A shipwreck site located off Sancti Petri sand spit (Cadiz, Spain) was identified as a Temeraire-... more A shipwreck site located off Sancti Petri sand spit (Cadiz, Spain) was identified as a Temeraire-class 74-gun French ship. The archaeological deposits relate it to the Fougueux, sunken after the Battle of Trafalgar. The site contains some pieces of the naval structure, 32 iron guns, and a large anchor, but two thirds of the ship is missing. Available information (including ship logbooks of weather observations and other historic documents) establishes that a dismasted French ship ran aground on 22 October 1805 and broke up into pieces on the 25th due to tempestuous weather. Combining that information and a set of numerical models (ocean, atmosphere, and dispersion), we aim to simulate different scenarios in order to determine the most probable areas for finding the shipwreck remains of the Fougueux, taking into account the uncertainty of the information used and the modeling limitations. The probability of finding scattered remains belonging to the Fougueux was calculated using the modeled scenarios. As a result, it was found that the high probability area contained four additional sites comprising 40 guns and 5 anchors whose characteristics and dating are similar to those of the previously known site. The results of our study highlight the value of numerical modeling in underwater archaeology as a tool for the identification and optimization of resources in prospecting scattered shipwreck sites.
Abstract The optical, electrical and corrosion resistance properties of thin layers of zirconium ... more Abstract The optical, electrical and corrosion resistance properties of thin layers of zirconium oxynitride are directly related to their structure and chemical composition. In the present work a study of the chemical composition of a thin film of ZrO x N y from the surface to the substrate-film interface is performed, and its structure is determined. The coatings were deposited via RF magnetron sputtering, the chemical composition was analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the microstructure was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the morphology was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD and TEM analysis showed that the films exhibited two crystallographic phases: monoclinic ZrO 2 and cubic Zr 2 ON 2 . XPS results indicated variations in the composition of the ZrO 2 and ZrON 2 as a function of the depth.
... Soc, 143(1), (1996), p. 147. [6] JR Galvele, SM de Micheli, IL Muller, SB de Wexler and IL Al... more ... Soc, 143(1), (1996), p. 147. [6] JR Galvele, SM de Micheli, IL Muller, SB de Wexler and IL Alanis, Critical Potentials for Localized Corrosion of Aluminium Alloys, NACE-3, R ... Sci., 10, ( 1970), p. 795. [II] M. Bethencourt, FJ Botana, MA Cauqui, M. Marcos, MA Rodríguez and JM ...
A shipwreck site located off Sancti Petri sand spit (Cadiz, Spain) was identified as a Temeraire-... more A shipwreck site located off Sancti Petri sand spit (Cadiz, Spain) was identified as a Temeraire-class 74-gun French ship. The archaeological deposits relate it to the Fougueux, sunken after the Battle of Trafalgar. The site contains some pieces of the naval structure, 32 iron guns, and a large anchor, but two thirds of the ship is missing. Available information (including ship logbooks of weather observations and other historic documents) establishes that a dismasted French ship ran aground on 22 October 1805 and broke up into pieces on the 25th due to tempestuous weather. Combining that information and a set of numerical models (ocean, atmosphere, and dispersion), we aim to simulate different scenarios in order to determine the most probable areas for finding the shipwreck remains of the Fougueux, taking into account the uncertainty of the information used and the modeling limitations. The probability of finding scattered remains belonging to the Fougueux was calculated using the modeled scenarios. As a result, it was found that the high probability area contained four additional sites comprising 40 guns and 5 anchors whose characteristics and dating are similar to those of the previously known site. The results of our study highlight the value of numerical modeling in underwater archaeology as a tool for the identification and optimization of resources in prospecting scattered shipwreck sites.
Abstract The optical, electrical and corrosion resistance properties of thin layers of zirconium ... more Abstract The optical, electrical and corrosion resistance properties of thin layers of zirconium oxynitride are directly related to their structure and chemical composition. In the present work a study of the chemical composition of a thin film of ZrO x N y from the surface to the substrate-film interface is performed, and its structure is determined. The coatings were deposited via RF magnetron sputtering, the chemical composition was analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the microstructure was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the morphology was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD and TEM analysis showed that the films exhibited two crystallographic phases: monoclinic ZrO 2 and cubic Zr 2 ON 2 . XPS results indicated variations in the composition of the ZrO 2 and ZrON 2 as a function of the depth.
... Soc, 143(1), (1996), p. 147. [6] JR Galvele, SM de Micheli, IL Muller, SB de Wexler and IL Al... more ... Soc, 143(1), (1996), p. 147. [6] JR Galvele, SM de Micheli, IL Muller, SB de Wexler and IL Alanis, Critical Potentials for Localized Corrosion of Aluminium Alloys, NACE-3, R ... Sci., 10, ( 1970), p. 795. [II] M. Bethencourt, FJ Botana, MA Cauqui, M. Marcos, MA Rodríguez and JM ...
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