Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2002
While many studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from psychotherapy when it is practiced in... more While many studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from psychotherapy when it is practiced in a controlled research environment with carefully selected (or excluded) patient groups and rigid manualised therapy sessions there is a paucity of research regarding effective outcomes from psychotherapy as it is practiced in actual clinical conditions. The aim of this series of studies was to investigate outcomes, using an effectiveness approach, from psychodynamic psychotherapy as it is practiced by private psychiatrists. Three studies were planned. The aim of Study 1 was to provide standardized baseline measures on the following dimensions • Personal Demographic Information (PDI), • Target Symptoms and Disorders (TSD) including a neuropsychological profile • Inter and Intra Personal (IIP) factors, and, • General Functioning and Quality of Life (GFQoL) factors. Study 2 aimed to examine changes in patient characteristics during the course of treatment. Thus, baseline assessments were r...
To quantify the rate of arterial oxygen desaturation during apnea in freedivers. Ten freedivers a... more To quantify the rate of arterial oxygen desaturation during apnea in freedivers. Ten freedivers and ten controls undertook five maximal face immersion apneas in 10 degrees C water separated by 2 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were recorded continuously. Peripheral blood flow was measured by calf plethysmography every 30 s, and venous blood samples were collected at rest and after apneas 1, 3, and 5. The blood was analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), lactate, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. The arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) data were curve fitted with both a sigmoid and two-slope continuous function. Apnea duration increased with successive attempts, with freedivers achieving significantly longer maximal apneas (trained 246 +/- 44 s, untrained 129 +/- 39 s, P < 0.001). Compared with controls, freedivers displayed a significant change from baseline in heart rate (trained -27.2 +/- 9.5 bpm, untrained -19.7 +/- 9.3 bpm, P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (trained 48 +/- 20.7 mm Hg, untrained 37 +/- 10.0 mm Hg, P = 0.002), but no difference existed in peripheral blood flow, Hct, lactate, or Hb. The maximal slope of the SaO(2) sigmoid curve was not significantly different between the groups (trained -0.16 +/- 0.05%.s(-1), untrained -0.15 +/- 0.06%.s(-1), P = 0.26), but the DeltaSaO(2(/Deltat obtained from the two-slope continuous model indicated that 85% of the variance in the freedivers DeltaSaO(2)/Deltat could be explained by the apnea-induced bradycardia, preapnea vital capacity, and Hb concentration. The sigmoidal function provided no quantifiable difference in the rate of oxygen desaturation. The two-slope continuous method, however, indicated that freedivers who had larger oxygen stores and produced the largest bradycardia were able to slow the DeltaSaO(2)/Deltat to two to three times that of the least marked response.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2002
While many studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from psychotherapy when it is practiced in... more While many studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from psychotherapy when it is practiced in a controlled research environment with carefully selected (or excluded) patient groups and rigid manualised therapy sessions there is a paucity of research regarding effective outcomes from psychotherapy as it is practiced in actual clinical conditions. The aim of this series of studies was to investigate outcomes, using an effectiveness approach, from psychodynamic psychotherapy as it is practiced by private psychiatrists. Three studies were planned. The aim of Study 1 was to provide standardized baseline measures on the following dimensions • Personal Demographic Information (PDI), • Target Symptoms and Disorders (TSD) including a neuropsychological profile • Inter and Intra Personal (IIP) factors, and, • General Functioning and Quality of Life (GFQoL) factors. Study 2 aimed to examine changes in patient characteristics during the course of treatment. Thus, baseline assessments were r...
To quantify the rate of arterial oxygen desaturation during apnea in freedivers. Ten freedivers a... more To quantify the rate of arterial oxygen desaturation during apnea in freedivers. Ten freedivers and ten controls undertook five maximal face immersion apneas in 10 degrees C water separated by 2 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were recorded continuously. Peripheral blood flow was measured by calf plethysmography every 30 s, and venous blood samples were collected at rest and after apneas 1, 3, and 5. The blood was analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), lactate, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. The arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) data were curve fitted with both a sigmoid and two-slope continuous function. Apnea duration increased with successive attempts, with freedivers achieving significantly longer maximal apneas (trained 246 +/- 44 s, untrained 129 +/- 39 s, P < 0.001). Compared with controls, freedivers displayed a significant change from baseline in heart rate (trained -27.2 +/- 9.5 bpm, untrained -19.7 +/- 9.3 bpm, P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (trained 48 +/- 20.7 mm Hg, untrained 37 +/- 10.0 mm Hg, P = 0.002), but no difference existed in peripheral blood flow, Hct, lactate, or Hb. The maximal slope of the SaO(2) sigmoid curve was not significantly different between the groups (trained -0.16 +/- 0.05%.s(-1), untrained -0.15 +/- 0.06%.s(-1), P = 0.26), but the DeltaSaO(2(/Deltat obtained from the two-slope continuous model indicated that 85% of the variance in the freedivers DeltaSaO(2)/Deltat could be explained by the apnea-induced bradycardia, preapnea vital capacity, and Hb concentration. The sigmoidal function provided no quantifiable difference in the rate of oxygen desaturation. The two-slope continuous method, however, indicated that freedivers who had larger oxygen stores and produced the largest bradycardia were able to slow the DeltaSaO(2)/Deltat to two to three times that of the least marked response.
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Papers by Lynne Ridgway