entorno en relación a lo observado. No encontramos diferencias entre los recorridos en el porcentaje de estudiantes que participaron en relación a lo observado. No encontramos diferencias cuantitativas, pero sí cualitativas, en el número de respuestas sobre aprendizajes nuevos y sobre cambios que podrían hacer en su entorno. Concluimos que...
El conocimiento del ámbito de hogar (AH) y del uso del hábitat de las especies es importante para... more El conocimiento del ámbito de hogar (AH) y del uso del hábitat de las especies es importante para comprender sus requisitos ecológicos. Evaluamos el AH y el uso de microhábitat de Liolaemus forsteri, una especie endémica de los Andes de Bolivia, mediante muestreo focal y registro de movimiento desde sus refugios y comparamos los resultados con especies filogenéticamente relacionadas (grupo Boulengeri). El tamaño del AH se estimó mediante un análisis de polígono mínimo convexo ajustado. Cuantificamos el uso de microhábitat registrando el tiempo de permanencia de 26 individuos en ocho tipos de microhábitat disponibles. El AH encontrado (31,2 m2, DE=35.7) no difirió entre machos y hembras. Los microhábitats más utilizados, considerando su disponibilidad en el sitio de estudio, fueron la vegetación baja, el borde de guarida, las rocas y vegetación de tipo cojín. Liolaemus forsteri tuvo un AH menor que otras del grupo Boulengeri. Las condiciones climáticas del sitio se proponen como po...
1Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Quetena Chico, Provincia Sud Lipez, Departamento de Potos... more 1Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Quetena Chico, Provincia Sud Lipez, Departamento de Potosí, Bolivia. 2Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Colección Boliviana de Fauna Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario, Calle 27 Cota Cota La Paz, Bolivia. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. 4Centro de Biología Teórica y Aplicada (BIOTABolivia), Av. Las Retamas No. 15, Zona de Cota Cota, La Paz Bolivia, * Autor de correspondencia
The fires that occurred in 2019 burned more than 2 million hectares of Chiquitano forest in Boliv... more The fires that occurred in 2019 burned more than 2 million hectares of Chiquitano forest in Bolivia. Using theoretical tools, based on allometry, we estimated that the number of mammals killed directly by fire was approximately 5.914.527 individuals. The major part occurred in protected areas with numbers per species varying between four jaguars up to> 3,6 million rodents. Estimates based on field sampling indicate the possible death of
3,060 individuals of Tayassu pecari and 6,220 of Pecari tajacu. Our estimates are not unrealistic, when compared with limited field data; and they show the magnitude of the damage caused by policies leading to the advancement of the agricultural frontier.
Lizard species have diverse behavioral and physiological responses to thermo-environmental condit... more Lizard species have diverse behavioral and physiological responses to thermo-environmental conditions, which allow them to inhabit a broad range of latitudes and elevations. Because the availability of suitable thermal resources is limited and more variable at high-elevation environments than at lower elevations, we expect high-elevation lizards to be constrained in their thermoregulation relative to lizards at lower elevations by the fewer available thermal resources to reach optimal temperatures (colder environment). We studied the thermal biology of an endemic and Critically Endangered lizard, Liolaemus aparicioi, to assess its thermal responses along a 1000 m elevational gradient in La Paz Valley from May to August of 2015 (dry season). We took field body and microhabitat temperatures at capture sites (substrate and air above ground), and body size (snout-vent length and mass) of individuals at Taypichullo (3000 m asl), Gran Jardín de la Revolución Municipal Park (3500 m asl), a...
Abstract: Despite the existence of several regional studies on the diet of the Andean bear (Trema... more Abstract: Despite the existence of several regional studies on the diet of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), there is a lack of information about the effects of human disturbances on this species' foraging ecology. Our main goal was to compare Andean bear diet composition between a disturbed area (DA) close to a paved road versus an undisturbed area (UA) far away from it, within the Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cotapata, Bolivia. We collected 120 feces samples between October and November 2014—60 samples from each area. We identified 13 species from the feces collected at UA, whereas we identified only 7 species from the feces at DA. Mean number of identified food items per fecal sample at UA was 2.90 (SD = 0.86) and significantly greater (t = –4.32, = 118 df, P < 0.001) than DA mean 1.95 (SD = 1.43). Levin's index points to a specialist diet for Andean bears at both areas, but niche breadth at the UA (0.083) was almost twice the value at DA (0.043). Almost half of the items were found at both the UA and the DA (Jaccard's index = 0.538). Simpson's Diversity index ([UA] = 0.310, [DA] = 0.167) shows that Andean bear diet at the UA was also more equitable, as well as less dominated by a single item (Inverse Simpson index N [DA] = 3.229, N [UA] = 5.997). These results suggest that the presence of a road may affect Andean bear foraging ecology.
ContextUnderstanding the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of species is an i... more ContextUnderstanding the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of species is an important aim of ecology and prerequisite for conservation. The Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita) and the pampas cat (L. colocolo) are two of the least studied felids. Both are threatened, of similar size and live sympatrically in the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú. AimsWe aimed at estimating the population densities of the Andean cat and pampas cat in two continuous areas and to analyse the activity patterns of these two species and that of mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia), the main prey of the Andean cat. MethodsWe used camera traps to evaluate the density of both felid species using the space explicit capture recapture (SECR) framework and the overlap in their activity patterns with that of mountain vizcacha, using the kernel-density estimator in two contiguous areas in the Bolivian Altiplano, at Muro-Amaya and at Micani, both within the Ciudad de Piedra region. Key re...
Actividad y uso del hábitat de Pseudalopex culpaeus en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia)... more Actividad y uso del hábitat de Pseudalopex culpaeus en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia) Actividad y uso del hábitat de un zorro culpeo y su cría (Pseudalopex culpaeus) en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia) Activity and habitat use by a culpeo fox (Pseudalopex culpaeus) and its cub in Sajama National Park (Oruro, El conocimiento del zorro culpeo (Pseudalopex culpaeus) proviene principalmente de estudios en Chile y Argentina, donde se han reportado ámbitos de hogar entre 3.7 y 896 km 2 (Johnson & Franklin 1994, Diuk-Wasser 1995, Salvatori et al. 1999, Jiménez et al. 2001) y una selección positiva de fragmentos de bosque, matorrales (Johnson & Franklin 1994), quebradas (Jiménez 1993) y valles con pastizal y vegetación esteparia (Diuk-Wasser 1995). El único estudio sobre el uso del espacio de esta especie en Bolivia encontró que un macho adulto tenía un ámbito de hogar de 4.2 km 2 con actividad tanto diurna como nocturna (Rechberger 1999). En el presente estudio provee...
... Wariness of Caiman Populations and its Effect on Abundance Estimates LuIS F. PACHECO, Wildlif... more ... Wariness of Caiman Populations and its Effect on Abundance Estimates LuIS F. PACHECO, Wildlife and Range Sciences Depart-ment, University of ... This study was designed to help evaluate abun-dance estimates within a monitoring program of croc-odilians in the Beni ...
Comparamos dos tipos de recorridos guiados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (La Paz, Boli... more Comparamos dos tipos de recorridos guiados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (La Paz, Bolivia) en relación a seis variables de respuesta medidas en grupos de estudiantes de 4º a 6º de primaria. Uno de los recorridos (GT) incluye una metodología tradicional de transmisión del conocimiento del guía al visitante. El otro recorrido (SI) utiliza la metodología de Senderos de Indagación, basado en la construcción del conocimiento por parte del visitante, facilitada por el guía. En los recorridos SI registramos mayor porcentaje de estudiantes atentos, que participaron de manera reflexiva sobre lo observado y que participaron reflexionando sobre su entorno en relación a lo observado. No encontramos diferencias entre los recorridos en el porcentaje de estudiantes que participaron en relación a lo observado. No encontramos diferencias cuantitativas, pero sí cualitativas, en el número de respuestas sobre aprendizajes nuevos y sobre cambios que podrían hacer en su entorno. Concluimos que...
El conocimiento del ámbito de hogar (AH) y del uso del hábitat de las especies es importante para... more El conocimiento del ámbito de hogar (AH) y del uso del hábitat de las especies es importante para comprender sus requisitos ecológicos. Evaluamos el AH y el uso de microhábitat de Liolaemus forsteri, una especie endémica de los Andes de Bolivia, mediante muestreo focal y registro de movimiento desde sus refugios y comparamos los resultados con especies filogenéticamente relacionadas (grupo Boulengeri). El tamaño del AH se estimó mediante un análisis de polígono mínimo convexo ajustado. Cuantificamos el uso de microhábitat registrando el tiempo de permanencia de 26 individuos en ocho tipos de microhábitat disponibles. El AH encontrado (31,2 m2, DE=35.7) no difirió entre machos y hembras. Los microhábitats más utilizados, considerando su disponibilidad en el sitio de estudio, fueron la vegetación baja, el borde de guarida, las rocas y vegetación de tipo cojín. Liolaemus forsteri tuvo un AH menor que otras del grupo Boulengeri. Las condiciones climáticas del sitio se proponen como po...
1Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Quetena Chico, Provincia Sud Lipez, Departamento de Potos... more 1Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Quetena Chico, Provincia Sud Lipez, Departamento de Potosí, Bolivia. 2Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Colección Boliviana de Fauna Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario, Calle 27 Cota Cota La Paz, Bolivia. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. 4Centro de Biología Teórica y Aplicada (BIOTABolivia), Av. Las Retamas No. 15, Zona de Cota Cota, La Paz Bolivia, * Autor de correspondencia
The fires that occurred in 2019 burned more than 2 million hectares of Chiquitano forest in Boliv... more The fires that occurred in 2019 burned more than 2 million hectares of Chiquitano forest in Bolivia. Using theoretical tools, based on allometry, we estimated that the number of mammals killed directly by fire was approximately 5.914.527 individuals. The major part occurred in protected areas with numbers per species varying between four jaguars up to> 3,6 million rodents. Estimates based on field sampling indicate the possible death of
3,060 individuals of Tayassu pecari and 6,220 of Pecari tajacu. Our estimates are not unrealistic, when compared with limited field data; and they show the magnitude of the damage caused by policies leading to the advancement of the agricultural frontier.
Lizard species have diverse behavioral and physiological responses to thermo-environmental condit... more Lizard species have diverse behavioral and physiological responses to thermo-environmental conditions, which allow them to inhabit a broad range of latitudes and elevations. Because the availability of suitable thermal resources is limited and more variable at high-elevation environments than at lower elevations, we expect high-elevation lizards to be constrained in their thermoregulation relative to lizards at lower elevations by the fewer available thermal resources to reach optimal temperatures (colder environment). We studied the thermal biology of an endemic and Critically Endangered lizard, Liolaemus aparicioi, to assess its thermal responses along a 1000 m elevational gradient in La Paz Valley from May to August of 2015 (dry season). We took field body and microhabitat temperatures at capture sites (substrate and air above ground), and body size (snout-vent length and mass) of individuals at Taypichullo (3000 m asl), Gran Jardín de la Revolución Municipal Park (3500 m asl), a...
Abstract: Despite the existence of several regional studies on the diet of the Andean bear (Trema... more Abstract: Despite the existence of several regional studies on the diet of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), there is a lack of information about the effects of human disturbances on this species' foraging ecology. Our main goal was to compare Andean bear diet composition between a disturbed area (DA) close to a paved road versus an undisturbed area (UA) far away from it, within the Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cotapata, Bolivia. We collected 120 feces samples between October and November 2014—60 samples from each area. We identified 13 species from the feces collected at UA, whereas we identified only 7 species from the feces at DA. Mean number of identified food items per fecal sample at UA was 2.90 (SD = 0.86) and significantly greater (t = –4.32, = 118 df, P < 0.001) than DA mean 1.95 (SD = 1.43). Levin's index points to a specialist diet for Andean bears at both areas, but niche breadth at the UA (0.083) was almost twice the value at DA (0.043). Almost half of the items were found at both the UA and the DA (Jaccard's index = 0.538). Simpson's Diversity index ([UA] = 0.310, [DA] = 0.167) shows that Andean bear diet at the UA was also more equitable, as well as less dominated by a single item (Inverse Simpson index N [DA] = 3.229, N [UA] = 5.997). These results suggest that the presence of a road may affect Andean bear foraging ecology.
ContextUnderstanding the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of species is an i... more ContextUnderstanding the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of species is an important aim of ecology and prerequisite for conservation. The Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita) and the pampas cat (L. colocolo) are two of the least studied felids. Both are threatened, of similar size and live sympatrically in the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú. AimsWe aimed at estimating the population densities of the Andean cat and pampas cat in two continuous areas and to analyse the activity patterns of these two species and that of mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscacia), the main prey of the Andean cat. MethodsWe used camera traps to evaluate the density of both felid species using the space explicit capture recapture (SECR) framework and the overlap in their activity patterns with that of mountain vizcacha, using the kernel-density estimator in two contiguous areas in the Bolivian Altiplano, at Muro-Amaya and at Micani, both within the Ciudad de Piedra region. Key re...
Actividad y uso del hábitat de Pseudalopex culpaeus en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia)... more Actividad y uso del hábitat de Pseudalopex culpaeus en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia) Actividad y uso del hábitat de un zorro culpeo y su cría (Pseudalopex culpaeus) en el Parque Nacional Sajama (Oruro, Bolivia) Activity and habitat use by a culpeo fox (Pseudalopex culpaeus) and its cub in Sajama National Park (Oruro, El conocimiento del zorro culpeo (Pseudalopex culpaeus) proviene principalmente de estudios en Chile y Argentina, donde se han reportado ámbitos de hogar entre 3.7 y 896 km 2 (Johnson & Franklin 1994, Diuk-Wasser 1995, Salvatori et al. 1999, Jiménez et al. 2001) y una selección positiva de fragmentos de bosque, matorrales (Johnson & Franklin 1994), quebradas (Jiménez 1993) y valles con pastizal y vegetación esteparia (Diuk-Wasser 1995). El único estudio sobre el uso del espacio de esta especie en Bolivia encontró que un macho adulto tenía un ámbito de hogar de 4.2 km 2 con actividad tanto diurna como nocturna (Rechberger 1999). En el presente estudio provee...
... Wariness of Caiman Populations and its Effect on Abundance Estimates LuIS F. PACHECO, Wildlif... more ... Wariness of Caiman Populations and its Effect on Abundance Estimates LuIS F. PACHECO, Wildlife and Range Sciences Depart-ment, University of ... This study was designed to help evaluate abun-dance estimates within a monitoring program of croc-odilians in the Beni ...
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Papers by Luis F Pacheco
3,060 individuals of Tayassu pecari and 6,220 of Pecari tajacu. Our estimates are not unrealistic, when compared with limited field data; and they show the magnitude of the damage caused by policies leading to the advancement of the agricultural frontier.
3,060 individuals of Tayassu pecari and 6,220 of Pecari tajacu. Our estimates are not unrealistic, when compared with limited field data; and they show the magnitude of the damage caused by policies leading to the advancement of the agricultural frontier.