IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Gamete collection is feasible in Banteng (Bos javanicus) and is essential for conserving this spe... more Gamete collection is feasible in Banteng (Bos javanicus) and is essential for conserving this species. The common practice of semen collection in wild animals is using the electroejaculation technique which is considered invasive with lower-quality results. This study aims to develop sperm collection further using an artificial vagina and to investigate the sperm motility of Banteng after being frozen-thawed. A Banteng bull kept in Taman Safari Indonesia was used for this study. Before semen collection, the bull is acclimatized to collection conditions. Semen collection is done once a month for six months. The semen was evaluated according to a method for bovine semen. Cryopreservation of semen was performed using an Andromed® extender, in 0.25 mL Ministraw®, and equilibrated at 4°C for 3 hours, followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen vapor. Quality testing was performed using the CASA IVOS II™. The result showed variations between batches, with the number of mountings 9.83±2.86(7-1...
The population of anoa, which is an endemic fauna to Indonesia, was getting decrease caused by th... more The population of anoa, which is an endemic fauna to Indonesia, was getting decrease caused by the illegal hunting and deforestation. Anoa is included in endangered species by IUCN, and Appendix I by CITES. The experiment aimed to characterize the seminal plasma contents and to cryopreserve the anoa semen for artificial insemination application in captivity. The experiment was carried out in Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor). Semen was collected from 2 anesthetized males (4-10 years) by electroejaculation. Seminal plasma gained by centrifugation of ejaculate (3000 rpm, 20 minutes), and then was evaluated the biochemical contents. Other ejaculates were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, and then extended in Tris and Na-citrate media to a total concentration of 100 billion cells mL -1 . Extended semen was stored at 4 o C, and evaluated the motility and viability every 12 h. Frozen semen was made in Tris medium added with 5% of glycerol. The seminal plasma of anoa contained to...
H-labelled oestradiol-17b and C-progesterone were injected i.v. into an adult female Ž . Sumatran... more H-labelled oestradiol-17b and C-progesterone were injected i.v. into an adult female Ž . Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis and all urine and faeces collected over 4 days. Of the injected steroid, 68% of H-oestradiol and 89% of C-progesterone were recovered. Peak excretion in urine occurred on day 1 for both steroids, and for faeces on day 2 for C-progesterone, and between days 2 and 3 for H-oestradiol. Oestradiol metabolites were predominantly Ž . nearly 70% excreted into the urine, while progesterone metabolites were almost exclusively Ž . Ž . )99% excreted into the faeces. The majority )70% of urinary excreted oestrogens consisted Ž . of water-soluble i.e., conjugated forms, with )90% of these being glucuronides. In contrast, Ž )75% of faecal oestrogen and progesterone metabolites were excreted as ether-soluble i.e., . unconjugated forms. HPLC co-chromatography of oestrogens in hydrolysed urine indicated only one peak of radioactivity, co-eluting with authentic oestradi...
Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation ... more Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkok...
Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities... more Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for arboreal animals and large volumes of urine. Sufficient recovery of urine is thus still difficult for wildlife biologists, particularly for terrestrial and small bodied animals. We tested three collection devices (two commercially available saliva swabs, Salivette synthetic and cotton, and cotton First aid swabs) against a control to permit the collection of small volumes of urine from the ground. We collected urine samples from captive and wild macaques, and humans, measured volume recovery, and analyzed concentrates of selected physiological markers (creatinine, C-peptide, and neopterin). The Salivette synthetic device was superior to th...
Orangutans are on the brink of extinction with serious declines in population sizes. Many attempt... more Orangutans are on the brink of extinction with serious declines in population sizes. Many attempts have been made to protect this species including a reintroduction program as a new approach mandated by the Indonesian government. In the present study we are reporting the assessments of Sumatran orangutan well-being during the rehabilitation and reintroduction process by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM). The samples were collected from the rehabilitation facility Batu Mblin, Sibolangit Medan, and from the reintroduction station Jantho, Aceh Province, both operated by the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Project (SOCP). Fecal samples were collected from 6 individuals between 2011 and 2013. The lowest FGCM levels were found at the rehabilitation station. After transport to the release station, but before the animals were released, we already found an elevation of FGCM, presumably reflecting a response to the new environment and transportation stress. The highest levels ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Gamete collection is feasible in Banteng (Bos javanicus) and is essential for conserving this spe... more Gamete collection is feasible in Banteng (Bos javanicus) and is essential for conserving this species. The common practice of semen collection in wild animals is using the electroejaculation technique which is considered invasive with lower-quality results. This study aims to develop sperm collection further using an artificial vagina and to investigate the sperm motility of Banteng after being frozen-thawed. A Banteng bull kept in Taman Safari Indonesia was used for this study. Before semen collection, the bull is acclimatized to collection conditions. Semen collection is done once a month for six months. The semen was evaluated according to a method for bovine semen. Cryopreservation of semen was performed using an Andromed® extender, in 0.25 mL Ministraw®, and equilibrated at 4°C for 3 hours, followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen vapor. Quality testing was performed using the CASA IVOS II™. The result showed variations between batches, with the number of mountings 9.83±2.86(7-1...
The population of anoa, which is an endemic fauna to Indonesia, was getting decrease caused by th... more The population of anoa, which is an endemic fauna to Indonesia, was getting decrease caused by the illegal hunting and deforestation. Anoa is included in endangered species by IUCN, and Appendix I by CITES. The experiment aimed to characterize the seminal plasma contents and to cryopreserve the anoa semen for artificial insemination application in captivity. The experiment was carried out in Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor). Semen was collected from 2 anesthetized males (4-10 years) by electroejaculation. Seminal plasma gained by centrifugation of ejaculate (3000 rpm, 20 minutes), and then was evaluated the biochemical contents. Other ejaculates were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, and then extended in Tris and Na-citrate media to a total concentration of 100 billion cells mL -1 . Extended semen was stored at 4 o C, and evaluated the motility and viability every 12 h. Frozen semen was made in Tris medium added with 5% of glycerol. The seminal plasma of anoa contained to...
H-labelled oestradiol-17b and C-progesterone were injected i.v. into an adult female Ž . Sumatran... more H-labelled oestradiol-17b and C-progesterone were injected i.v. into an adult female Ž . Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis and all urine and faeces collected over 4 days. Of the injected steroid, 68% of H-oestradiol and 89% of C-progesterone were recovered. Peak excretion in urine occurred on day 1 for both steroids, and for faeces on day 2 for C-progesterone, and between days 2 and 3 for H-oestradiol. Oestradiol metabolites were predominantly Ž . nearly 70% excreted into the urine, while progesterone metabolites were almost exclusively Ž . Ž . )99% excreted into the faeces. The majority )70% of urinary excreted oestrogens consisted Ž . of water-soluble i.e., conjugated forms, with )90% of these being glucuronides. In contrast, Ž )75% of faecal oestrogen and progesterone metabolites were excreted as ether-soluble i.e., . unconjugated forms. HPLC co-chromatography of oestrogens in hydrolysed urine indicated only one peak of radioactivity, co-eluting with authentic oestradi...
Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation ... more Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkok...
Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities... more Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for arboreal animals and large volumes of urine. Sufficient recovery of urine is thus still difficult for wildlife biologists, particularly for terrestrial and small bodied animals. We tested three collection devices (two commercially available saliva swabs, Salivette synthetic and cotton, and cotton First aid swabs) against a control to permit the collection of small volumes of urine from the ground. We collected urine samples from captive and wild macaques, and humans, measured volume recovery, and analyzed concentrates of selected physiological markers (creatinine, C-peptide, and neopterin). The Salivette synthetic device was superior to th...
Orangutans are on the brink of extinction with serious declines in population sizes. Many attempt... more Orangutans are on the brink of extinction with serious declines in population sizes. Many attempts have been made to protect this species including a reintroduction program as a new approach mandated by the Indonesian government. In the present study we are reporting the assessments of Sumatran orangutan well-being during the rehabilitation and reintroduction process by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM). The samples were collected from the rehabilitation facility Batu Mblin, Sibolangit Medan, and from the reintroduction station Jantho, Aceh Province, both operated by the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Project (SOCP). Fecal samples were collected from 6 individuals between 2011 and 2013. The lowest FGCM levels were found at the rehabilitation station. After transport to the release station, but before the animals were released, we already found an elevation of FGCM, presumably reflecting a response to the new environment and transportation stress. The highest levels ...
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