A survey of 15 families in the USA with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy showed that the 27 individuals ... more A survey of 15 families in the USA with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy showed that the 27 individuals who were affected had the following clinical picture from about the age of 10: photosensitive, occasionally violent, myoclonus, usually worse upon waking; generalised tonic-clonic seizures, sometimes associated with absence attacks; and light-sensitive, generally synchronous, spike-and-wave discharges on EEG that preceded clinical manifestations. Necropsy revealed marked loss of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, but no inclusion bodies. Since the disease was confined to sibs and consanguinity was present in two families, autosomal recessive inheritance is probable. The disease progressed more rapidly in these families than it did in the early cases, seen in the Baltic region. This difference could be due to a toxic effect of phenytoin because phenytoin given alone or with other antiepileptic drugs was associated with progressive motor and intellectual deterioration, marked ataxia, and even death. Treatment with valproic acid, and the concomitant reduction or elimination of phenytoin, has been associated with marked improvement in at least 8 patients. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy must be distinguished from Lafora body disease, which is invariably fatal and discernible on clinical grounds.
Intergovernmental Research and Policy Journal, 2021
Somaliland's quest for statehood status is faced with adverse reactions from the sovereign states... more Somaliland's quest for statehood status is faced with adverse reactions from the sovereign states, leading to its limited interaction in the global affairs. This adverse reaction is due to the global society's view on de facto states as unlawful entities, sources of perpetual conflict, irresponsible anomalies, and lawless ecosystems. A perception that throws de facto states at bay, almost indefinitely. A unique case to further explain this phenomenon is Somaliland's quest for statehood status, which was lingering for the last thirty years.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations
The presence of forward forces in foreign soil is not a modern notion but is thought-provoking wh... more The presence of forward forces in foreign soil is not a modern notion but is thought-provoking when a small state projects its military might in multiple locations of similar strategic importance. The United Arab Emirates' (UAE) base lease in Berbera is a case in point which attracted a reproach from the public and politicians. The joint parliament sitting to approve the draft agreement further complicated the reproach, resulting in many stakeholders to argue that the approval process suffered insufficient consultation, citing ambiguity and suspicion. Berbera basing politics is critical to Somaliland's national security but gained little scholarly attention that can explain the rationale and the underlying assumptions. This paper will, therefore, provide a qualitative assessment on the impact of UAE's overseas defense posture on Somaliland's political direction. Specifically, it tends to analyze the structural architect of the basing politics including actors, interests, risks (animosities), and prophesy on scenarios for use. This paper uses secondary and primary sources to sketch out the key issues; it also employs relevant international relations theories: security dilemma, deterrence, defensive, proxy war, geopolitics, pre-emption, beggar-thy-neighbor, and safe-haven concepts to make sense on this matter.
A survey of 15 families in the USA with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy showed that the 27 individuals ... more A survey of 15 families in the USA with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy showed that the 27 individuals who were affected had the following clinical picture from about the age of 10: photosensitive, occasionally violent, myoclonus, usually worse upon waking; generalised tonic-clonic seizures, sometimes associated with absence attacks; and light-sensitive, generally synchronous, spike-and-wave discharges on EEG that preceded clinical manifestations. Necropsy revealed marked loss of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, but no inclusion bodies. Since the disease was confined to sibs and consanguinity was present in two families, autosomal recessive inheritance is probable. The disease progressed more rapidly in these families than it did in the early cases, seen in the Baltic region. This difference could be due to a toxic effect of phenytoin because phenytoin given alone or with other antiepileptic drugs was associated with progressive motor and intellectual deterioration, marked ataxia, and even death. Treatment with valproic acid, and the concomitant reduction or elimination of phenytoin, has been associated with marked improvement in at least 8 patients. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy must be distinguished from Lafora body disease, which is invariably fatal and discernible on clinical grounds.
Intergovernmental Research and Policy Journal, 2021
Somaliland's quest for statehood status is faced with adverse reactions from the sovereign states... more Somaliland's quest for statehood status is faced with adverse reactions from the sovereign states, leading to its limited interaction in the global affairs. This adverse reaction is due to the global society's view on de facto states as unlawful entities, sources of perpetual conflict, irresponsible anomalies, and lawless ecosystems. A perception that throws de facto states at bay, almost indefinitely. A unique case to further explain this phenomenon is Somaliland's quest for statehood status, which was lingering for the last thirty years.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations
The presence of forward forces in foreign soil is not a modern notion but is thought-provoking wh... more The presence of forward forces in foreign soil is not a modern notion but is thought-provoking when a small state projects its military might in multiple locations of similar strategic importance. The United Arab Emirates' (UAE) base lease in Berbera is a case in point which attracted a reproach from the public and politicians. The joint parliament sitting to approve the draft agreement further complicated the reproach, resulting in many stakeholders to argue that the approval process suffered insufficient consultation, citing ambiguity and suspicion. Berbera basing politics is critical to Somaliland's national security but gained little scholarly attention that can explain the rationale and the underlying assumptions. This paper will, therefore, provide a qualitative assessment on the impact of UAE's overseas defense posture on Somaliland's political direction. Specifically, it tends to analyze the structural architect of the basing politics including actors, interests, risks (animosities), and prophesy on scenarios for use. This paper uses secondary and primary sources to sketch out the key issues; it also employs relevant international relations theories: security dilemma, deterrence, defensive, proxy war, geopolitics, pre-emption, beggar-thy-neighbor, and safe-haven concepts to make sense on this matter.
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Papers by Najah M. Adam